crystals crystalline structure Components unit cell BCC FCC Atomic Arrangements HCC single crystal with unit cell many unit cells (HCC x) hard-ball models Elastic Strength of Single Slipping Mechanisms Crystals Plastic Twinning b/a ratio Manu+factus shear stress mild steel anisotropic 1567 Carbon steel Slip systems Dislocations medium-carbon steel Alloy steel Overdesign Product liability Deformations Point defects impurity structural-grade alloys Volume imperfections Structure of Rapid Growth forming and machining inclusions Cotinuous MANUFACTURING Life Cycle of Product steel impediments entanglements calcium carbonate Analytical models slag Design Process coke Cold work beneficiated bituminous coal pig metal rapid cooling slow cooling foot killed steel casting of ingots Grains METALS Grain boundaries types of steel ingots english semi-killed steel iridium bar DFE knoop rockwell caliper elongation diameter graduated Ductility ENGINEERING METROLOGY d'Unites AND INSTRUMENTATION sensitivity/resolution Non-ferrous process tin bevel protractors Annealing Toughness strain graduated eyepieces accuracy sine bars Impact gold calibration silver called as deviation-type instruments Instrument drift/stability Substitutional Amorphous read on vernier scale Fatigue galvanized steel cold-working stress microscopes with precision zinc reduction degree or radians angular platinum repeat accuracy Interstitital Properties rotation comparative length brittleness malleability electrical signals electronic gages speed of response Basic Forms Fracture linear displacements to dial indicator displayed digitally Fracture standard measuring temperature Structure of Alloys PROPERTIES laser scan micrometers measurement types Monomer Equilibrium Buckling Failure OF MATERIALS knife-edge rule Alpha ferrite Defects/Intergranular straightness FERRITE Constitutional homopolymer Phase diagrams iron-iron carbide phase AUSTENITE diagram fracture dial indicator Natural Delta ferrite copolymer steel Polymers Structure Sources Synthetic flatness terpolymers carbide vernier calipers (inside OR outside LENGTHS) linear indirect reading systeme international Intermetallic Compounds gamma iron vickers Hardness metric Solid Solutions (solute)) DIMENSIONS) Measurement light by krypton86 precious metals steel (iron and carbon inside AND outside direct reading distance bet. two lead recovery copper) rimmed steel copper warm-working brinell wavelength of orange temper embrittlement brass (zinc (solute) + Mechanical DFMA casting hot shortness grain growth torsion DFS 1/10M of north pole to equator aluminum recrystallization Types of Test micrometers (thickness, continuous/strand Types Bend/Flexure rules (length, width) scratches on platinum- grain-boundary Disk in-process inspection permissible variation Design objectives vacuum furance grain-boundary slidings hot-working terms Tension compliance DFD refining embrittlement post-process inspection measurement of dimensions Dimensional Tolerance standards homologous temperature Compression DFA basic oxygen furnace Steelmaking creep DFE DFM electric furnace nucleation larger grains Fracture Engineering Metrology polycrystalline grain size Necking DFM Work hardening Ironmaking UTS DFA limestone Ferrous dislocations Stress-Strain Curve Concurrent Decline iron ore Planar imperfections yield stress Sequential Product Maturity Cast steel Metals Offset Types of Products Cast iron voids viscous Discrete Start-up Tool and die steel Alloys Imperfections/Defects small grains elastic Manufacturing Stainless steel Ferrous Metals and metal strength plastic Responsive Vacancy grain boundaries 1750 high-carbon steel Line defects interstitial atom Concepts 1683 surface plate and dial indicator methods Elasticity interferometry phenol-formaldehyde/ CEMENTITE water intergranular corrosion bakelite Condensation v-block Polymerization Process chain reaction stress corrosion Molecular Weight Addition Distribution roundness Structure Size Cross-linking elastomer chains transparent Degree of Polymerization Vulcanzation POLYMERS amorphous Linear opaqueness (betweeen) Crystallinity Polymer Chain Structures crystallite Plasticizers Classification pitting dial indicators polyethylene calipers Colorants kaolin Raw materials dispersed phase micrometers degradation least expensive thermosets optical comparator Density glass-fiver reinforced depth plastic glass Thermoset S-type and polymer matrix whiteware emery Industrial synthetic aluminum zirconia physical properties layers boron needs improvement short (discon.) techniques for optimal bonding metal-matrix composite less effective Fiber size and length no addtl. improvement CERAMICS porosity >> density, difficult to long (con.) process (binders) Application porcelain quartz lack toughness refractories Silica silicates ceramic armor Cubic boron nitride amorphous ceramics ceramic-matrix corrosive environments composite support and transfer stress Matrix functions protect the fibers lack oxidation oxides=intermediates glasses resistance at high temp. reduce propagation of cracks commercial glasses Titanium nitride epoxies graphite Nitrides fibers Sialon Cermets keramikos resist high temp. and glass former applications keramos used in critical applications continuous phase strong and stiff, but Silicon nitride tungsten fibers beams thermal cracking diamond polyesters ferrimagnetism magnetostriction COMPOSITES spalling nanophase ceramics Kevlar hygroscopic (moisture) - crisscrossed silicon carbide fibers Types carbide aramids magnetism optimal configuration high melting point tungsten carvide ferromagnetism toughest properties alignment low specific gravity partially stabilized precursors delamination prestressing zirconia pyrolysis of organic weak mechanical propertis oxide ceramics dielectric strength conductors piezolectric effect fiber pullout static fatigue dielectrics/insulators superconductors graphite strength of bond turbine Electrical Conductivity Carbon-fiber reinforced plastic critical factors bet. fiber Categories alumina/corundum/ Thermal expansion semiconductors Physical Traditional Thermal conductivity electrical resistivity Flame retardants feldspar Specific heat types Elastomer Lubricants Titanium carbide Melting Point E-type Fibers Silicon carbide galvanic corrosion discontinuous or profile elastomers crevice corosion Chemical Additives clay oxide thermoplastics Thermoplastic Stabilizers adsorption passivation indicator circular tracing Cross-linked Network bet. center with a dial corrosion resistance Branched Fillers flint Creep transducers diamagnetism
