9
Science
Quarter 3- Week 3 & 4
Module 3
Energy From the Volcanoes
AIRs - LM
Science 9
Quarter No 3 – Week 3 & 4 - Module 3: Energy from the Volcanoes
First Edition, 2021
Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I
All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.
Development Team of the Module
Author: Laarni P. Ramos
Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Illustrator: Ernesto Ramos Jr.
Management Team:
Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.
Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS
Rominel S. Sobremonte , Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Science
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II
Target
Since our country is a home to more than a hundred of volcanoes, energy has
been tapped Actually, the Philippines ranked second in the world’s production of
geothermal energy. Of the country’s total electricity production, 27% is generated in
the power plants. The production of electricity from geothermal energy is cheaper
than the electricity production using natural gas, coal and hydropower.
In this module you will learn how energy from volcanoes may be tapped for
human use and the mechanism involved in the three types of geothermal powerl
plants.
After going through this module, you are expected to attain the following
objectives:
Most Essential Learning Competency
•
Illustrate how energy from volcanoes may be tapped for human use.
(S9ES –IIIc-d-29)
Subtasks
• Identify the type of energy that can be utilized from volcanic activity;
• Investigate how energy from volcamoes may be tapped for human use
• Explain the mechanism involved in the three types of geothermal power
plants.
Pre-Test
Multiple Choice. Read the following questions and write the letter of your answer
on a separate sheet of paper. Label your paper Quarter 3 Module
3 Pre-test.
______1.
What do you call the process of producing energy through utilizing heat
trapped inside the earth?
A Hydrothermal energy
B. Geo-Thermal energy
C. Solar Energy
D. Wave energy
______2.
What do you call the hot molten rock below the surface of active volcanic
regions?
A. Igneous rocks
B. Lava
C. Magma
D. Volcano
______3.
Which of the following main source of geothermal energy?
A. Fossil
B. Water
C. Wind
D. Volcano
______4.
Who produced the first geothermally generated electricity ?
A. Colter
B.Faraday
C.Grant
D.Larderello
______5.
How many kinds of Geo thermal steams are there?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
______6.
What does EGS stand for in geothermal energy?
A. Engraved Geothermal systems
B. Enhanced geothermal system
C. Exhaust gas system
D. Engineered geo physical system
______7.
Who invented the first geothermal plant?
A. Enrico Fermi
B. Guglielmo Marconi
C. Michael Faraday
D. Piero Ginori Conti
______8.
Generally associated with volcanic areas,What do you call i the spring that
shoots jets of hot water and steam into the air ?
A. Geyser
B. Hot spring
C. Mine hole
D. Mud pot
______9.
Which kind geothermal plant is most common type?
A. Dry steam
B.Flash
C.Binary
D.Wet steam
_____10.
How much is the efficiency of geothermal plant?
A. 15%
B. 28%
C. 30%
D. 42%
_____11.
Which of the following can use the stable temperature of the earth to heat
and cool buildings?
A. A dry steam plant
C. A flash steam plant
B. A geothermal heat pump
D. A geothermal turbine
_____12.
Which of the following geothermal power plant uses hydrothermal fluids
such as steam ?
A. A dry steam power plant
B. A geothermal heat pump
C. A flash steam powerplant
D. A binary cycle power plant
_____13.
In the Philippines, which among the power plants operates as a Dry Steam
Power Plants?
A. Bacon-Manito (Bac-Man) Geothermal Power Plant
B. Makiling-Banahaw (Mak-Ban) Geothermal Field
C. Quezon power coal plant
D. Tiwi Geothermal Power Plant
_____14.
What happens if the turbine generators are smaller and operate much
longer?
A. Less power loss
B. Less sound is created
C. Resulting work is reduced
D. High power generation
How does A binary cycle plant operates?
A. It uses hydrothermal fluids such as steam in the same form as it comes
from the ground
B. Power plants burn their fuel in order to create the thermal energy to run
their external heat engine
C. It does not use water or steam to turn the turbine blades for power
generation, it used geothermal fluid at low to moderate temperature.
D. Water is water is pump from the reservoir under high pressure. The
pressure keeps the water in its liquid state despite the boiling point
temperature of the fluid. Fluid at temperatues 182*C or beyond is
pumped under high pressure, causing some of the fluid to rapidly
vaporize
_____15.
D. 5
Lesson
1
Energy from the volcanoes
Our country is a home to more than a hundred of volcanoes, energy has been
tapped from them. Actually, the Philippines ranks second in the world’s production
of geothermal energy. As of end 2003, the total installed generating capacity from
geothermal power plants was 1,931 MW, accounting for about 19% of the country’s
power generation mix. The Government has set a renewable energy target, dubbed
“100 in 10”, that aims to double the current installed generating capacity from
renewable energy sources in the next ten years. Geothermal energy will be a major
contributor to the attainment of this target, as the country also aims to become the
world’s largest geothermal energy producer, having proven geothermal as a reliable
and clean source of energy for the past 30 years.
Before you learn how energy from volcanoes may be be tapped for human
use, let us first review the different types of renewal energy.
Jumpstart
Activity 1: I know that !
All the pictures are the different types of renewal energy. Renewable energy
source never expire like fossil fuels. They will continue to be available at all the times.
Identify the different types of renewable energy that illustrated by the picture.
Choose your answer in the box. Use the attached Learner’s Copy in answering this
activity.
WIND ENERGY
SOLAR ENERGY
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
1.
HYDRO ENERGY
BIOMASS ENERGY
4.
___________________________
2.
_________________________________
5.
___________________________
3.
___________________________
Source: https://kidskonnect.com/science/geothermal-energy/
__________________________________
Discover
Volcanos are one of the most evident manifestations of the Earth’s
energy. Volcanic eruptions are fascinating natural phenomena, which have attracted
the curiosity of humans since the earliest times. Volcanos have created spectacular
landscapes that today attract millions of visitors from around the world. However,
volcanic eruptions may have significant impacts on society and the environment,
showing us the worst face of the Earth’s power. However, this same power may also
show a very different side when we consider its role in creating the Earth’s
atmosphere, allowing life to develop on our planet, and the important energy and
mineral resources associated with volcanoes.
Volcanoes are the main source of geothermal energy. Compared to the
normal geothermal gradient of about 25°C per km of depth in most of the world,
when magma (i.e. molten rock generated at the Earth’s interior) enters the crust, for
example, as a shallow intrusion beneath a volcano, this normal gradient is perturbed
locally as temperature rises around the intrusion. The extent and duration of such a
thermal anomaly depend mostly on the temperature and volume of the intruded melt.
The presence of hot magmas below the surface of active volcanic regions offers the
prospect of harnessing a huge amount of geothermal energy. The geothermal energy
is a renewable resource, as it exploits the abundant Earth’s interior heat and water,
which once used and cooled, is then piped back to the reservoir. Having the use of
this natural energy source has important implications for preserving the
environment.
The economic and energy crisis that today affects modern society
pushes us to look for cleaner and more sustainable energy sources, among which
geothermal energy occupies a prominent place. Geothermal energy associated with
volcanoes is of much higher enthalpy (i.e. energetically efficient) than other sources
such as tectonic or the geothermal gradient itself, so it offers a much better option
where available.
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal Energy has been used for thousands of years in some
countries for cooking and heating. It is simply power derived from the Earth’s internal
heat. This thermal energy is contained in the rock and fluids beneath Earth’s crust.
It can be found from shallow ground to several miles below the surface, and even
farther down to the extremely hot molten rock called magma.
How Is It Used?
These underground reservoirs of steam and hot water can be tapped to
generate electricity or to heat and cool buildings directly.
A geothermal heat pump system can take advantage of the constant
temperature of the upper ten feet (three meters) of the Earth’s surface to heat a home
in the winter, while extracting heat from the building and transferring it back to the
relatively cooler ground in the summer.
Geothermal water from deeper in the Earth can be used directly for
heating homes and offices, or for growing plants in greenhouses. Some U.S. cities
pipe geothermal hot water under roads and sidewalks to melt snow.
To produce geothermal-generated electricity, wells, sometimes a mile
(1.6 kilometers) deep or more, are drilled into underground reservoirs to tap steam
and very hot water that drive turbines linked to electricity generators. The first
geothermally generated electricity was produced in Larderello, Italy, in 1904. There
are three types of geothermal power plants: dry steam, flash, and binary. Dry steam,
the oldest geothermal technology, takes steam out of fractures in the ground and
uses it to directly drive a turbine.
Geothermal energy is generated in over 20 countries. The United States
is the world’s largest producer, and the largest geothermal development in the world
is The Geysers north of San Francisco in California. In Iceland, many of the buildings
and even swimming pools are heated with geothermal hot water. Iceland has at least
25 active volcanoes and many hot springs and geysers.
In the Philippines, geothermal power plants are used to generate
electricity in Tiwi (Albay), Kidapawan (North Cotabato), Calacan (Laguna), Tongonan
(Leyte), Bago City (Northern Negros Occidental), Valencia (Negros Oriental), and
Bacon (Sorsogon). The figure 1. below shows the Mak-Ban Geothermal Power Plant
in
Laguna.
Figure 1. Makban geothermal power plant, Philippines (source: Mitsubishi Power)
https://www.thinkgeoenergy.com/mitsubishi-power-to-upgrade-makban-geothermal-power-plant-in-philippines/
4
FIGURE 2. Generating electricity from geothermal energy
https://archive.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/solutions/technologies/geothermal.html
Power plants are built in an area where it is particularly hot just below the
surface such as near a group of geysers,hot springs, or volcanic activity.
The following steps are followed to generate electricity in a geothermal power plant:
1. Wells are drilled deep into the Earth to pump steam or hot water to the surface.
2. When the water reaches the surface, the drop in pressure causes the water to
turn into steam.
3. The steam spins a turbine, which is connected to a generator that produces
electricity.
4. Cooling tower cools the steam whichand it condenses back to water.
5. The cooled water is pumped back into the Earth to begin the process again.
There is a natural source of power found below the surface of the earth that
has been around for centuries. Underground, far below us, there are pools of water
heated by magma (or molten rocks). These pools of water make up our geothermal
reservoirs. Harnessing the power of the earth’s temperatures to power, heat or cool
our homes and businesses is the essence of geothermal power.
Geothermal power does not require the burning of any fossil fuels. The hot
water or steam used is returned to the ground after it is used where it can be used
again, which makes it a renewable energy source as well. There are three main types
of geothermal energy plants that generate power in slightly different ways.
Geothermal power plants have lower efficiency relative to other thermal power plants,
such as coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear power stations. It is commonly assumed
that only 15% of the energy from the produced geothermal fluid can be converted to
electricity.
Dry Steam Power Plant
When a geothermal power plant uses hydrothermal fluids such as steam in
the same form as it comes from the grounds, the plant is called DRY STEAM POWER
PLANTS,Here, wells are drilled into a rock until it reaches the geothermal reservoir.
Steam reaching temperature of 150*C or more travels difrectly to the turbine which
drives a generator that produces electrical energy. This type of power plants was the
first to be developed in Italy and still being used today at The Geysers in California.
In the Philippines, the Tiwi Geothermal Power Plant in Albay and
the Palinpinon Geothermal Field in Negros Island are some of the dry-steam plants
operating in the country.
Figure 3. Dry Steam Power Plant
file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/imgres.html
https://www.britannica.com/science/geothermal-energy
Flash Steam Power Plant
In this type of power plant , water is pump from the reservoir under
high pressure.The pressure keeps the water in its liquid state despite the boiling
point temperature of the fluid. Fluid at temperatues 182*C or beyond is pumped
under high pressure, causing some of the fluid to rapidly vaporize, or “flash”.The
vapor then drives a turbine, which drives a generator.if any liquid remains in the
tank, it can be flashed again in a second tank to extract even more energy.
The Bacon-Manito (Bac-Man) Geothermal Power Plant facilities
situated along Sorsogon and Albay use steam power to generate geothermal energy
in the area. The Makiling-Banahaw (Mak-Ban) Geothermal Field in Laguna, apart
from installing six binary bottoming-cycle plants in 1994, also installed two 20MWe
steam turbine units the year after.
Figure 4. Dry Steam Power Plant
https://www.britannica.com/science/geothermal-energy
https://www.google.com/search?q=geothermal+power+plant+diagram&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUK
Ewjqt6SPiNXtAhUoGaYKHVNhBc4Q_AUoAXoECA8QAw&biw=911&bih=438#imgrc=Faai3ClkQJDfjM
Binary Cycle Power Plant
A binary cycle plant operates differently from dry steam and flash steam
plants as this type does not use water or steam to turn the turbine blades for power
generation. Here, geothermal fluid at low to moderate temperature ( approximately
107.2 – 205*C) is used to heat a separate fluid that has boiling point lower than that
of water. When this fluid is vaporized, the vapor or flash is used to turn the turbine
blades and subsequently the generations.
Binary cycle power plants are closed- loop systems and virtually
nothing (except water vapor)is emitted to the atmosphere. Resources below (205*C
are the most common geothermal resources, suggesting that this power plant type
will dominate the industry in the years to come.
In our country, the Makiling-Banahaw (Mak-Ban) Geothermal Field in
Laguna was the second geothermal resource that installed six binary bottoming-cycle
plants in 1994.
FIGURE 5 Binary Cycle Power Plant
https://www.britannica.com/science/geothermal-energy
Geothermal energy is said to be one of the best ways to utilize renewable
energy — it is, in essence, environmentally friendly, it can be a stable source of
energy, and it has massive potential. The AP Renewables, Inc. (APRI) is one of the top
geothermal energy producers in the Philippines with facilities in Albay, Laguna, and
Batangas. Other companies such as Chevron Malampaya LLC. and the Philippine
National Oil Corporation-Exploration Development Corporation (PNOC-EDC) also
aids in the development of geothermal energy in the country.
Generally, harnessing and utilizing renewable energy is one of, if not
the best ways to power a country without greatly compromising the environment;
and being situated close along the Pacific Ring of Fire, the Philippines poses an even
greater potential for geothermal development.
GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. Why is geothermal energy a renewable resource?
2. What is Geothermal Energy?
3. Where does geothermal heat come from? geothermal energy found? What are
the evidences of geothermal energy?
4. What are the environmental impacts of using geothermal energy?
5. Describe are the different types of geothermal energy?
Explore
To intensify your understanding of the topic do the activities bellow
ACTIVITY 1: ENERGY FROM THE GROUND
Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source. Can you properly label how
this type of energy works? Fill in the missing terms to complete facts about
geothermal energy.
Source:http://powerphilippines.com/howdogeothermalpowerplantswork/#:~:text=In%20the%20Philip
pines%2C%20the%20Tiwi,plants%20operating%20in%20the%20country.
Geothermal means heat from the (1)_________________. This
source of heat comes from the decay of radioactive elements in the
(2)____________, plus heat from the earth’s core. High
concentrations of (3)_____________ sources occur where hot(4)
______________ rock has risen into the upper crust as plutons, or
breached the surface, such as (5)____________.
ACTIVITY 2 MODELING AND TESTING A TURBINE
Objectives :
1. Demonstrate how steam is used to turn a turbine.
2. Explain how energy can be converted from one form to another.
Background
This investigation demonstrates the use of steam for spinning of a turbine
used to generate electricity. It challenges students to design a turbine for
maximizing both speed and inertia, two of the variables important for generating
electricity. It also highlights the inter-relationship of two variables,
Speed and distance, and our ability in science to make predictions based on trends
that can be illustrated in a graph. Students engage in a process of inquiry as they
pursue the relationship between steam energy (rate of motion of pinwheel), distance
from steam kettle, or other possible variables.
Materials
Stiff paper plates
Glue gun or strong tape
Tea kettle
Ruler
Wooden dowels or popsicle sticks
Scissors
Water
Procedure:
Safety Precautions
Steam is hot; scissors and craft knives are sharp. Attention to skin
and eyes. Safety goggles are recommended.
1).Construct a turbine using the materials listed, or get creative and use other
materials to construct your turbine.
Source: https://kidskonnect.com/science/geothermal-energy/
a. Boil water in the kettle.
b. Hold the device (with tongs and oven mitt, as necessary) near the steam coming
out from the kettle. Observe what happens.
Source: https://kidskonnect.com/science/geothermal-energy/
c. Devise a safe way to vary the size of the opening from which the steam exits.
(you can use foil). Record your observations.
d. From three to five different distances, measure and graph the rotation rate.
Graphically, extrapolate the speed of rotation at a distance of zero.
GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. What do you observe about the rate of spinning as the temperature of water
changes?
2. What do you observe about the rate of spinning as the size of the opening
changes?
DISCUSSION
Where does the wheel get its power to turn? Explain how this is related to
geothermal power plants.
You are now challenged with the goal of designing an efficient turbine, and
discovering, through graphing data, something about the relationships involved in
this energy conversion from heat to motion.
Deepen
ACTIVITY 3 LET’S DO THE PROCESS
Define each vocabulary term in your own words. Then, write yourself a quick
note on how you will remember each. One term has been done for you.
Term
VOLCANOES
RENEWABLE ENERGY
Definition
How I Remember
a rupture in the
form along the
crust of a planetary-mass boundaries of Earth's
object, such as Earth, tectonic plates
that allows hot lava,
volcanic ash, and gases
to escape from a magma
chamber
below
the
surface
-
GEOTHERMAL
ENERGY
DRY STEAM POWER
PLANT
FLASH STEAM POWER
PLANT
BINARY CYCLE POWER
PLANT
GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. List five natural sources of renewable energy.
2. Cite benefits of renewable energy sources.
3. Explain why geothermal energy sources may not always be truly sustainable.
Gauge
Multiple Choice. Read the following questions and write the letter of your answer
on a separate sheet of paper. Label your paper Quarter 3 Module
3 Gauge.
______1.
Who produced the first geothermally generated electricity?
A. Colter
B.Faraday
C.Grant
D.Larderello
______2.
Which of the following main source of geothermal energy?
A. Fossil
B. Water
C. Wind
D. Volcano
______3.
What do you call the hot molten rock below the surface of active volcanic
regions?
A. Igneous rocks
B. Lava
C. Magma
D. Volcano
______4.
What do you call the process of producing energy through utilizing heat
trapped inside the earth?
A Hydrothermal energy
B. Geo-Thermal energy
C. Solar Energy
D. Wave energy
______5.
Which of the following can use the stable temperature of the earth to heat
and cool buildings?
A. A dry steam plant
B. A geothermal heat pump
C. A flash steam plant
D. A geothermal turbine
______6.
Which of the following geothermal power plant uses high-pressure hot water
from deep inside the earth and convert it to steam to drive generator
turbines?
A. A dry steam power plant
B. A geothermal heat pump
C. A flash steam powerplant
D. A binary cycle power plant
______7.
In the Philippines, which among the power plants operates as a Flash Steam
Power Plants?
A. Bacon-Manito (Bac-Man) Geothermal Power Plant
B. Palinpinon Geothermal Field
C. Quezon power coal plant
D. Tiwi Geothermal Power Plant
______8.
Which among the following is problem caused by geothermal plant?
A. Global warming
B. Greenhouse effect
C. Land usage
D. Noise pollution
______9.
What happens if the turbine generators are smaller and operate much
longer?
A. Less power loss
B. Less sound is created
C. Resulting work is reduced
D. High power generation
_____10. How can the use of geothermal energy help address climate change?
A. Increased use of geothermal energy could help reduce greenhouse gas
emissions.
B. Geothermal energy can be extracted locally, the government need not to
import fuels.
C. Power plan is quite high and there is no guarantee that the amount of
energy to be harnessed could really justify the capital.
D. Drilling on the Earth’s crust may released some poisonous gas and
minerals which could post harm to the environment
11-15
Study the figure below . Answer the questions by numbering them in the
correct order.
Source: https://www.geothermal-energy.org/pdf/IGAstandard/WGC/2005/0143.pdf
Putting them in sequential order, arranged how to generate electricity in a
geothermal power plant:
_____11. Cooling tower cools the steam which and it condenses back to water.
_____12. Wells are drilled deep into the Earth to pump steam or hot water to the
surface.
_____13. The steam spins a turbine, which is connected to a generator that produces
electricity.
_____14. The cooled water is pumped back into the Earth to begin the process again.
_____15. When the water reaches the surface, the drop in pressure causes the water
to turn into steam.
GUIDE QUESTIONS
1.Why is geothermal energy a renewable resource?
- Because its source is the almost unlimited amount of heat generated by
the Earth's core.
2. What is Geothermal Energy ?
- Geothermal energy is heat that is generated within the Earth. (Geo means
“earth,” and thermal means “heat” in Greek.) It is a renewable resource that can
be harvested for human use.
3. Where does geothermal heat come from? geothermal energy found?
What are the evidences of geothermal energy?
Geothermal energy is the heat that comes from the sub-surface of the earth. It is
contained in the rocks and fluids beneath the earth's crust and can be found as
far down to the earth's hot molten rock, magma. Hot water can be released
through geysers, hot springs, steam vents, underwater hydrothermal vents, and
mud pots. These are all sources of geothermal energy. Their heat can be
captured and used directly for heat, or their steam can be used to
generate electricity.
4. What are the environmental impacts of using geothermal energy?
The environmental effects of geothermal development and power generation
include the changes in land use associated with exploration and plant
construction, noise and sight pollution, the discharge of water and gases, the
production of foul odours, and soil subsidence.
5.Describe are the different types of geothermal energy?
There are three types of geothermal power plants: dry steam, flash, and binary.
Dry steam, the oldest geothermal technology, takes steam out of fractures in the
ground and uses it to directly drive a turbine. Flash plants pull deep, highpressure hot water into cooler, low-pressure water. The steam that results from
this process is used to drive the turbine. In binary plants, the hot water is passed
by a secondary fluid with a much lower boiling point than water. This causes the
secondary fluid to turn to vapor, which then drives a turbine. Most geothermal
power plants in the future will be binary plants.
Activity 1: ENERGY FROM THE
GROUND
1.HOT WATER
2. STEAM
3. TURBINE
4. COOLING TOWER
5. INJECTION WELL
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Pretest
1. B 6. B
2. C 7. D
3. D 8. A
4. D 9. A
5. A 10. A
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
B
A
D
C
C
EARTH
CRUST
GEOTHERMAL
MOLTEN ROCK
VOLCANOES
Answer Key
ACTIVITY 3 :
LET’S DO THE
PROCESS
Term
VOLCANOES
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
Definition
a rupture in the crust of a
planetary-mass object, such as Earth,
that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and
gases to escape from a magma
chamber below the surface
generated from natural processes that
are continuously replenished
a geothermal power plant uses
hydrothermal fluids such as steam in
the same form as it comes from the
grounds
DRY STEAM
POWER PLANT
heat that is generated within
the Earth
GEOTHERMAL
ENERGY
FLASH STEAM
POWER PLANT
BINARY
CYCLE
POWER PLANT
How I Remember
form
along
the
boundaries of Earth's tectonic
plates
- energy cannot be exhausted.
- sunlight, geothermal heat,
wind, tides, water, and
various forms of biomass
-geothermal energy can be used
for heating and cooling purposes
or be harnessed to generate clean
electricity
- usually located close to
tectonically active regions.
- the first type of geothermal
power generation plants built.
the
Makiling-Banahaw
(Mak-Ban) Geothermal Field in
Laguna
was
the
second
geothermal
resource
that
installed six binary bottomingcycle plants in 1994.
closed-loop systems, and virtually
nothing (except water vapor) is
emitted to the atmosphere.
- The vapor then drives a turbine,
which drives a generator.
- the most common type of
geothermal power generation
plants
the most common type of
geothermal power generation plants in
operation today. Fluid at temperatures
greater than 360°F (182°C) is pumped
under high pressure into a tank at the
surface held at a much lower pressure,
causing some of the fluid to rapidly
vaporize, or "flash.
-
ACTIVITY 2 MODELING AND TESTING A TURBINE
GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. (Possible answer) High temperature and high Pressure of the steam allows the
pinwheel to rotate faster.
2. (Possible answer) The rate of spinning of the turbine wiil decrease if you change
the size of the nozzle of the teakettle.
DISCUSSION
A turbine is a spinning wheel that gets its energy from a gas or liquid having past
it. A ateam turbine is powered by the energy in hot ,gaseous steam.
A tea kettle can act as a model of geothermal energy that demonstrate the use of
steam in spinning of a turbine used to generate electricity which is common in power
generation
Gauge
1.D
6. B
2.D
7. A
3.C
8. D
4.B
9. C
5.B
10. A
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
4
1
3
5
2
Activity 3:
GUIDE QUESTIONS
1.List five natural sources of renewable energy.
1.WIND ENERGY
2.SOLAR ENERGY
3.HYDRO ENERGY
4.GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
5.BIOMASS ENERGY
2. Cite benefits of renewable energy sources.
1.Generating energy that produces no greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels
and reduces some types of air pollution.
2. Diversifying energy supply and reducing dependence on imported fuels.
3. Creating economic development and jobs in manufacturing, installation, and
more.
Explain why geothermal energy sources may not always be truly sustainable.
3. 3.
GeothermaLenergy sources may not always be truly sustainable. If a
geothermal power plant uses heated water more quickly than groundwater is
replaced, the plant will eventually run out of water. In addition, the water of
many hot springs contains chemicals that damage equipment and add to
pollution.
References
Science 7 Learner’s Material, First Edition 2017 Liza A. Almarez et.al
Science 9 Science Links, Worktext for Scientific and Technological literacy,Edition
2017 Marites D. Aquino et.al
https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/07/f17/doe_teacher_guide.pdf
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