LEARNING WORKSHEET Quarter 1 Science Grade 8 Worksheet No. _____ MELCS: S8FE-If-27 Name: ________________________________ Section: ______________________________ Score: _______________________ Date Submitted: _______________ Heat and Temperature ACTIVITY 1 – THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE DISPERSION OF MOLECULES Objectives: Demonstrate how solid particles react in different temperatures of water. Compare the speed of dispersion of solid particles in the three setups. Calculate the heat absorbed or released to raise or decrease the temperature of a substance. Note: Perform this Home-based activity to understand our lesson better. If the specific materials listed in the activity are unavailable, you may improvise on whatever material is available at home. Materials: Three jars or three transparent cups 1 ½ cup of tap water (room temperature) 1 ½ cold water 1 ½ hot water Three teaspoons of coffee powder Timer Procedure: 1. Label jars/cups A, B, and C, respectively. A B C Figure 1. Jars labeled A, B, and C. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Fill Jar A with tap water, B with cold water, and C with hot water. Put a teaspoon of coffee in the center of each jar. Record the time of the dispersion of the coffee particles using a timer. Observe the behavior of the coffee powder in the three setups. Record your observations in the table below. Setup Type of Water A B C Tap Cold Hot Time of Dispersal Observations Guide Questions: 1. What similarities did you observe when you added the coffee powder to 1 Heat and Temperature 2022, Delia B. Bernadas 2. 3. 4. 5. each container? _______________________________________________________________________ In which container did the coffee scatter the fastest? In which container did it scatter the slowest? _______________________________________________________________________ In which container did the water molecules contain more kinetic energy? In which container did the water molecules contain the least kinetic energy? _______________________________________________________________________ How do you relate the water temperature at the time of the scattering of the coffee powder? _______________________________________________________________________ How is temperature related to the speed of particle dispersion? _______________________________________________________________________ READ THIS: Application: Specific Heat Capacity Take the case of copper–bottom pans and Pyrex glass used in the kitchen. When cooking, copper–bottom pans are the best choice due to their low specific heat capacity, while Pyrex makes better baking wares due to their high specific heat capacity. Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat that will change the temperature of an object a degree higher or lower. Copper–bottom pans require a small amount of heat to change their temperature, making them good cookware, while Pyrex glass requires a large amount of heat to change its temperature, making it suitable for baking. Different materials have different specific heat capacities. Many metals have low specific heat capacities, making them easy to heat up and cool down. On the other hand, water has a high specific heat capacity, so it takes a long time to heat water and a long time to cool down. This characteristic makes water a suitable coolant for car radiators. Water can absorb a large amount of heat without causing its temperature to rise too high. The unit of specific heat capacity is J/kg°C, with its mathematical expression: 𝐽 𝑄 𝐶= = 𝑘𝑔°𝐶 𝑚∆𝑇 Alternatively, the relation among these quantities is expressed as: 𝑄 = 𝑚𝑐∆𝑇 Where: Q = heat (Joules, J) ∆T = change in temperature (°C) m = mass (kg) c = specific heat (J/kg°C) 2 Heat and Temperature 2022, Delia B. Bernadas How to derive the formula using the Triangular Method: Q m c ∆𝐓 Q = mc∆T c= 𝑄 𝑚∆𝑇 m= 𝑄 𝑐∆𝑇 ∆𝑇 = 𝑄 𝑀𝐶 ∆𝑇 = 𝑇𝑓 − 𝑇𝑖 Sample Problem: Solve the problem using the GUESA method. A 1.50 kg tap water heats from an initial temperature of 30°C to a final temperature of 80°C. How much heat must be added to the water? Given: m = 1.50 kg Ti = 30°C Tf = 80°C c = 4186 J/kg°C (specific heat of water) Unknown: Q =? Equation: Q = mc∆T Solution: Q = (1.50 kg) (4186 J/kg°C) (Tf – Ti) Q = (1.50 kg) (4186 J/kg°C) (80°C – 30°C) Q = (6279 J/°C) (50°C) Answer: Q = 314,000 J ______________________________________________________________________________ 3 Heat and Temperature 2022, Delia B. Bernadas ACTIVITY 2 – CALCULATING HEAT AND TEMPERATURE Solve: (Use the GUESA method.) 1. A piece of unknown metal with a mass of 0.157 kg loses 1090 J heat when cooled from 175°C to 25°C. What is the specific heat capacity value of this metal? 2. The temperature of a sample of water increases from 20 0C to 46.6 0C as it absorbs 56.50 calories of heat. What is the mass of the sample? 3. Calculate the temperature change when: a. 10.0 kg ow water loses 232kJ of heat. (CW = 4.179J/g 0C) b. 1.96kJof heat is added t0 500g of copper. (CCu=0.385J/g 0C) References: Chalfant, H. et.al. (2005, Fall). Heat and temperature. Sci Ed, 491. Retrieved from http://www.biol.wwu.edu/donovan/SciEd491/HeatTempUnit.pdf Expansion and contraction. (n. d.) Retrieved from http://schools.cbe.ab.ca/b682/pdfs/Science%207/Heat-and Temperature-Unit3_T4_T6.pdf 4 Heat and Temperature 2022, Delia B. Bernadas Alumaga et al. (2014, Vibal). Science and Technology, 56-63. 5 Heat and Temperature 2022, Delia B. Bernadas