COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITY DEPARTMENT OF CIVICS AND ETHICAL STUDIES TITLE: - METHODS OF INTER PERSONAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AND RESOLUTION IN KUCHA DISTRICT, THE CASE OF SELAMBER TOWN By: Behayilu Halala, ID NO, shr/1272/ ADVISOR NAME: ............................................... APPROVED BY ADVISOR AND EXAMINERS __________________ ______________ Advisor Signature _________________ _______________ Examiner Signature _________________ _______________ Examiner Signature ____________________ Date _____________________ Date _____________________ Date Table contents Chapter One Page 1. Introduction.............................................................................. 1.1. Background of the study......................................................... 1.2. Statement of the study..... ............................................................... 1.3. Objectives of the study........................................................................ 1.3.1. General objectives of the study.................................................... 1.3.2. Specific objectives of the study................................................... 1.4. Research question................................................................................ 1.5. Significant of the study........................................................................ 1.6. Scope of the study and limitation......................................................... 1.7. Organization of the study..................................................................... Chapter two 2. Review related of literature.................................................................... 2.1. Defining and conceptualization of concepts............ 2.2. Conflict..................................................................... 2.2.1. Types of conflict...................................................... 2.2.2. Theories of conflict................................................ 2.2.3. Conflict management............................................ 2.2.4. Conflict transformation......................................... 2.2.5. Conflict resolution................................................. 2.3. Source of conflict...................................................... 2.4. Consequence of conflict.......................................... 2.5. Conflict management and resolution..................... 2.6. Interpersonal conflict............................................... Chapter three 3. Methodology of the study................................................... 3.1. Description of the study area........................................... 3.2. Research design................................................................ 3.3. Source of data.................................................................. 3.3.1. Primary source of data................................................. 3.3.2. Secondary source of data............................................ 3.4. Sampling design.............................................................. 3.5. Sampling size...................................................................... 3.6. Sampling technique........................................................... 3.7. Methodology of data analysis........................................... 3.8. Ethical considerations....................................................... Chapter four 4. Inter personal conflict management and resolution............... 4.1. Reasons of inter personal conflict......................................... 4.1.1. Economical reasons........................................................... 4.1.2. Socio cultural reasons by university students.................. 4.1.3. Personal reasons............................................................... 4.2. Consequence of inter personal conflict.............................. 4.3. Cause of conflict in selamber town..................................... 4.4. Actors of peace making between students.......................... 4.4.1. selamber.............................................................................. 4.4.2. Governments........................................................................ 4.4.3. Community.......................................................................... 4.5. Inter personal management and resolution method........... 4.6. Impacts of inter personal conflict.......................................... 4.7. Challenges faces to resolve inter personal conflict.............. Chapter five 5. Conclusion and recommendation............................................................ 5.1. Conclusion....................................................................................... 5.2. Recommendation............................................................................ 5.3. Reference........................................................................................ 5.4. Appendix......................................................................................... Acknowledgement First and most I would like to present word for the powerful God next to this much wondered to my advisor Abrha G. For this continuous and regular follow up to producing this paper l am grate for this constrictive criticism, patience encouragement and devotion without you this study would have reach its present stage. My respectful and graduate thanks also go to my family for their constant reliable financial and moral support enable me to complete my study. Abstract This study was aimed at way of inter personal conflict management resolution in Kucha district, Selamber town. As we know conflicts is disease of developments. So, this senior essay tries to examine the cause, impact, consequences, mechanisms and its resolution of conflicts as much as possible. This research has been conducted based on purposive sampling method for preparing interview was used as a means of data collection method. Based on the basement and it was found that conflicts a series problem in one country economy, political and social development. Key Word: - Inter Personal Conflict Chapter One 1. Introduction 1.1. Background of the study According to Brhane (2012), conflict can be understood as engagement in fight or disagreement confrontation between two or more parties as a spring towards incompatible of competitive means or end (Brhane 2012, 1). Interpersonal conflict involves two or more students rather than one student. By the reasons of personality difference between students, psychological problem, perception, clashes of values and interests among students, power and status difference and scare of some resources (St. Paul, Minn, 1989) Conflict is the natural and human practice or existence. Moreover (Assefa, 2005) states that as there is the notation or society and very existence or the people, there also obviously conflict no matter the extent as well as the source of it. The essences of conflict seems to be disagreement, contradiction or Conflict is a situation in which two or more human beings desire goal which they perceive as being obtainable by one or two not both. In other words, it s a social situation in which a minimum of two actors strive to acquire the same movement in time and available set of scare resources, (Wallenstein 2007, 3). The concept of conflict is integral part of human life, when there is interaction and competition then there is a conflict. In this regard, conflict can be defined as disagreement between groups or individuals trying to gain acceptance of their views or objection over others. But it is not necessary to eliminate all conflicts as they are not always harmful. In fact, conflict can contribute positive outcome. However, conflict can be destructive and hinder ideas and information. In this case, conflict highly affects the effectiveness of the organization. In some case, due to conflict corruption and nepotism may result (Edo 2001, 28-29). Incompatibility, that means any situation in which there are incompatible goals, cognition or emotions within or between student that lead to opposition or antagonistic interaction. Interpersonal conflict occurs in our university it may be by the negotiation and mediation or other methods of conflict management and resolution. In Adigrat University the students will get into conflict by many reasons it may be religious difference, cultural, languages, interest and so on. Currently, the students of Adigrat University will try to solve their disputes by the above methods. Interpersonal conflict which occurs within students, often involves some form of goal. When Selamber s behavior will result in outcome that are mutually exclusive or have compatible (both positive and negative outcomes) 1.2. Statement of problem Conflict is human phenomenon that cannot be avoided. Many effects are taken by the government, local people and other stake holders to solve conflict in kucha woreda, particularly Selamber town. For example the government establishes an institution or investigation and persecution of conflict cases like informal or traditional institution, government officials undermines these institutions. Based on inter personal conflict management and resolution mechanisms. There are also a lot of problems that leads to conflict in Selamber town, from them imbalance of resources, cultures, religions, lack of information, lack of finance and customs of the peoples who work sufficient study up on the customary law, so to solve the conflict in Selamber town, then one of the customary law which did not get sufficient concern still by researchers and writers. The other problems that motivated the researcher to conduct this research are in order to provide a sufficient information, awareness and knowledge to suggest the possible solution of the conflicts that are arising in the study area. 1.3. Objective of the study The researcher would have general and specific objectives 1.3.1. General Objectives The overall objective of the study will to investigate the conflict management and resolution in Kucha Woreda, in the Selamber town. 1.3.2. Specific Objectives The specific objective of this study will; To identify the causes of conflict in the study area To investigate the methods use by the Selamber town in settling their dispute To investigate the challenges faced to resolve interpersonal conflict in Selamber town 1.4. Research Question 1. What are the possible causes of interpersonal conflict in Selamber town? 2. What are the method of conflict management and resolution process employed by the Selamber town peoples? 3. What are the challenges trying to resolve interpersonal conflict in the study area? 1.5. Significant of the study The study will useful to the to appreciate the informal interpersonal conflict management and resolution mechanism in the Selambet town to solve the problem of the institution and situation which is relate to conflict resolution. In addition to the study help other researchers who want to study on the conflict resolution mechanism as the secondary data process. It will be used as source of literature review for the other researcher who need to the study on similar topics. It also enables to have better understanding about interpersonal conflict management and resolution methods. 1.6 Scope of the study and limitation of the study The scoop of the study will delaminate on the interpersonal conflict management and resolution method in selamber. There are a lot of difficulty s to do the study like; lack of access to internet, lack of relevant documents, language difference and difficulties to get respondents who have willing to interviewed. 1.7 Organization of the study The study covers five chapters. The first chapters of the study deal with the background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study and scope of the study, and limitation of the study and organization of the study. The second chapter deals with the conceptual framework of the study. The third chapter of this study embraces the research methodology. The fourth chapter of this study deals with all about the data presentation and analysis and the final chapter of this study include the conclusion and recommendation. Chapter two 2. Review of related literature 2.1 Defining and conceptualizing concepts 2.1.1 Conflict Different scholars in different time define conflict. Conflict is struggle over states power, scarce resource to control in which the aim of the party is to injure, neutralize or eliminate (Custer 1956,35) in other words, conflict is derived from Latin words configure meaning that to strike together then it is confrontation between two or more parties seeking in competitive means (Macao 1965,6) Galtung (2000) states that conflict is human as life itself it is a fact of human being. Conflict is an inevitable human phenomenon that cannot be prevented. In this view at this to talk about conflict prevention is like to take about life presentation. However, conflict is unavailable it can be managed through different conflict resolution mechanisms. Conflict and dispute are a natural part of human experiences and should not be undesirable or assign of failures some conflicts are an available and can be difficult to solve conflict is not obstacle but the way of conflict that determines values are obstacle (Jeasand, Steven 2005). In other word conflict can be a violent and armed struggle between groups within the state and one or more states. In such confrontation and struggle some of the involved are injured and other killed (Bjura, 2002, 3). It s an expression of the heterogeneity of interests, value and beliefs that a rise a new formation generated by we deal with conflicts a matter of habits and choices. It is possible to change habitual response and exercise intelligent choices. The definition of conflict or conflict is a disharmony in an interaction process and usually occurs as result of clash interest could occur because either they are pursuing their in compatible goal of pursue their chosen goal (Derje, 2010, 79). Different writers defined conflict in different ways for instance (Ramshothan and Et al, 2005, 27) stated that a conflict a fight struggle, a clash between human beings desired goal which they perceived as being obtainable by one or other, but not both and there must be at least two parties, each parties is mobilizing energy to obtain aspired goal and each party provides the other as behavior of them. Of distinction between functional conflict and dysfunctional conflict pivots on whether the organizations interest are served, according to Englewood Cliff some support the goal of performance and functional constitute form of conflict they benefit of the organization. According to Englewood, conflict support the goal of performance is functional and dysfunctional constructive form of conflict the benefit the main purpose of organization. These types of conflict that hinder organizational performance, those are destructive forms. Generally, interpersonal conflict in Selamber town are, conflict is the general idea and interpersonal conflict the individual or one person to other person s disagreement. 2.1.2 Types of conflict As we know classification of conflict varies but in this section there are many types of conflict, those are; 1. Interpersonal conflict It is refers to conflict between two individuals. This occurs typically due to how people are different from one another. It is a conflict that when two persons have incompatible goals, needs or approaches in their relationship, communication breakdown is the main case or source of interpersonal conflict and as such learning communication skills, cultures, languages in preventing and solving such in compatibilities (fisher 1990,7) 2. Symmetrical conflict It is a type of conflict that occurs between two approximately equal resources or similar parties. For instance conflict occurred between two instructor due to the clash to their class is one types conflict that occurred in our university of both of the same conflict or disagreement. 3. Asymmetrical conflict Are conflicts that occur between two unequal resources or dissimilar or opposed groups or parties? The man cause for this conflict a particular issues or interest the parties, but in the every structure of who they are the relation between them (fisher, 1999, 9). From this we provide that it is the conflict that occurs between two or more persons who have unequal status and privileges. For instance conflict Selamber town peoples' with in structure. 4. Multi party conflict This conflict occurs in the society, when different interest groups and organization have varying priorities over resources management and policy development. 5. Intra group conflict This refers to the conflict between two or more members of the same group or team. Received a large amount of attention in the conflict and group dynamic life rapture, this interest increasing of studding intra group conflict may be a natural corollary of the obligations use of work group and work team. 2.1.3Theories on the source of conflict There are different theories about the source of conflict; some of these theories are briefly discussed below. 1. Frustration- Aggression theory According to frustration- aggression theory, human being are goal oriented organism and rational, naturally become aggravated, when they are prevented from achieving what they desire. Frustration is accumulated, their rationalization of goals then it is naturally to be aggressive and opt for conflict for realization and fulfillment of their goals (Jeng, 2000; cited in Dereje, 2010; 80). 2. Relative deprivation theory It is defined as the actor s perception of discrepancy between their value expectation and they are value capability, for him, value expectation lead people to believe that they are rightfully entitled to certain goods and condition of life (Jeong 2000:69. cited in Dereje, 2100: 80). Therefore, this theory to conflict is relevant for my case study, because in the study area the expected ability to satisfy basic material and social needs rises disportionately to what society to and dose deliver. 3. Basic need theory This theory also assumes that deep rooted conflicts are caused by unmet frustrated basic human need, human have needs, which they aspire to realize and fulfill. These included the need to have identity, spiritual and access to this needs make people his to undertake the option of violence to secure their needs (Geong, 2000, cited in Derage, 2010:82). This definition also relevant for my case study, because in the study area the expected ability to satisfy basic materials and social needs raised disproportionately to what society is able to and does deliver. 4. Realistic group theory Conflicts arise from real or perceived incompatible goal leading to intergroup competition that leads to misperception and hostilities. In other words this theory assumes that hostiles between two groups result from real or received conflicting goal that initiates intergroup completion (YapeOqlu, 1996; 32). 2.1.4 Conflict management The different concepts and related with conflict resolution are including conflict prevention, conflict settlement, conflict management and resolution. But my concern is what means by conflict management and resolution? Conflict management is the constructive way of dealing with conflict. It aims to avoid or limit future violence by promoting positive behavior in the parties involved in the conflict. According to (Fred tanner 2000) conflict management is the limitation mitigation and containment of conflict without necessary solving it. Conflict management is not immediately avoid but after limitation. Conflict management is eliminating violence and violent related action and leaving the conflict to be death with on political level. Conflict management to see violent conflicts as an ineradicable consequence of difference values and interest with in students. Conflict management is the process of limiting the negative aspects of conflict while increasing the positive aspect of conflict. The aim of conflict management is to enhance learning and group outcomes including effectiveness or performance in organizational setting or thumps (Pahim 2002, 208) 2.1.5 Conflict transformation A number of conflict theorists and participation including JhonpalLedgedch (1997) advocated the pursuit of conflict transformation as opposed to conflict resolution or conflict management. Conflict transformation is different from the other two leaders asserts because it reflects a better understanding of the nature of conflict. Is a process of ongoing with transforming the relationship, interests discourses and if necessary the very constitution of the society that support the constitution of violent conflict. Conflict transformation is a long term process which takes place at various levels of society (the personal, relational, structural and cultural) and aims at transforming conflict through negotiation. It is a process oriented, not just focused in short term settlement. 2.1.6 Conflict resolution It is defined a set of process active challenged towards addressing the root cause of conflict. Fisher Teach (2000) defined conflict resolution as referring to process aimed at addressing the case of conflict and building a new and lasting relationship between hostile practices. By other word conflict resolution refers to situation where the conflicting parties in to an agreement that solve their central at in compatibilities accepts each other continued existence as a parties are cease all violent action against each other (Wallenstence 2007) It is already mentioned that conflict tends to be destructive, because of our inability to transform team peaceful. The reason why we have frequent wars and violent in the world is that our skill of conflict resolution is poor. So conflict resolution are quite important in the efforts of certain a much peaceful to live with (Jeong, 2000, cited in Derege, 2010; 83). Conflict resolution is a more comprehensive term which implies that deep-rooted sources of conflict are addressed, and resolved. This implies that behavior is no longer violent, attitudes are no longer hostile and the structure of the conflicts has been changed (Ramsbotham O. and Et al, 2005; 21). Conflict resolution is a variety of approaches aimed at resolving conflicts through the constructive solving of problems distinct from the management or transformation of conflict (Genet Metiku W., 2010; 4). 2.2 Source of conflict There are four sources of conflicts they are; 1. Value conflict: - involves incompatibility in a ways of life, ideology the preference and financial thing such as money and others. 2. Power conflict: - the conflicts in the case of authority party to be stronger without the other being weaker at least in term. 3. Relationship conflict: - is a conflict in the case of resource base on the culture, language, religion, communication and others. 4. Interest conflict: - is the conflict on their own interest or other group interests. 2.3 Consequence of conflict Inter personal conflict had positive and negative consequences same of the positive consequences are getting new things, to getting knowledge about how conflicts are resolved and to developed ideas. The negative consequences are the economic decline, infrastructure distraction, budget deficiency, absence of equality of culture, languages and other. 2.4 Method of conflict management and resolution Based on the given information there are four ways conflict management and resolution. Then informal conflict management and resolution method of the alternative means of conflict dispute resolution those are; 1. Mediation Mediation; is an assisted negotiation, it a process used by disputing parties to reach a mutually satisfactory settlement. Mediation is the acceptable and impartial third party who has no decision making power. The mediator assists to voluntarily and neutral third person agreed by both parties. Ex two parties conflict the third person is neutral. 2. Arbitration Arbitration; is a formal process where two or more parties with an unresolved dispute go to neutral third party, to hear issue and make decision. As one of our court dispute settlement device most of the time if not completely depends on the agreement of the disputing parties to resolve their difference through it. Ex if two parties are in conflict, the third parties independently settle dispute between two parties. 3. Negotiation Negotiation; is a process in which two or more conflicts attempt to reach against decision on matters of common concern in situations where they are intellectual or potential disagreement. 4. Adjudication Adjudication; is where a neutral person usually empowered by an agency to make binding decision. Is more formal then arbitration involuntarily, adversarial process, the actual process of conflict resolution. 4.1.1 Formal conflict resolution method (judiciary) In judiciary, the parties do not have the chance to choice the judge and the roles that will apply in the adjudication process. Both the courts and law arranged by the government in the case domestic and national in the case of international law. 4.2.1 Formal judiciary process Judiciary refers to the formal and conflict way of solving conflict by using organized court system. This is which most people employees to solve their dispute. The parties in the conflict use in the services of courts organized by the government judiciary process parties can get their day in court and decision can be appeared. 2.5 Interpersonal conflict Interpersonal conflict is the conflict between one or more individual and personally not representing the group, the individual to the other person base on language, culture, religion, education and other person to the disagreement and not tolerant? The students need to have a good set of social skill, communication skill allow the manager to accomplish interpersonal situation and conflict instead of focusing on conflict as behavior issues focus on the communication it form.(Myerson Larson 2005,307) Inter personal conflict is occurs by the interest when the action of one person attempting to maximized his or her needs benefit, interfere, insure other person attempting to maximize (Johnson 1994).In generally conflict and interpersonal conflict may argue that among the university students, in different direction to resolve or resolution method, the good communication and social skill to have. Chapter three Methodologies Research design 3.1Description of the study area Adigrat University is located in eastern zone of the Tigray region north of Addis Abeba. It is 898 km from Addis Abeba. The study was conducted in Adigrat university it is geographically locate at 14' 20' N latitude and 39' 29' E longitude with an altitude of 2457 masl, lies at 155 hm from mekelle and 960 km from Addis Abeba. The minimum and maximum temperature and rainfall are 14°C-25° C and 659mm respectively. The wet season begin at the end of April and end on September. The dry season extends from October to March. The area is known by beles (Cactus) production. 3.2 Research design The researcher will used qualitative approach and case study design. The researcher will employ qualitative approach due to the reason that this study is better to do through descriptions and narrations. The researcher will conducting his research in this town for the following reasons. First, since this town is more multiplaced problems or area then others surround it. Secondly, this town is more familiar with the research. So, the researcher opted to conduct his study in Selamber town. 3.3 Data collection method The researcher will be use both primary and secondary source of data 3.3.1 Primary source of data The primary source of data will collecte by interview. 3.3.2 Secondary source of data The secondary source of data will collected from internets, and other sources that are relevant to this study. 3.4 Sampling design The researcher will used purposive sampling technique, for the effectiveness of the study and to save time as well as it will good for the researcher used this technique of sampling in order to reduce time that would affect the study. 3.5 Sampling size Currently at Selamber town there are100,000 peoples. Therefore, 30 students will selected by the researcher by using purposive technique. Therefore, an individual will selecte as respondent. Thus selected respondent will interviewed. From thus half of them will males and the remaining half will females. 3.6 Sampling techniques The researcher will use purposive sampling technique and this technique enable to obtain the required data from those who have deep knowledge about interpersonal conflict managements and resolution method among Selamber town.The respondents will selected on the basis of their knowledge and awareness. 3.7 Method of data analysis The data will collecte by using qualitative methods. Therefore, the data will analyzed by using purposive analysis, in order to analysis specific situation and to reach general conclusion and recommendation, that might be useful to minimize the trend of conflict among them. 3.8 Ethical consideration Currently, ethical issues are very indispensable in the conduct research, hence, in this research project as the study progresses. First of all the researcher should do good things than things causing any harm to the respondents in order to give there answer honestly and truthfully and observe proper procedure. In addition to this the researcher would inform the respondents properly about the purpose of the study. Thus considerations are Safety: - When the respondents asked a question about the study, they have the right to speak whatever they know and there personality is security. Confidentiality: - is an important concern interviews should not normally be named unless, and permission this is any recorded contributed in any form. Chapter Four Data analysis 4. Interpersonal conflict management and resolution method among Adigrat University 4.1 Reasons for inter personal conflicts It is impossible to discuss the strategies without identifying the factors causing the problems. Strategies depend on the thought and experience students had the reason for conflict. As the data from students interviewed, the reason for conflict between students was identified and grouped. This are difference between, thought believe, values and world view, unmet psychological needs identity, economically reasons and personal reason. 4.1.1 Economically reason In this part, economically reason does not only to household or government financial problems but also the poor management of experience, according to student s conflict between students and other students. The idea of economics that human wants are unlimited while resources are limited while resources are limited is guiding principles. One student to the other students not the same or equals this process to come conflict. 4.1.2 Socio cultural reasons by university students The described of social and cultural determinants of health, compare the socio cultural model with the disease model and the local cultural system as important for impacting communities, health practice and outcomes. The demonstrate awareness of one own culture assumption about health and behavior through self-reflection exercise. In every culture, there was different power relation among students member in general and administration particular. According to socio cultural perspective and describing people behavior and mental process as shaped in part by their social and cultural, including race, gender, nationality and religious opinion. In order to account for variability from person to person and acknowledge that social and cultural differences affect this individuals. 4.1.3 Personal reasons Personal reasons were the individuals behavior, this alone was one of highly concern all the other, how to help you job searching, interview skills, social networking, leaving your job, employment trends, other relations and even moral. 4.2 The consequence of inter personal conflict Inter personal conflict is between individuals and group of students characterized by conflict, mistrust, inequality, and poor interaction patterns. As can be seen from the above discussion (the factors affecting inter personal conflict) there were multiple possibility that could contributed for the bad inter personal relationship among the university students. From gathering of the interview we had analyzed the result as follow: - As many students believe that there were immediately vulnerable to inter personal conflict- whenever there was conflict with in university, it is known that it would affect students negatively and good inter personal relationship also positively influenced. If there were conflict between the students there would be no development in the country and they would not have good educational performance. The country also is in risk of getting educating citizens and other process. Increased of cost devoted to dealing with the conflict - wasted resources and energy spent dealing with the conflict:- Decreased productive, lower motivation, decreased moral, poor decision making, withdrawal and miscommunication, damaging emotional and psychological effect being of those involved in the conflict. The consequences of conflicts in our campus was, lack freedom, equality, justice and had great economic decline because of conflict not solved timely and regularly. So, it leads to positive and negative impacts. 4.3 Cause of conflicts in Adigrat university students As we know minimize conflict should be investigated about the cause of conflict in the study area. As gathered from the interview seventeen respondents said that not equal economically resource and not full information, other thirteen respondents said that there was no tolerance and agreement and it was the major cause for conflicts. Based on information gathered from interview we had analyzed the result as follow:- conflict was the most serious issue in the Adigrat university with regard to this the impacts of conflict on the economy, instability, poverty, loss of human life as well as on natural resource as always observed. AS seventeen respondents said that the impact of conflict in Adigrat University was medium. The remaining respondents said that the impact of conflict in this campus was high. Generally conflict in this university had medium impact. 4.4 Actors of peace making between students As the causes are different and complex, the vulnerable group had responsibility. There is multiple securities that could participate in the peace making process. Human security is the center task of peace building. Peace building involves stopping an ongoing conflict and prevents the resumption fighting following of conflict. 4.4.1 Students Students are the most immediate people to experiences the consequences of bad as well as good relationship among person. Students are immediate actors both as contributing for inter personal conflict and contributing solution for the problems. 4.4.2 Government The government has institution and legal frame work to protect the campus extremely. In this regard, the Ethiopia government has legal rules and regulation along with the institution extended from federal, regional, word to local settings. The federal democracy republic of Ethiopia constitution had legal document that sets right and responsibilities. 4.4.3 Community Community of the university relationship was informal, which based on culturally, moral norms to distinguish good and bad member of ascertain groups, the student s relationships to the community and sanity. 4.5 Inter personal conflict management and resolution Different methods are used in conflict management and resolution techniques to create harmonious and suitable in Adigrat university students. The following shows the techniques of conflict management and resolution. The respondent s answer, what way of conflict management and resolution mechanism as the most important used in this university? Half of the respondents said that by the tolerance, to creating of peace equal sheering resource and other said that informal conflict mechanism was the best way. The informal was done by the negotiation and mediation. Therefore, from the above information we can conclude that in order to create good relationship. Therefore, conflict should be accommodate by the informal ways regard to this the seventeen students informed that lack of economic resource and corruption in all administration sectors in this university were the main cause, the informant under line that, the major cause s conflict are distribution of economic resource, not full information. And the other mechanism of conflict management or prevent of the all students are learning process for example, ethics education, legal education, peace education and others. 4.6 Impact of conflict Based on information gathering from interview we have analyzed the result as follow:- conflict is the most serious issue in the Adigrat university. With regard to this the impacts of conflict on the economy, instability, poverty, when it is exceeds it may causes loss of human life as well as loss on natural resource as always observed. As seventeen respondents said that the impact of conflict in Adigrat University was medium. The others said that the impact of conflict in this campus is high. Generally conflict in this university had medium impact. 4.7 Challenges faced to resolve interpersonal conflict In order to solve interpersonal conflict there was a lot of difficulty or challenges that affect the resolution mechanisms in different ways like slowing the rate of resolving time and it kills time of the person who engaged in solving interpersonal conflicts and also the individuals as well. The main challenge was when two individuals getting in to conflict their relatives or friends are becoming part of the conflict and it creates difficulty to solve the problems and the other was there were absence of welling to resolved the conflict between the individuals who gets conflict. Even if one individual wants to resolve the conflict, the other one has no interest to solve the conflict and there were lies between the individuals in conflict resolution time and it leads to another conflicts. CHAPTER FIVE 5 Conclusion and recommendation 5.1 CONCLUSION As previously mentioned, the main objective of this study was to identify and analysis inter personnel conflict management resolution mechanism in Adigrat university students. To this the study attempted to find out possible answer to basic interview of the research. Interviews were distributed to male and female students in Adigrat University. The major finding also vested in the processes of this applied research l were wandering that the way of inter personal conflict management and resolution method among Adigrat university students were how much applicable by the campus society. 5.2. RECOMMENDATION Based on the above findings the following are possible recommendations;- the finding implied that there were curtail problems in the interpersonal conflict management and resolutions mechanism. As this responsibility all citizen should use different techniques to solve conflicts in order to reduce its impact on the society as well as in the environment. To minimize conflict in Adigrat University, students should take measures. Like informal conflict resolution methods (Negotiation, Mediation, Arbitration and others) to reduces conflict. REFERNCE ♦Abdi zenebe and kalewengel minable.2010. Mule for course resolution v.oxford university. ♦Berhane 2012. An assessment of indigenous conflict resolution mechanism of mozart in rural Alemata worda,Tigry national regional state,Ethiopia.Minch;-publishing Gambling. ♦Bugira 2002 African conflict;- There causes, there political and social environment. Addis Abeba,Ethiopia. ♦Idiom Dima,2009. Advanced comprehensive civic and ethical education. Addis Abeba;- mega publishing and distributions. ♦Habtamu Almay and Melaka Mulualem.2005. Comprehensive reviews of world institute for conflict analysis and resolution US. 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Appendix Question for interviews 1 what are the major reasons of conflict? 2 what are the consequences of conflict in this university? 3 what are the main causes of conflict in this university? 4 who is the responsible person to makes peace in Adigrat University? 5 what type of conflict resolution mechanisms in Adigrat University? 6 The impacts of inter personal conflict? 7 What are the challenges that face to resolve interpersonal conflict?
