Introduction
The traditional education system faces various challenges that affect both students and
educators. These challenges include academic fraud, credential verification, and student
data privacy. Academic fraud and plagiarism are rampant in higher education and threaten
academic integrity. Credential verification and degree authentication are also significant
concerns for students and employers, given the lack of transparency and trust in traditional
academic systems. Furthermore, student data privacy is increasingly becoming a critical
concern, particularly with the widespread use of online learning platforms and student
information systems. Blockchain technology has the potential to address these issues by
providing a secure and decentralized system for recording and sharing academic
information.
Background
Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger technology that allows secure and transparent
record-keeping. Although it is popularly known for its application in cryptocurrencies,
blockchain technology has a wide range of potential applications beyond financial
transactions. In a blockchain system, data is stored in blocks that are linked together in a
chain. Each block contains a unique code called a hash that links it to the previous block in
the chain, creating a tamper-proof system. The decentralized nature of blockchain
technology ensures that there is no single point of failure or control, making it a secure and
reliable system for recording and sharing data.
Literature Review
Several studies have explored the potential application of blockchain technology in higher
education. For instance, Wang et al. (2019) proposed a blockchain-based credentialing
system that provides a secure and transparent way to verify academic qualifications. The
system allows for the creation and management of tamper-proof digital credentials that can
be shared and verified easily. Similarly, Kim et al. (2020) proposed a blockchain-based degree
verification system that ensures the authenticity and security of academic degrees. The
system uses blockchain technology to create an immutable record of degrees that can be
easily accessed and verified by employers and other stakeholders.
Table 1: Examples of Blockchain Applications in Higher Education
Blockchain technology has the potential to address several student issues in higher
education. One potential solution is the use of blockchain-based credentialing systems that
can provide a secure and transparent way to verify academic qualifications. These systems
can create and manage tamper-proof digital credentials that can be easily shared and
verified. Another solution is the use of blockchain-based record-keeping systems that can
prevent academic fraud and ensure data privacy. These systems can use smart contracts to
automate the recording and verification of academic data, creating an efficient and secure
system.
Challenges and Limitations
Despite the potential benefits of blockchain technology in higher education, there are
several challenges and limitations that must be addressed. One significant challenge is the
lack of awareness and understanding of blockchain technology among educators and
students. Additionally, the cost and technical complexity of implementing blockchain
systems pose a significant challenge. Moreover, there are concerns around the security and
privacy of blockchain systems, particularly in terms of protecting student data from
malicious attacks.
Another limitation of blockchain technology in higher education is the potential for creating
new inequalities. For example, implementing blockchain-based credentialing systems may
require significant investment in technology and infrastructure, which may be a barrier for
smaller institutions or students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Furthermore, the use of
blockchain systems may require specialized skills and knowledge, creating a digital divide
among students and educators.