1)IDENTIFY THE GIVEN SPOTTER?
A)Type 1 Gypsum product – Dental plaster, impression.
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION AND W/P RATIO OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Composition : Dental plaster + k2So4 + Borax Coloring and flavouring agents
W/P Ratio : 0.40 + 0.75
3)WHAT IS THE SETTING REACTION AND SETTING TIME ?
A)Setting reaction: CaSo4 + ½ H2O---CaSo4.2H2O [Calcium sulfate dihydrate]
Setting time : 4+1 or 4-1 minutes
4)WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Uses: For making impressions in complete denture and maxillofacial prosthetics.
Bite registration material.
5)WHAT ARE THE FACTORS INCREASING AND DECRESING THE SETTING TIME?
A)Factors increasing the setting time :
Spatulation acceleration the setting time.
W/P – Excess water will increase the setting time and some retarders like Borax(1-2%) increase
the setting time.
Factors decreasing the setting time:
Temperature: On increasing the temperature ,rate of reaction increases and setting time is
shortened.
Some accelerators like finely powdered gypsum is added, salts like K2S04 or Na2S04(2-3%)Nacl
decreases the setting time.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Type 3 Gypsum product – dental stone model
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION AND W/P RATIO OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Composition: Alpha hemihydrate.
2-3% coloring agent
K2S04 which acts as accelerator
Borax acts as retarder
W/P Ratio: 0.28 to 0.30
3)WHAT IS THE SETTING REACTION AND SETTING TIME?
A)Setting reaction:CaS04.2H20------- CaSo4.½H2o.(alpha hemihydrate). (120-130°c under
171lbs/sq inch pressure)
Setting time :12+4 or 12-4 minutes
4)WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Uses: It is intended for the making of cast to fabricate complete denture that fit on to the soft
tissue.
Type 3 Gypsum product are preferred for casts used to process dentures because the stone has
enough strength for this purpose and the denture can easily be removed after processing.
5)WHAT ARE THE FACTORS INCREASING AND DECREASING THE SETTING TIME?
A)Factors increasing the setting time:
Manufacturing process:
If calcination is incomplete and increases gypsum is left in the final product.
W/P Ratio: increases in W/P Ratio setting time is increased.
Retarder like Borax ,acetate, Citrate increases setting time.
Factors decreases setting time :
Accelerators – K2S04,Nacl decreases setting time.
Decrease in Spatulation decreases setting time.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Type 4 gypsum product .
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION AND W/P RATIO OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Composition: Modified alpha – hemi hydrate
2 to 3 % coloring matter
K2S04, Borax.
W/P Ratio: 0.22 to 0.24.
3)WHAT IS THE SETTING REACTION AND SETTING TIME?
A)Setting reaction : CaS04.2H2O---- CaS04.½H2O( alpha hemi hydrate)
[Under 120-130°c,5 to 9hours]
Setting time : 12+4 or 12-4 minutes.
4)WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Uses : It is mainly used for its hard surface ,high strength
used inlays, crowns, bridge wax pattern.
5)WHAT ARE THE FACTORS INCREASING AND DECREASING THE SETTING TIME?
Factors increasing setting time :
Retardes like borax, citrate increases setting time
W/P ratio increases setting time
Temperature is increased setting time is increased
Factors decreasing setting time :
Mixing and Spatualtion decreases setting time .
Accelerators decreases the setting time.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Impression trays.
2)WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS TYPES/CLASSIFICATION OF TRAYS?
A)Types / classification:
a)Special trays.
b)Stock trays.
On the basis of fabrication:
a) Perforated trays. b) Non – perforated trays.
On the basis of individualized :
a)Close fitting trays. b) Loose fitting trays.
On the basis of lower and upper arch: a)Upper arch trays. b) Lower arch trays.
On the basis of presence of teeth:
a)Edentulous trays. b)Dentulous trays.
On the basis of materials:.
a)Metallic trays.
b)Non- metallic trays.
4)WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS FUNCTIONS OF A TRAY?
A)Function: To give rigid support to the impression material
It is a device a used to concise and control
To facilitate the introduction of impression material to the mouth.
For retention purpose
5)WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF A TRAY?
A)Parts :
Consider as body.
Flange
Floor
Handle
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Low fusion impression compound.
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Composition
Ingredients.
Parts
Resin
30
Copal resin.
30
Carnauba wax.
10
Stearic acid.
5
Talc.
25
Coloring and agents
3)WHAT IS THE METHODS OF MANIPULATION OF THIS SPOTTER?
Methods of manipulation
Sticks: Small amounts of compounds can be softened over flame .When direct flame is used , the
compound should not be allowed to boil or ignite ,other wise the plasticizers are volatilized.
Cakes: Large amounts of compounds are softened in warm water in a thermostatically controlled
water bath .Usually in the range of 65 to 75 degree Celsius .After the compound is removed from
the water bath, it is usually kneaded with fingers in order to obtain uniform plasticity throughout
the man.
Loading the tray: A slightly over sized tray is selected , the softened materials is loaded on to the
tray and quickly seated on to the times to be recorded .
Any delay can cause the impression to harden prematurely.
If the compound is too hot, it may be tempered briefly immersion while it is still soft.
4)WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
Uses:
•For making a preliminary impression in an edentulous mouth.
•For impression of full crown preparations where gingival tissues must be displaced.
•Peripheral tracing or border molding .
•To check under cuts in inlay preparation.
•To make a special tray.
5)WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THIS SPOTTER ?
Advantages
•The material can be reused a number of times in case of errors.
•In accurate portions can be remade without having to remake the entire impression.
•Accuracy can be improved by flaming the surface.
•The material has sufficient body to support itself especially in peripheral portions .It does not
collapse completely if unsupported by the tray
Disadvantages
•Records less detail because of its high viscosity
•Compress soft tissues during impression
•Distortion due to its poor dimensional stability.
•Difficult to remove if there are severe under cuts.
•There is always the possibility of overextension especially in the peripheries.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Green stick compound .
2)WHAT IS THE METHODS OF MANIPULATION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Methods of manipulation :
Direct flame at a distance to soften the material.
The stick compound is rotated so that it gets softened uniformly.
Once the materials is uniformly softened ,it is tempered in water bath before placing in patients
mouth.
3)WHAT IS THE FUSION TEMPERATURE OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Fusion of temperature:
The temperature at which the material looses ,its hardness or brittleness on heating or forms a
rigid mass upon cooling is referred to as fusion temperature .
The value is 43.5 degree Celsius.
4)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)uses: Low fusing green stick compound is used for border molding.
5)WHAT ARE THE SYNONYMS OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Pinnacle sticks
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Shellac base plate wax.
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)composition:
Paraffin or ceresin
– 80%
Bees wax.
– 12%
Carnauba
– 2.5%
Natural or synthetic resins – 3%
Micro crystalline
– 2.5%
3)WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Uses: •To make occlusion rims
•To form the contour of the denture after teeth are set
•To make patterns for orthodontics appliances and other prosthesis which
are to be constructed of plastics.
•Checking the occlusal clearance after crown preparation.
•Extensions of impression trays
•Holding artificial teeth to base plate
•Space in custom tray for complete dentures.
4)WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THIS SPOTTER ?
A)Advantages:
•Base plate wax on outer surface gives better surface(finishing lines).
•Acyclic on inner surface allows better time adaptation .
•Ease of use.
•Minimal wastage of use .
•It can be reused.
Disadvantages:
•Even thickens cannot be maintained or obtained
•porosities may be unavoidable
•Time consuming.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Zinc oxide eugenol impression paste.
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Base paste:
Zinc oxide
- 87%
Vegetable or mineral oil - 13%
Accelerator paste :
Oil of cloves or eugenol
Gum or polymerized rosin
- 13%
- 50%
Filler (Silica type )
- 20%
Lanolin
- 3%
Resinous balsam
CaCl2 and color
- 0%
- 5%
3)WHAT IS THE SETTING REACTION AND METHODS TO INCREASE THE SETTING
REACTION?
A) It is a typical acid – base reaction to form a chelate .
It is also known as Chelation.
Product is Zinc eugenolate.
ZnO + H2O ----- Zn(OH)2
Zn(OH)2
(Base)
+
2HE
-----
(Acid eugenol)
ZnE2
+
(zinc eugenolate)
2H2O.
( water )
Methods to increase the setting reaction:
•Setting reaction can be altered by mixing and spatulation.
•Setting reaction can be increased with the use of more reactive oxide.
•Setting time can be accelerated by using accelerators such as zinc acetate and CaCl2.
4)WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)•For making secondary impression of completely edentulous arches.
•As dental relining material.
•Used for interocclusal bite registration.
•As a surgical pack paste of periodontal wound healing.
5)WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Advantages:
•Dimensionally stable material.
•Good surface details.
•Can be reinforced with wax or compound for bite registration.
•It has enough working time to complete border molding.
•Does not require separating media .
Disadvantages:
•It requires a special tray for impression making .
•It is sticky in nature and adheres to tissues.
•Eugenol can cause burning sensation and tissue irritation.
•It cannot be used for making impression of teeth and undercut areas as it is inelastic in nature.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Agar – agar reversible hydrocolloid.
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Composition:
Agar
Borates
Potassium sulphate
– 13-17%
– 0.2-0.5%
– 1-2%
Wax , hard
– 0.5-1%
Thixotropic materials
– 0.3-0.5%
Alkylbenzoates
– 0.1%
Coloring and flavouring agents – traces
Water
– Balance (around 84%)
3)WHAT IS THE SETTING REACTION?
A)The physical changes of agar from sol to gel is induced by lowering of temperature.
The gel liquiefies to sol when it is heated to a temperature known as Liquefaction
temperature(70-100°c).
When the sol is cooled ,it becomes a gel at a point known as Gelation temperature (between 37°c
and 50°)
Gel -------- sol (70-100°c,∆]
Gel ------- sol (35-50°c, cooled)
4)WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)•Widely used at present in cast duplication.
• For full mouth impression without deep undercuts.
• It was used extensively for fixed partial denture impression prior to elastomers.
•Ad a tissue conditioner.
5)WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Advantages:
•Accurate dies can be prepared ,if the material is properly handled.
•Good elastic properties help reproduce most undercut areas.
•It has good recovery for distortion.
•Hydrophilic , moist mouth not a problem.
•It is economical when compared to synthetic elastic material.
•It can be reused when used as duplicating material.
•Low cost because it can be reused.
Disadvantages:
•Does not flow well when compared to newly available materials.
•It cannot be electroplated.
•Only one model can be poured.
•Requires special and expensive equipment.
•Has to be poured immediately cannot be stored for too long.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Alginate impression material( Irreversible hydrocolloid).
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION AND W/P RATIO OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Composition:
Ingredients
Sodium or potassium or triethanolamine alginate.
%wt.
Functions
15%
Dissolves in water and reacts with ca2+.
Reacts with potassium Alginate and forms
Calcium sulfate.
16%
Zinc oxide.
4%
Acts as filler.
Potassium titanium fluoride.
3%
Gypsum hardener.
Diatomaceous earth
60%
Acts as filler.
Sodium phosphate
2%
Coloring and flavouring agents
Trace
insoluble calcium Alginate.
Reacts with Ca2So4.
Orange etc.
W/P ratio - 2parts alginate to 3parts water.
3)WHAT IS THE SETTING REACTIO AND FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SETTING
REACTION?
A)Setting reaction:
Reaction 1 : 2Na3Po4+3CaSo4---→Ca3(Po4)+3Na2So4.
Reaction 2 :𝐒𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐦 𝐚𝐥𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞 + 𝐂𝐚𝐒𝐨𝟒 + +𝐇𝟐𝐎−→ 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐢𝐮𝐦 𝐚𝐥𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐠𝐞𝐥 + 𝐍𝐚𝟐𝐒𝐨𝟒.
Factors influencing setting reaction:
The final gel i.e., insoluble calcium alginate is produced when soluble sodium alginate reacts with
calcium sulfate. However this reaction proceeds too fast.
There is not enough working time, so the reaction is delayed by addition of retarders.
Calcium sulfate prefers to react with the retarders first only after the supply of the retarders is
over thus calcium sulfate reacts with sodium alginate.
This delays the reaction and ensures the adequate working time for the dentist.
4)WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)•It is used for impression making.
-When there are undercuts.
-In mouths with excessive flow of saliva.
-For partial dentures with clasps.
• For making preliminary impression for complete dentures.
• For impressions to make study models and working casts.
• For duplicating models.
5)WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THIS SPOTTER
A) Advantages:

It is easy to mix and manipulate.

Minimum requirement of equipment.

Flexibility of the set impression.

Accuracy if properly handled.

Low cost.

Comfortable to the patient.

It is hygienic, as fresh material must be used for each impression.

It gives a good surface detail even in presence of saliva.
Disadvantages:

Cannot be electroplated so metal dies are not possible.

It cannot be corrected.

Distortion may occur without it being obvious if the material is not held steady while it is setting.

Poor dimensional stability- It cannot be stored for long time.

Poor tear strength.

Because of these drawbacks and the availability of better materials.
It is not recommended where a higher degree of accuracy is required.
E.g.: Cast Removable Partial Dentures, Crowns, Fixed dental prosthesis etc.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Polysulfide-elastomeric impression materials.
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Composition
Base plate – Ingredients
Liquid polysulfide polymer
Inert fillers(Titanium dioxide, zinc and sulfate,
copper carbonate or silica)
80-85%
16-18%
Reactor paste – Ingredients
Lead dioxide
60-68%
Dibutyl phthalate
30-35%
Sulfur
3%
Other substances like magnesium, stearate and
deodorants
2%
3) WHAT IS THE SETTING REACTION?
A) setting reaction : The reaction is exothermic with 3-4°c rise in temperature.
𝐇𝐒 − 𝐑 − 𝐒𝐇 − −→ 𝐇𝐒 − 𝐑 − 𝐒 − 𝐒 − 𝐑 − 𝐒𝐇 + 𝐇𝟐𝐎
Mercaptan + lead dioxide ------polysulfide+ Water.
4) WHAT ARE VARIOUS USES OF SPOTTERS?
A)•Used to increase the accuracy of impression.
•Light and medium body materials are used for full- denture impression.
•Used to bond the impression material to a non-Perforated tray .
5)WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE GIVEN SPOTTER?
A) Advantages.
•Polysulfides reproduce surface details very accurately.
•The material is highly compatible with model plaster and high strength stoves.
•Impressions can be easily electroplated.
•They have excellent shelf life when stored at lower temperature in a refrigerator.
•The resistance of these materials to tear, which is 4000gm/cm is about eight times greater than
hydrocolloids.
Disadvantages
•Unpleasant odour.
•Staining due to lead dioxide .
•Effort to mix base and catalyst.
•Long setting time.
•Moderately high shrinkage and fairly high permanent deformation.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Condensation silicon – impression material.
2) WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Composition
Base paste
Poly dimethyl siloxane
– 80-85%
Colloidal silica
– 35- 75%
Color pigment
– 16-18%
Reactor paste/ Accelerator
Orthoethyl silicate
– crosslinking agent
Stannous octoate
– catalyst
3) WHAT IS THE SETTING REACTION ?
A)Setting reaction:
CH3
OC2H5
OH-Si-OH + C2H5O-Si-OC2H5----→Silicone rubber+CH3CH2OH
CH3
OC2H5
Dimethyl siloxane + Orthoethyl silicate -----Silicone rubber+ ethylalcohol
4) WHAT ARE VARIOUS USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Uses
•It offers superior consistency and constituent physical properties
•It is useful in processing cold cure acrylic partials repairs, lines and denture bases.
5) WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ?
A)Advantages
• It does not have bad odor of polysulfides
•It has the basic advantages of elastomeric impression materials
Disadvantages
•It has limited shelf life.
•Due to by products formed during the chemical reaction , impression cannot be kept for
extended period of time.
•Dimensional stability is affected because of the evaporation of alcohol.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Additional silicones – polyvinyl siloxane.
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Composition:
Base paste
Poly methyl hydrogen siloxane
Other siloxane prepolymers
Fillers ( Amorphous silica or fluorocarbon)
Palladium – hydrogen absorber
Retarders
Coloring agents
Reactor paste
Divinyl poly siloxane
Other siloxane prepolymers
Platinum salt – catalyst
Fillers
3)WHAT IS THE SETTING REACTION ?
A) CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
Si - H +CH2= CH – Si -----> Si – CH2 - CH2 - Si
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
Vinyl siloxane + silane siloxane ------ silicone rubber
4) WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS USES AND CONSISTENCIES AVAILABLE OF THIS
SPOTTER?
A)Uses: For ideal crown impressions ,bridges , fixed prosthesis,orthodontics models ,mouth
guards or bleaching trays.
Available consistencies: Light bodies
Medium bodies
Heavy bodies
Putty
5)WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES AND AVAILABILITY OF THE
GIVEN SPOTTER ?
A)Advantages:
Most dimensionally stable impression material
Additional silicone impressions can be kept for up to 7 days of making the impression.
This impression material is available in various consistence and hence can be utilized for all
clinical situations.
Disadvantages
The main disadvantage is hydrophobic nature.
Sulfur contamination from latex gloves helps in inhibition of setting reaction of addition silicone
impression material .
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Polyether – impression material.
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) composition:
Ingredients
Base paste
Poly ether polymer
30 – 85%.
Colloidal silica
Filler.
Glycol ether or phthalate
Plasticizer.
Reactor/accelerator paste
Aromatic sulfonate ester
Cross linking agents.
Colloidal silica
Filler.
Phthalate or glycol ether
Plasticizer.
3)WHAT IS THE SETTING REACTION?
A) Polyether + sulfonic ester --- Cross-linked rubber.
4)WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Taking impression when producing dental restorations.
To provide accurate impressions in moist conditions.
5)WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Advantages:
Pleasant odour and taste.
Dimensional stability is very good.
Tear strength is good.
It is hydrophilic.
It has excellent detail reproduction.
Disadvantages:
The sulfonic ester may cause skin reactions.
Composite based provisional crown materials have an inhibitory effect on poly vinyl siloxanes
setting reaction.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Separating media.
2)WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS TYPE OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Tin foil.
Cellulose lacquers.
Solution of alginate compounds.
Calcium oleate.
Soft soaps.
Sodium silicate.
Starches.
3)WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)To prevent water from the mold entering into acrylic resin.
(Reason: This may affect the rate of polymerization and the color, it can also result in crazing.
To prevent monomer penetrating into the mold material, causing plaster to adhere to the
acrylic resin and producing a rough surface.
Helps in easier retrieval of the denture from the mold.
4)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Sodium alginate solution composition:
2%Sodium alginate in water,glycerine, alcohol, sodium phosphate and preservatives.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Heat activated denture base acrylic resin.
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Composition:
Powder
Poly(methyl methacrylate).
Major component.
Ethyl or butyl methacrylate.
Copolymers.
Benzoyl peroxide.
Initiator.
Compounds of mercuric sulfide, cadmium sulfide, etc.
Dyes.
Zinc or Titanium oxide.
Opacifiers.
Dibutyl phthalate.
Plasticizer.
Inorganic fillers like glass, fibers ,zirconium silicate,
Improves physical properties like stiffness
alumina etc.
etc.
Dyed synthetic nylon or acrylic fibers.
To simulate small capillaries.
Liquid
Methyl methacrylate.
Plasticizes the polymer.
Dibutyl phthalate.
Plasticizer.
Glycol dimethacrylate.
Cross linking agent.
Hydroquinone.
Inhibitor prevents premature
polymerization.
3)WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS PHYSICAL STAGES AND CHEMICAL STAGES OF
SETTING REACTION?
A) Physical stages of polymerization:
Stage1 : Wet sand stage -The polymer gradually settles in to the monomer forming a fluid,
incoherent mass.
Stage2 : Sticky stage- The monomer attacks the polymer by penetrating in to the polymer. The
mass is sticky and stringy when touched or pulled apart.
Stage 3: Dough or gel stage- As monomer diffuses in to the polymer, it becomes smooth and
dough like .It does not adhere to the walls of the jar .It consists of undissolved polymer. The mass
is plastic and homogeneous and can be packed in to the mold at this stage.
Stage 4: Rubbery stage- The monomer disappears by further penetration in to the polymer
and/or evaporation. The mass is rubber like ,non-plastic , cannot be molded.
Stage 5: Stiff stage- The mass is totally unworkable and is discarded.
Chemical stage:
1.Induction: Two process control induction. Activation and initiation.
2.Propagation: For addition polymer to begin a source of free radical it is required.
3.Chain transfer.
4.Termination.
4)WHAT IS THE WORKING TIME AND SETTING TIME ?
A) Working time: It is time, elapsing between stage 2and the beginning of stage 4.
It should be atleast 5minutes.
Setting time: Full dough like consistency will take less than 40minutes.
5)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) They may act as reservoir for microorganisms.
Used as a permanent denture base material.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Self curing or cold cure or Auto polymerizing resins or chemically activated denture base
acrylic resin.
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Composition:
Powder
Poly(methacrylate)and other compounds
Forms the resin matrix.
Benzoyl peroxide
Initiator
Compounds of mercuric sulfide, cadmium sulfide
Dyes
Zinc or Titanium oxide
Opacifiers
Dibutyl phthalate.
Plasticizer
Dyed organic fillers and inorganic particles like glass fibers or
beads.
Esthetics
Liquid
Methyl methacrylate monomer
Dissolves
polymer
Di methyl p- toluidine
Activator
Di butyl phthalate
Plasticizer
Glycol dimethacrylate (1-2%)
Cross-linking agent
Hydroquinone (0.006%)
Inhibitor
3)WHAT IS THE SETTING TIME AND WORKING TIME OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Setting time : 3minutes.
Working time : 3minutes 20seconds.
4)WHAT ARE THE USES AND VARIOUS PHYSICAL STAGES OF POLYMERISATION OF
THIS SPOTTER?
A)For making temporary crowns and fixed dental prosthesis.
For denture repair, relining, rebasing
For construction of special tray.
For making removable orthodontic appliances
For making temporary and permanent dentures bases.
For making inlays and post and core patters.
Physical stages:
Sandy stage- where a fluid mass occurs due to the setting of the polymer in to the monomer.
Stringy or fibrous stage- Where the monomer starts to attack the polymer. In this stage the mass
is sticky and tacky
Smooth and dough like stage- where the monomer diffuses in to the polymer.
Rubber like stage- Further penetration of monomer in to polymer.
5)WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE SPOTTER?
A)Better initial fit , which is because the curing is carried out at room temperature. Thus there is
less thermal contraction.
Color stability is inferior to that of heat cure resin, due to subsequent oxidation of the tertiary
amine.
Slightly inferior properties because the degree of polymerization of self curing acrylics is less than
that of heat cured ones.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Modelling wax, type 2wax.
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) composition:
Paraffin or ceresin.
– 80%
Bees wax.
– 12%
Carnauba.
- 2.5%
Natural or synthetic resins– 3%
Micro crystalline
-2.5%
3)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) To make occlusal rims.
To form the contour of denture after teeth are set.
To make patterns for orthodontic appliances and other prosthesis which are to be construed of
plastics.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Beading wax.
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Base
- paraffin wax 60%
Modifier - Carnauba wax 2.5%
Bees wax 5%
Gum dammar 1%
3)WHAT ARE THE DIMENSIONS OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)4-6mm wide
10-15 mm thick
4)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Used to build up vertical walls around the impression, in order to pour the stone and make
cast.
This procedure is known as boxing.
Preserves the extension and landmarks.
Controls thickness and border.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Boxing wax.
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)paraffin – 60% - Base wax.
Carnauba. -25% - modifier wax.
ceresin
bee wax
- 10% - modifier wax
- 5%
-colorant.
3)WHAT ARE THE DIMENSIONS OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)4-6 mm wide
10-15mm thick.
4)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Preserves the extension and landmarks , control the form and thickness of the base and the
cast.
Used to buildup vertical walls around the impression.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Alu wax.
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)paraffin
Ceresin
Beeswax
Also metals like copper or aluminum.
3)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) To make functional impression of free end saddles.
To record the posterior palatal seal in dentures.
Functional impression for obturators.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Sticky wax
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Consists of mainly -Yellow bee wax ,rosin , natural resins like gum dammer.
3)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Used for joining metal parts before soldering and for joining fragments of broken denture
before repair procedure. A variety of other uses , mainly joining are possible with this wax.
1) IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Inlay wax
2) WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Paraffin wax (40 TO 60%)
Ceresin (10%)
Gum damar (1%)
Carnauba wax (25%)
Candelilla wax
Synthetic waxes
3) WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) The pattern for inlays, crowns, FPD’s is first made in wax and then replaced by metal during
casting
Direct technique & Indirect technique- if the pattern is made directly on the tooth. It is said to be
direct technique. If it is made on a replica, it is said as indirect technique.
4) WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS TYPES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Class 1 Soft—Extraoral or laboratory use
Class 2 Hard—Intraoral use
1)IDENTIFY THE GIVEN SPOTTER?
A)Sprue wax
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Paraffin wax 60%
Cersin5%
Gum damar 3%
Carnauba wax 20%
Bee wax 5%
Synthetic resin 2%
3)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) it is specifically formulated and designed to be used as a sprue
Used as a pin to flow the metal
Minimized distortion
Easy to manipulate
Easy for burn out
1)WHAT IS THE ADA SPECIFICATION NUMBER OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) The ADA specification number 2 for inlay investments
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Silica 60 to 65%
Alpha-hemihydrate (dental stone) 30 to 35%
Chemical modifiers 5%
3)WHAT IS THE SETTING REACTION OF THIS SPOTTER?
The setting reaction is similar to dental stone. When the water is mixed, the hemihydrate reacts to
form dihydrate which sets to form a solid mass which binds the silica particles together.
4)WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Advantages: For casting of inlays, fixed partial dentures, removable partial dentures using gold
alloys and other low fusing alloys.
Disadvantages: Because of low strength and high thermal expansion, a more precise burnout
process and destruction of mold id required.
1)WHAT IS THE ADA SPECIFICATION NUMBER OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) The ADA specification number 2 for inlay investments
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Ammonium diacid phosphate NH4H2PO4
Silica
Magnesium oxide
Carbon
3)WHAT IS THE SETTING REACTION OF THIS SPOTTER?
At room temperature ammonium diacid phosphate reacts with magnesium oxide to give the
investment green strength or room temperature strength.
4)WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Advantages: -For casting of high fusing alloys like high fusing noble metal alloys, metal
ceramic alloys and base metal alloys like nickel-chromium and cobalt-chromiuim.
-High mold strength
-Less cracking of casting
-They can also provide setting & thermal expansions high enough
Disadvantages: -Difficult to divest (removal of casting from the investment)
-When used with high temperature melting alloys, it results in mold breakdown and rough surface
casting.
1)WHAT IS THE ADA SPECIFICATION NUMBER OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) The ADA specification number 2
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Ammonium diacid phosphate NH4H2PO4
Refractory material- Silica
Binder- silica gel or ethyl silicate.
Modifier- magnesium oxide (strengthens the gel) and ammonium chloride (accelerator)
3)WHAT IS THE SETTING REACTION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)The setting reaction is as follows
4)WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Advantages- low fired strength (easy removal of casting)
-High permeability leads to sharply defined castings.
-It offers high ability to cast cobalt-chromium and nickel-chromium alloys
-Attains good surface finishes, low distortion and high thermal expansion (good fit).
Disadvantages- Ethyl silicate has the disadvantage of containing inflammable components which
are required for manufacture.
-Because of low strength and high thermal expansion, a more precise burnout process and
destruction of mold id required.
1) IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) cobalt chromium metal pellet
2) WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) major element 90% by weight
Cobalt 35–65%
Chromium 28–30%
Nickel 0–30%
Minor elements 30% by weight
Molybdenum 3–6%
Silicon & manganese
Carbon up to 0.2%
3) WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) It is used interchangeably with cobalt.
1) IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) 18-8 stainless steel wire
2) WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Chromium — 18%
Nickel — 8%
Carbon — 0.08-0.15%
3) WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) This alloy is also known as 18-8 stainless steel. They are commonly used by orthodontists and
pedodontists in the form of bands and wires.
1) IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Nickel-chromium metal pellet
2) WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Major element: 90% by weight
Nickel 70-80%
Chromium 12-20%
Minor Elements 10% by weight
Molybdenum- 3-6%
Aluminium 2-6%
Beryllium 0.5%
Silicon & Manganese
3) WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) -Nickel combines with chromium to form a highly corrosion resistant alloy.
-They most commonly bare the metal alloy used in the metal ceramic prosthesis.
1) IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Gold alloy
2) WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES & COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)
Type
%Au
%Cu
%Ag
%Pd
%Pt
%In, Sn,
Fe, Zn, Ga
I
83
6
10
0.5
-
II
77
7
14
1
-
III
75
9
11
3.5
-
IV
69
10
12.5
3.5
3
Balanced
3) WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) -These alloys are not only less expensive but also tarnish resistant and corrosion resistant
-their properties are compaitable with type IV and type III gold alloys
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Titanium Alloy
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Titanium- 79%
Zirconium- 6%
Molybdenum- 11%
Stannum-4%
3)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) The beta form is useful in orthodontics. The titanium alloys are supplied as precut arch wires
usually in rectangular cross section.
4)WHAT ARE THE TYPES/ CLASSIFICATION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Alpha alloys
Beta alloys
Alpha & Beta alloys
Pseudo alpha alloys
Pseudo beta alloys
Alloys consisting of intermetallic compounds
Near alpha alloys and metastable beta alloys
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Zinc oxide eugenol cement
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION AND FUNCTION OF EACH INGREDIENT OF THIS
SPOTTER?
A) Powder:
Zinc oxide- Principal ingredient
White rosin- To reduce brittleness of set cement
Zinc stearate- Accelerator, plasticizer
Zinc acetate- Accelerator, improves strength
Magnesium oxide Is added in some powders, acts with eugenol in a similar manner as
zinc oxide
Liquid:
Eugenol- Reacts with zinc oxide
Olive oil- Plasticizer
3)WHAT IS THE SETTING REACTION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) In the first reaction hydrolysis of zinc oxide takes place. Water is essential for the reaction
(dehydrated zinc oxide will not react with dehydrated eugenol).
The reaction proceeds as a typical acid-base reaction.
The chelate formed is an amorphous gel that tends to crystallize imparting strength to the set
mass.
4)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) -Long-term cementation.
-Temporary and intermediate restorations.
-Root end filling material.
5) WHAT ARE THE ADVANCES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) The modified forms of ZOE cement are
-EBA-Alumina modified cements
-Polymer reinforced
-Endodontic sealers
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Zinc phosphate cement
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION AND FUNCTION OF EACH INGREDIENT OF THIS
SPOTTER?
A) Powder:
Zinc oxide- Principal constituent
Magnesium oxide- Aids in sintering
Other oxides (like bismuth trioxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, etc.)- Improves smoothness of
mix
Silica- Filler, aids in sintering
Liquid:
Phosphoric acid- Reacts with zinc oxide
Water- Controls rate of reaction
Aluminum phosphate or sometimes zinc phosphate- Buffers, to reduce rate of reaction
Aluminium
Zinc
3)WHAT IS THE SETTING REACTION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) When the powder is mixed with liquid, phosphoric acid attacks the surface of the particles and
releases zinc ions. The aluminium in the liquid is essential for cement formation. The aluminium
complexes with the phosphoric acid and the zinc ions to form a zinc aluminophosphate gel. The
reaction is exothermic.
4)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) -Good compressive strength
-Long track record with proven reliability.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Zinc polycarboxylate cement
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION AND FUNCTION OF EACH INGREDIENT OF THIS
SPOTTER?
Powder:
Zinc oxide Basic ingredient
Magnesium oxide Principal modifier and also aids in sintering
Oxides of bismuth and aluminum Small amounts
Stannous fluoride Increases strength, modifies setting time and imparts anticariogenic Properties
Liquid:
Aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid or copolymer of acrylic acid with other unsaturated
carboxylic acids, i.e. itaconic, maleic, or tricarballylic acid.
3)WHAT IS THE SETTING REACTION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) When the powder and liquid are mixed, the surface of powder particles are attacked by the
acid, releasing zinc, magnesium and tin ions. These ions bind to the polymer chain via the
carboxyl groups. They also react with carboxyl groups of adjacent polyacid chains to form crosslinked salts.
4)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) -Comparatively less irritating to the pulp.
-Chemical bond to tooth structure
1) IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Type I GIC
2) WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION AND FUNCTION OF EACH INGREDIENT OF THIS
SPOTTER?
A) Powder:
Silica (SiO)2 41.9
Alumina (Al2O3) 28.6
Aluminum fluoride (AlF3) 1.6
Calcium fluoride (CaF2) 12.7
Sodium fluoride (NaF) 9.3
Aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) 3.6
Liquid:
Polyacrylic acid in the form of copolymer with itaconic acid, maleic acid and tricarballylic acid.
Tartaric acid
Water
3) WHAT IS THE POWDER TO LIQUID RATIO AND SETTING REACTION OF THIS
SPOTTER?
A) 1.5 : 1 (gives film thickness of <20 microns)
Setting reaction:
Leaching- When the powder and liquid are mixed together, the acid attacks the glass particles.
Thus calcium, aluminium, sodium and fluoride ions leach out into the aqueous medium.
Calcium cross links- The initial set occurs when the calcium ions cross-links (binds) the
polyacrylic acid chains. This forms a solid mass.
Aluminum cross links- In the next phase, the aluminum also begins to cross-link with polyacrylic
acid chains.
Sodium and fluorine ions- sodium ions combine with fluorine to form sodium fluoride which is
uniformly distributed within the cement
Hydration- Initially it serves as the medium.Later it slowly hydrates the matrix, adding to the
strength of the cement (maturation process).
Silica gel sheath- The unreacted glass (powder) particle is sheathed (covered) by a silica gel. It is
formed by the leaching of the ions (Ca²+, Al³+, Na+, F¯) from the outer portion of the glass
particle.
4) WHAT IS THE METHOD OF MANIPULATION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) -Conditioning of tooth surface.
-Proper manipulation.
-Protection of cement during setting.
-Finishing.
5) WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
-Better properties due to controlled P/L ratio.
-Less mixing time required.
-Convenient delivery system.
1) IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Type II GIC
2) WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION AND FUNCTION OF EACH INGREDIENT OF THIS
SPOTTER?
A) Powder:
Silica (SiO)2 41.9
Alumina (Al2O3) 28.6
Aluminum fluoride (AlF3) 1.6
Calcium fluoride (CaF2) 12.7
Sodium fluoride (NaF) 9.3
Aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) 3.6
Liquid:
Polyacrylic acid in the form of copolymer with itaconic acid, maleic acid and tricarballylic acid.
Tartaric acid
Water
3) WHAT IS THE POWDER TO LIQUID RATIO AND SETTING REACTION OF THIS
SPOTTER?
A) 3: 1 or greater
Setting reaction:
4) WHAT IS THE METHOD OF MANIPULATION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) -Conditioning of tooth surface.
-Proper manipulation.
-Protection of cement during setting.
-Finishing.
5) WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
-Anterior esthetic restorations for class III and class IV restorations
- for luting restoration for primary teeth
- for eroded area
- for core build up
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Silver Amalgam
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION AND P/L RATIO OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Composition :Silver – 63.70%
Tin – 26.29%
Copper – 2.5%
Zinc – 0.2%
•P/L ratio 1:1
3)WHAT IS THE METHOD OF MANIPULATION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Methods of Manipulation
1.Titration
2.Mulling.
3.Condensation
4.Shaping and Finishing
4)WHAT IS THE SETTING REACTION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Setting reaction :-
Ag3Sn + Hg ---------> Ag2Hg3 + Sn2Hg + Ag3Sn
5)WHAT ARE THE USES, MODIFICATION AND ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) As a Restorative Material
Modifications:-Gallium Alloys
-Indium containing Alloys
-Low Mercury Amalgam
-Chloride containing Amalgam
Advantages:- Conservative preparation
Repairing and Extorting Restoration
Disadvantages:- Risk of Mercury toxicity
Galvanic action
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Dycal – is a rigid, self-setting, radiopaque Ca(OH)2
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)
Composition:-
Base Paste :
1,3 methyl trimethylene disalicylate with Ca(OH)2 and ZnO
Zinc Oxide
Calcium Sulphate
Calcium Tungstate - provides radiopacity.
lron oxide
- pigments render color
Catalyst paste :
Calcium Hydroxide – primary ingredient
Zinc Oxide – primary ingredient
N-ethyl- O/P Toluene sulfonamide acts as plasticizer.
Titanium Oxide – provides radiopacity
Zinc Stearate – accelerator
Iron Oxide pigments – renders color.
3)WHAT IS THE METHOD OF MANIPULATION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Manipulation:The two parts are dispended on paper pad supplied by manufacturer.
Mixed to obtain a uniform color.
The mixed material set in 2 ½ to 3 ½ minutes on mixing pad. But in clinical situations it sets much
faster.
The setting time is shorter in mouth due to moisture and temperature.
Increased humidity and elevated temperature will reduce the available work time and set time.
4)WHAT IS THE SETTING REACTION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Setting Reaction:Ca(OH)2 + 1-methyl trimethylene disalicylate ----------5)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A). Uses:- for direct and indirect pulp capping as low strength bares.
Apexification procedure in young permanent teeth.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Mineral Trioxide Aggregate MTA
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Composition:Tricalcium Silicate hydration Bismuth Oxide – Radiopacity
Calcium Sulphate Dihydrate – Retarder Tetra calcium Aluminoferrite – Impact gray in color in
MTA
3)WHAT IS THE METHOD OF MANIPULATION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Method of Manipulation :Open pouch of MTA Root Repair material and dispence the powder onto a mixing pad. Liquid
from ampoule squeeze out onto the mixing pad next to the powder. Gradually incorporate the
liquid into cement with a plastic spatula.
4WHAT IS THE SETTING REACTION OF THIS SPOTTER?
Setting Reaction :- MTA + Water ------------------------- Calcium Hydroxide + Calcium Silicate
Hydrate
5)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
Uses:-Vital Pulp Therapy (pulp capping and pulpotomy)
Apexification Perforation repair
Root-End filling
Internal bleeding
Resorption Repair
As sealer and as obturating material.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Cavity Varnish
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Composition:Natural green such as Copal, resin or Synthetic resin dissolved in an organic solvent like alcohol,
acetone or ether.
Medicinal agents such as chlorobutanol, thymol and eugenol may be added.
Some varnishes also contain fluorides.
3)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Uses:It reduce passage of irritants into the dentinal tubules.
In Amalgam restorations, they also prevent penetration of corrosion products into dentinal
tubules.
Releases fluoride, (fluoride contains varnishes)
Varnishes may be used as a surface coating over certain restoration to protect them from
dehydration
4) WHAT ARE THE CONTRADICTIONS OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Composite resins : The solvent in the varnish may react with resin.
Glass Ionomer : Varnish eliminates the potential for adhesion, if applied between glass ionomer
cement and the cavity
When therapeutic action is expected from the overlying cement, Eg Zinc Oxide Eugenol and
Calcium Hydroxide.
1) IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
Composite Syringe
2) WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
Composition:Resin matrix : Bis-GMA or Urethane dimethacylate
Filler – Quartz ; colloidal silica or heavy metal glass
Coupling agent : Organosilane
3)WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THIS SPOTTER?
Advantages:Highly esthetic tooth colored restoration possible
Multiple curing systems allow choice of working time.
Relatively ease of placement
Moderately strong and durable.
Easy to repair
Does not corrode when compared to amalgam.
Disadvantages:- Highly technique sensitive.
Highly shintage
Sticks to instruments
Does not bond to tooth structure, requires dentin bonding technique
Not condensable like amalgam
Possibility of microleakage and recurrent caries if placed.
4.What are the various uses of this spotter?
Uses:It is used for placing composite resin because the possibility of trapping air in restoration was
minimised.
To restore decayed tooth.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
Bonding Agent
2)WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS GENERATIONS OF THIS MATERIAL?
A) 1st generation
Mineral acids were used to etch enamel. Dentin etching is not recommended.
2nd generation
Developed as an adhesive agent for composite resin which had by then replaced by acrylic
restoration.
3rd generation
3rd generation bonding agents made a serious attempt to deal with smear layer which is formed in
cut dentin.
Their use is more complex and requires:
-Etching of enamel using 37% phosphoric acid-Conditioning of dentin using mild acids
-Application of separate primer
-Application of polymerizable
Placement of the resin
4th generation
Total Etch content
Wet bond and hybrid layer concepts introduced.
5th generation
Maintain high bond strength Unit – dose packaging introduced
The advantages claimed are
-Reduced application steps.
-Less technique sensitive as it can bond to moist dentin.
-Less volatile liquid.
-Pleasant odor.
-Higher bond strength.
6th generation
Introduction of self etching primers
Post operative sensitivity was reduced.
Bond strength was lower than that of 4th and 5th generations.
7th generation
One-step bond concept introduced
Etching, Priming and bonding in a single step
Bond strength lower than that of 4th and 5th generations bonding agent.
3)WHAT IS THE TECHNIQUE OF USAGE OF THIS MATERIAL?
A) Acid Etching:-Smooth enamel converted to irregular surface
-Resin monomer penetrate into irregular surface
-Monomer polymerized material become interlocked within enamel surface.
4)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS MATERIAL?
A) Uses:For bonding Composite to both structure bonding composite to porcelain and various metals like
amalgam, bare metal and noble metal alloys.
Desensitization of exposed dentin or root surface
Bonding of porcelain veneers.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Etchant gel
2)WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) The etchant is applied on the tooth surface for 20 seconds and is rinsed with water as it causes
microporosities on the enamel or dentin surface as it causes demineralization which helps in the
retention of a direct resin and indirect restoration
3)WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) tooth etching is used for etching the tooth surfaces before performing a direct or indirect
restoration.
1) IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Light curing unit
2) WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) It is a piece of dental equipment that is used for polymerization of light cure esin based
composites. It can be used on several different materials that can be cured by using light. The light
falls under visible blue spectrum.
3) WHAT IS THE WAVELENGTH WITH WHICH THE SPOTTER IS USED?
A) the dental curing lights are the LEDs that produce narrow spectrum of blue light in 400-500nm
range (with a peak wavelength of about 460nm).
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Gutta percha
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Gutta-percha 8–22%
Zinc oxide 59–76%
Waxes or resins 1–4%
Metal sulphates 1–18% A B
3)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) -It is radio opaque and tissue tolerant material.
-It is compactable and adapts excellently to the irregularities and contoures of the canal by lateral
and vertical condensation method.
4)WHAT ARE THE CONTRAINDICATIONS OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) - Gutta-percha does not bond to any sealers.
-It can be easily displaced by pressure.
-It lacks rigidity. The smallest, standardized gutta-percha cones are relatively more difficult to use
unless canals are enlarged
5)WHAT IS THE TECHNIQUE OF USAGE OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) -Cold techniques- lateral condensation (Gutta percha cones + sealer is used)
-single cone method
-modified single cone method
-Endotwin
-Warm techniques- Mc Spadden method
-gutta percha injection technique
-the thermafil technique.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Dental Implant
2)WHO INVENTED THIS SPOTTER?
A) Leonard Linkow discovered the first implant
Modern implant was discovered by Branemark
3)WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) implants can be divided into two basic parts
Fixture—embedded in bone
Abutment—supports the crown
4)WHAT ARE THE MATERIALS USED TO FABRICATE IT?
A) 1. Metals — Stainless steel
— Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum based
— Titanium and its alloys
— Surface coated titanium
2. Ceramics — Hydroxyapatite
— Bioglass
— Aluminum oxide
3. Polymers and composites
4. Others — Gold, tantalum, carbon, etc.
5)WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT DESIGNS OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) A. Subperiosteal—a framework that rests upon the bony ridge but does not penetrate it
B. Transosteal—penetrates completely through the mandible
C. Endosseous—partially submerged and anchored within the bone
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Implant supported over denture
2)WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS MATERIALS USED FOR FABRICATING IT?
A)Metals-stainless steel cobalt-chromium Titanium
Ceramics
Hydroxyapatite, bioglass
Polymers and composites
3)WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT VARITIES OF THIS SPOTTER?
FP1 replaces only the Crown
FP2 replaces the crown and portion of root
FP3 replaces missing teeth gingiva color of edentulous site
RP4 overdenture supported by implant
RP5 overdenture supported by soft tissue and implant
4)WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THIS SPOTTER?
Advantages- minimum anterior bone loss
-Prevents bone loss
- improved Aesthetics
-Decrease in the soft-tissue abrasive
-Improved occlusion
-Improved stability
-Improved chewing efficiency and force
Disadvantages- does not satisfy the psychological needs of the patient
- it requires proper plaque control and Dental hygiene
- it is more costly compared to complete denture
- they are bulkier than many other restorations
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Removable denture prosthesis
2)WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)major connector
minor connector
direct retainer
indirect retainer
denture base
3)WHAT ARE THE INDICATIONS OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Gross decay
patient refused the partial denture
Exclusive alveolar bone loss
Lengthy edentulous span
4)WHAT ARE THE CONTRAINDICATIONS OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Excessive resorption
abused soft tissue
poor aesthetics and speech problem
severe osseous undercuts
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Fixed partial denture
2)WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)It has three componentsretainer
pontic
connector
3)WHAT ARE THE INDICATIONS OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)missing teeth
Fractured
Caries
patient with good oral hygiene
Edentulous span is short and straight
4)WHAT ARE THE CONTRAINDICATIONS OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)malocclusion
Patient below 18 years old when abutment teeth need more tooth destruction when there is no
enough support
aged mouth
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Complete denture
2)WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS PARTS/SURFACES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Denture base
flange
artificial teeth
polished surface
fitting surface
occlusion surface
3)WHAT ARE THE INDICATIONS OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Extensive bone loss
decay or abscess
in edentulous patient
lack of financial resources for alternative treatment
4)WHAT ARE THE CONTRAINDICATIONS OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)ack of suitable teeth the arch to support stability and retained removable prosthesis
chronic poor oral hygiene
lack of patient acceptance for aesthetic reasons
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Teeth set
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Acrylic teeth- polymer-PMMA
-initiator-benzoyl
-peroxide pigments
Porcelain teeth-clay
-silica
-feldspar
-glasser
Liquid-monomer-MMA
-cross-linking agent-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
-inhibitor-hydroquinone
3)WHAT ARE THE USES/APPLICATIONS OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Used for the arrangement of teeth in CD FPD and RPD
4)WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS TYPES OF THIS SPOTTER AVAILABLE?
A) acrylic resin teeth
porcelain teeth
metal tooth and custom dental tooth
acrylic resin teeth with occlusal restoration
1) IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Plastic spatula
2) WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) They are used for mixing of dental cements because stainless steel wood react with the material
being mixed.
3) WHAT ARE THE USES/APPLICATIONS OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) they are used mainly for mixing glass ionomer cement dental cement mixing spatulas are used
in the preparation of dental cements for prosthodontic procedures
1) IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Tooth preparation burs
2) WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS TYPES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Parallel sided
flat ended
Flat and tapered
Long round and tapered long needle
Rugby bur
Smooth round and tapered
3) WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Diamond bur most often only used for cutting through porcelain polishing
Carbide burs most often used for preparing cavities for feelings and removing old feelings
1) IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Porcelain jar
2) WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) For mixing heat cure and self cure resin materials the lead of porcelain jar prevents the
monomer from evaporation
3) WHAT ARE THE APPLICATIONS OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) For ceiling jar are used in dentistry for mixing of heat cure and self cure acrylic material or
resin
1) IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Mean value articulator
2) ARE THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)
1. Upper membrane
2. Lower membrane
3. incisal pin table
4. mid incisal pin
5. Incisal pin
6. Incisal pin adjustment screw
7. Condylar sphere
8. Orientation arm
9. support arm
10. incisal calibration
11. curved incisal pin
12. condylar rods
13. condylar shaft
14. condylar slot with spring
15. the two vertical arms on either side upper and lower
3) WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) ADVANTAGES
-Providing a better view of the patient occlusion especially lingual side
-Chair side time for the dentist and appointment time for the patient is reduced
-To arrange artificial teeth
-Some procedures can be delegated to technician if an articulated is used
DISADVANTAGES
-No articulator Kane exactly duplicate the condylar movement of an individual
-It cannot compensate for any errors in jaw relation records
4) CLASSIFY VARIOUS TYPES OF ARTICULATORS?
A) Non adjustable articulators
Semi adjustable- Arcon and non-arcon articulators
Fully adjustable articulators
1) IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Gingival retraction cord
2) WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) -Used for isolation and retraction in the direct procedure of treatment of accessible gingival
area
-Indirect procedures involves gingival margins
3) WHAT ARE THE METHODS APPLICATION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Mechanical- This method physically displaces the gingiva- Copper band, rubber dam, cotton
thread, magic foam
Mechanic chemical- ferric sulphate 20%, ammonium chloride 15 to 29%, racemic epinephrine 8%
4) WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS SIZES AND TYPE OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) SIZES
Size 000- Within the front tooth area as a lower cord with the double card technique
Size 00- lower cord with double card technique (preparation and fixing veneer)
Size 1- front tooth area and premolars
Size 2- upper cord with double cord technique premolar and molar area protection
Size 3 upper cord with double cord technique (Molar with thick pronounced gingiva)
TYPES
-Plain
-Twisted
-Non impregnated
-Impregnated with some vasoconstrictor to reduce bleeding
1) IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Dental rouge
2) WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Fine red powder composed of iron oxide
3) WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS INDICATION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) It is used to polish high Noble metal alloys
4) WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS CONTRAINDICATION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Polishing of chromium containing alloys as it contaminates the surface and lead to corrosion
-
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Lathe wheel.
2) WHAT ARE THE USES?
A)Polish dentures , crown, bridges, inlays.
Make trimming and polishing restorations of all types simple and efficient .
There are designed to be mounted to the bench for ability and can feature one or two spindles.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Polishing buff.
2)WHAT ARE VARIOUS TYPES OF THE SPOTTER?
A)Cotton and muslin buffs :
Fert buffs
Satin/ Matte buffs
Uncombed.
3)WHAT ARE THE USES OF SPOTTER?
A)It is used for finishing and polishing of denture.
It remove roughness from denture surface giving a smooth and shining surface.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Pumice powder.
2)WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)It is highly siliceous material of volcanic origin.
3)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Used either as an abrasive or polishing agent depending on particle size.
It’s use ranges from smoothening denture to polishing teeth in the mouth.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Casting crucible
2)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Uses
The crucible is a heat resistant container in which the alloy is melted prior to casting.
Commonly preferred as some alloys may be sensitive to carbon contamination.
3)ENUMERATE VARIOUS TYPES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) 4 types : clay
carbon
quartz
ceramic
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Ceramic powder.
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Consists of ceramic particle and addictive that improves powders equation. Additives include
binding agent .
3)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Used in dentistry due to their ability to the optical characteristics of enamel and dentine as well
as for their biocompatibility and chemical durability.
4)CLASSIFY VARIOUS TYPES OF CERAMICS?
A)
Dental ceramics.
Oxide ceramics.
Glass infiltrated
poly crystalline.
Silicate ceramics
Feldspathic porcelain.
Glass ceramic
5)WHAT ARE THE METHODS OF MANIPULATION ?
A)Manipulation Method
Conventional technique
Tooth preparation
Elastic impression / pouring of die.
Adaptation of platinum foil matrix which retains the dental porcelain mix in shape of tooth
preparation.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)burnout furnace
2)WHAT ARE THE APPLICATIONS OR USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
To eliminate the wax from the mold
To expand the mold(thermal expansion)
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Sand paper and mandrel
2)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)It is used mostly for polishing and as an abrasive.
It is used to polish dental prosthesis like Dentures and get a smooth and
polished surface.
3)ENUMERATE VARIOUS TYPES AND GRADES OF SAND PAPER?
A)1.coarse(40-60grit)-roughing up surface
2.medium(80-120)-removing stain preparation for finishing
3.fine(150-180 grit)-removes the scratches leftby the previous paper and gives a smooth finish
4.very fine(280-320)-removing dust spots
5.super fine(360 and above)-final finish
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Casting ring.
2)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Casting rings are used to confine the fluid investment around the wax pattern while the
investment sets.
There solid metal rings do not allow for compensation of casting shrinkage.
3)ENUMERATE VARIOUS TYPES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) According to complete ring: Rubber ring.
Metal ring.
According to shape :Round
Oval .
According to split ring: Metal.
Plastic.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Denture bases.
2)ENUMERATE VARIOUS TYPES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Type: Acrylic
Combination of metal acrylic.
Metal.
3)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Uses: Supports artificial teeth .
Transfers occlusal forces to supporting oral structures.
Stimulation of underlying tissue of residual ridge.
Adds to the cosmetic effect.
4)WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Disadvantages:
Acrylic denture base and combination of metal acrylic :
Poor thermal conductivity.
Can irritate soft tissues.
Metal denture base: Difficult to relieve.
Trimming is difficult.
Less aesthetic.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Special tray.
2)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Provide support for green stick compound.
Provide even thickness or impression material.
3)WHAT ARE THE DIMENSIONS OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Dimensions:Atleast 2mm thickness in palatal area.
It should have 2mm relief near the sulcus.
4)WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE TRAY?
A)Parts : Relief
Stopper
Spacer
Tray
5)WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS MATERIALS USED FOR FABRICATION OF SPECIAL
TRAY?
A)Materials used :
Shellac .
Cold cure acrylic .
Vacuum formed vinyl .
Thermoplastic resin.
Type 2 impression compound
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Tooth colored Self cure resin.
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION?
A)
Liquid.
Methyl methacrylate monomer.
Powder
Polymethylmethacrylate
Dimethyl p toluidine.
Benzoyl peroxide
Dibutyl pthalate.
Zinc or titanium oxide
Glycol dimethacrylate 20%
died organic fillers
Hydioquinone.
Inorganic particles like fibers
3)WHAT ARE ITS USES?
A) for making temporary crowns and fixed prosthesis.
Construction of special trays
For Denture repair, relining,rebasing
For making removable orthodontic appliances
For adding a post dam to an adjust upper denture
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A) Resin cement.
2)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION AND FUNCTION OF EACH INGREDIENT?
A)Organosilane-Filler materials bond to resin to create a durable wear resistant material.
Dentin bonding- adhesion of resin to dentin.
Adhesive monomer-Include HEMA,4META, Carboxylic acid and organophosphate (MDP).
3)WHAT IS THE METHOD OF MANUPLATION?
A)The chemical cured resin cements are suitable for all types of restoration.
They are supplied as powder and liquid or 2 pastes.
Mixed on a paper pad for 20 to 30 seconds.
4)WHAT IS THE SETTING REACTION?
A) Polymerisation of resin cement occurs by chemical ,light or dual cure.
Cement systems rely on modified dimethacrylate monomers with acid containing side chainsphosphoric acid-attached as pendant group. Upon contact with tooth, acidic group bounds to
Ca+2 in tooth structure, making the cement a self adhesive resin cement.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)HEALING TORCH.
2) THIS SPOTTER?
A) VARIOUS TYPES - GAS AIR OR GAS OXYGEN TORCH.
-FURNACE.
3)WHAT ARE THE ZONES OF FLAME?
A)ZONES OF FLAME: COLD MIXING ZONE (UNBURNED GAS)
PARTIAL COMBUSTION ZONE.
REDUCING ZONE.
OXIDISING ZONE.
4)WHAT ARE THE USES?
A) IT IS A TOOL OR DEVICE THAT IS USED TO HEAT UP A SUBSTANCE QUICKLY.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Mercury.
2)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Mercury in dental amalgam gives a smooth and plastic amalgam.Amalgam alloy with mercury
is used for restoration purpose.
3)WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) Insufficient mercury between particles yields a dry granular mix, such a mix.
results in rough
pitted surface that promote corrosion.
Higher the mercury content, severity of fracture increases as the amalgam restoration ages.
Few people are allergic to mercury.
4)WHAT IS THE METHOD OF DISPOSAL?
A)Disposal method: The operator should be well ventilated. All excess mercury waste disposable
capsules ,amalgam removed during condensation should be collected and stored in well sealed
container.
Materials contaminated with mercury amalgam scrap should be subjected to heat sterilization or
incinerated.
If mercury comes in contact with skin ,then skin should be washed with soap and water.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Tray adhesive.
2)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
Uses: Applied to impression trays to enhance the adhesion of impression materials to intraoral
impression trays.
They ensure that the completed impression remains firmly attached to the tray upon removal
from the mouth.
3)WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THE SPOTTER?
A)Composed of : Silicone adhesive.
Alcohol.
Colorants .
4)WHAT IS THE METHOD OF APPLICATION OF THIS SPOTTER?
A)Often delivered via spray or brush and is applied to tray.
1)IDENTIFY THE SPOTTER?
A)Teeth shade guide.
2)WHAT ARE THE USES OF THIS SPOTTER?
A) To select prosthetic teeth by color.
Provide esthetics.
3)WRITE A NOTE ON THE HUE VALUE ELEMENTS?
A)Hue : The term hue is synonymous with the term color, used to describe the color of tooth or
dental restoration.
Chroma: Chrome is saturation of intensity of hue ,therefore it can only be present with hue.
Value: value is the relative lightness or darkness of color. A light tooth has a high value and
dark tooth has a low value.
Value is the most important factor in shade selection.
4)WHAT IS THE METHOD OF MATCHING/ COLOUR SELECTION?
A) Based on free extraction records.
Based on post extraction records
Based on examination of patient: - Age -Straight.
-Convex.
-Color of face.
-Color of the eye and hair.
1) IDENTIFY THE GIVEN SPOTTER?
A) Clamp And Flask.
2) WHAT ARE THE USES ?
A) Used for investing the waxed denture in dental plaster for processing in to acrylic denture.
3) WRITE THE TYPES OF CURING CYCLES?
A)Short term: To maintain the temperature of curing water bath initially one and half hour at 165
°F followed by 30 minutes at a boil followed by 1 hour of bench curing before deflasking.
Long term: To maintain the temperature of water bath at 72to75°F for 8 hours.
4) WHAT ARE THE MATERIALS WITH WHICH IT IS MADE UP OF?
A) Sidebar - chromium alloy.
Horizontal plate - metal alloy containing titanium.