Cambridge International Examinations Year 9 END TERM 2 EXAM Student’s Name Ruth Awuor Amara Kekali Breanna Njoki CLASS GEOGRAPHY 9 Tsavo For Examination 2023 PROJECT WORK Task Your task will be to produce a thorough presentation on our restless planet. The report should be in form ofa booklet. Your presentation need to include all the elements listed on the presentation rubric that will be provided. In brief, the following elements are necessary for a complete presentation: 1. A short introduction to the topic which will include a short statement on each of the following topics: Earth’s three layers. Describe using a well labelled diagram or diagrams. What are Earth’s plates, and why do they move? Causes of earthquakes Impacts of earthquakes Causes of volcanoes Impacts of volcanoes Reasons why people live in areas prone to earthquakes and volcanoes even though these are danger zones. PROJECT RUBRIC TASK Missing Developing The published No work is poor. Presen presenta The project tation tion excludes one (30 handed or more of the pts) in. essential (0 pts.) components (10 pts.) Accomplis hed The published work is good. The project includes all the essential compone nts: (10pts) Exemplary Total Score Self score from (out of a teach possible er 60pts) (60pts ) The published work is excellent. All the essential components of the project are present. The presentation is well _____ organized and presented in a _______p __pt(s logical form. The presenters t(s) ) demonstrates that they are knowledgeable about the information that is in the presentation. (10 pts) TOTAL SCORE The three layers of the Earth The Core a) The inner core is in the center and is the hottest part of the Earth. It is solid and made up of iron and nickel with temperatures of up to 5,500°C. b) The outer core is the layer surrounding the inner core. It is a liquid layer, also made up of iron and nickel. • The Mantle The mantle is the thickest section of the Earth at approximately 2,900 km. The mantle is made up of semi-molten rock called magma. • The Crust The crust is the outer layer of the Earth. It is a thin layer between 0 - 60 km thick. The crust is the solid rock layer upon which we live. It is either continental or oceanic. The earth's crust is broken into plates. • Oceanic crust - found underneath the oceans. It is denser than continental crust and can collide with denser plates. Continental crust - found under land masses or continents. It is generally older than the oceanic crust and is less often destroyed. What are the plates of the Earth's crust? • A tectonic plate is a massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock. Plate size can vary greatly, from a few hundred to thousands of kilometers across; the Pacific and Antarctic Plates are among the largest. • There are seven major plates: African, Antarctic, Eurasian, Indo-Australian, North American, Pacific and South American. • The plates move due to convection currents in the Earth's mantle. This is where the heat from the Earth's core causes magma to rise. As it nears the Earth's surface, it then cools and sinks. This circular motion causes the plates in the crust to move.