Legal Realism"<b><ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Context dependent (judges don’t always stick to the facts/the mood of the judges can change the outcomes)</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Law is whatever powerful people say it is</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Personal and political reasons that judges make the decisions that they do</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Hard to demonstrate empirically</span></div></li></ul></b>"
Legal Formalism"<b><ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Emphasis on jurisprudence</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Germany Humboldt-Savigna method of legal education: systematic historical study of legal texts (science of law)</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">American Langdell method: formal case study to discern rules (read the decisions of different courts) (discover the philosophy behind laws)</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Both methods emphasize the interiority of legal logic</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Real philosophical or scientific truths behind individual laws and cases</span></div></li></ul></b>"
"The ""Gap""""<b><ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Gap between law in the books and law in action</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Taking the law society binary seriously</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Generally assuming the formal law will be inapposite, misapplied, or irrelevant in daily social life</span></div></li></ul></b>"
Haves/Have Nots: Haves"<font color=""#202122"">Have been in court many times</font>"
Haves/Have Nots: Have NotsHave only been in court a few times or none at all
Repeat Players/One Shotters: Repeat Players"<b><ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Play the long run (set precedents)</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Big companies are more likely to settle cases (best outcome in the long run)</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Play the odds</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Low start up costs (economies of scale)</span></div></li><ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Have the lawyers and specialists already</span></div></li></ul></ul></b>"
Repeat Players/One Shotters: One Shotters"<b><ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Play by the rules</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">High startup costs</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">System is rigged against you</span></div></li></ul></b>"
Social Solidarity"<b><ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Durkheim</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Society requires solidarity</span></div></li><ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Some level of cohesion, shared </span><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400; font-style: italic;"">collective conscience</span><img src=""Screenshot 2023-03-23 at 8.39.51 PM.png""></div></li></ul></ul></b>"
Repressive/Restitutive"<b><ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Durkheim</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Idea of crime as functional and repressive vs restitutive punishment</span></div></li></ul></b>"
From Status to Contract"<b><ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Durkheim</span></div></li><ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Change of contract society = method of differentiation and preformative reminding of interdependence</span></div></li></ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Maine</span></div></li><ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Historical shift from status to consent/contracts in assigning obligations</span></div></li><ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Modernity begins with recognition of contract</span></div></li><ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Mutual agreement by individuals to freely bind in obligation (new mode of setting obligation)</span></div></li></ul></ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Social contract reflects free political submission and franchise</span></div></li></ul></ul></b>"
Types of Legal Systems (Weber) – Formal/Substantive: FormalSet on abstract principles and consistency (legal rules)
Types of Legal Systems (Weber) – Formal/Substantive: SubstantiveAbstract principles and consistency (based on values)
Types of Legal Systems (Weber): Substantively Irrational"No real ""law"" – charismatic or traditional authority, no consistency (ex: absolute monarchy)"
Types of Legal Systems (Weber): Formally IrrationalLaw – formal procedures – but outcome is irrational (ex: jury system)
Types of Legal Systems (Weber): Substantively RationalLaw and decisions made according to general propositions that are value based, rather than legal (Kant/Deontology)
Types of Legal Systems (Weber): Formally Rational"<b><ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Legal formalism!&nbsp;</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Every concrete legal decision must be the application of an abstract legal proposition to a concrete fact situation</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">It must be possible in every case to derive the decision from abstract legal propositions by means of legal logic</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Law as purely internal looking rather than science</span></div></li></ul></b>"
Marx – Base/Superstructure: Base"<b><ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Political economy and relations of production</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">How and with what means we produce</span></div></li></ul></b>"
Marx – Base/Superstructure: Superstructure"<b><ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Institutions aside from base</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Ex: law, religion, family, media, etc.</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Capitalism produces its own set of superstructural institutions</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Class struggle produced a capitalist ruling class that then produced a legal superstructure to ideologically justify capitalism by presenting it as neutral</span></div></li></ul></b>"
Marx – Base/Superstructure"<b><span style=""font-weight: 400;""></span></b><img src=""Screenshot 2023-03-21 at 11.58.45 AM.png"">"
Historical Materialism"<b><ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Material: stuff that happens</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">About rejecting focus on concepts and turn to what happened</span></div></li></ul></b>"
Ideal Types"<b><ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Weber</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">What would the pure version of X do?</span></div></li></ul></b>"
Functionalism"<b><ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Durkheim</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Evolutionary and structural functionalist</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Structural functionalism</span></div></li><ul><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-weight: 400;"">Things evolve to solve problems (like crime)</span></div></li></ul></ul></b>"
Playing for the Rules"<b><ul><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 400;"">Galanter</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 400;"">Biases for repeat platers</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 400;"">Repeat players care about law and want to change legal system</span></div></li><ul><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 400;"">Like AT&amp;T making it so they won’t get sued</span></div></li></ul></ul></b>"
The Division of Labor"<b><ul><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 400;"">Durkheim</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 400;"">→ interdependence between specialized component parts, greater differences between individuals and a relatively weak collective consciousness → organized solidarity dominates</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 400;"">In small society, everyone does mostly the same things everyday</span></div></li><ul><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 400;"">Now, highlight specialized and very different</span></div></li></ul><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 400;"">Capitalism makes us diverse and not homogenous and shapes our social interactions</span></div></li><ul><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 400;"">→ solidarity</span></div></li></ul></ul></b>"
False Consciousness"<b><ul><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 400;"">Law reflects class interests → distort reality and shroud real interests of nondemocratic groups</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 400;"">Who controls superstructure?: powerful classes/capitalists</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 400;"">Way we learn about the world is filtered by ideas of capitalists and powerful classes</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 400;"">False knowledge/consciousness of what their social status us</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 400;"">Controversial</span></div></li><ul><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 400;"">Stigmatizing and dismissive</span></div></li></ul></ul></b>"