ENTREPRENEURSHIP
(MBA)
Yahya Gamal
BROOKLYN ACADEMY (MBA) | Entrepreneurship
Brooklyn Academy (MBA) Entrepreneurship report
Yahya Gamal
CONTENTS
Copyright ......................................................................................................................................... 2
Tradmark ......................................................................................................................................... 2
Design Patent .................................................................................................................................. 3
Utility patent ................................................................................................................................... 3
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Brooklyn Academy (MBA) Entrepreneurship report
Yahya Gamal
COPYRIGHT
Copyright is a legal right, existing in many countries, that grants the creator of an original
work exclusive rights to determine whether, and under what conditions, this original work may be
used by others. This is usually only for a limited time. The exclusive rights are not absolute but
limited by limitations and exceptions to copyright law, including fair use. A major limitation on
copyright on ideas is that copyright protects only the original expression of ideas, and not the
underlying ideas themselves.
Copyright is applicable to certain forms of creative work. Some, but not all jurisdictions require
"fixing" copyrighted works in a tangible form. It is often shared among multiple authors, each of
whom holds a set of rights to use or license the work, and who are commonly referred to as
rights holders. These rights frequently include reproduction, control over derivative works,
distribution, public performance, and moral rights such as attribution.
Copyrights can be granted by public law and are in that case considered "territorial rights". This
means that copyrights granted by the law of a certain state, do not extend beyond the territory of
that specific jurisdiction. This type of copyrights vary by country, many countries, sometimes a
large group of countries, have made agreements with other countries how to act in crossing
border situations and when national rights collide.[9]
Typically, the public law duration of a copyright expires 50 to 100 years after the creator dies,
depending on the jurisdiction. Some countries require certain copyright formalities to establishing
copyright, others recognize copyright in any completed work, without formal registration.
Generally, copyright is enforced as a civil matter, though some jurisdictions do
apply criminal sanctions.
Most jurisdictions recognize copyright limitations, allowing "fair" exceptions to the creator's
exclusivity of copyright and giving users certain rights. The development of digital media and
computer network technologies have prompted reinterpretation of these exceptions, introduced
new difficulties in enforcing copyright, and inspired additional challenges to the philosophical
basis of copyright law Simultaneously, businesses with great economic dependence upon
copyright, such as those in the music business, have advocated the extension and expansion of
copyright and sought additional legal and technological enforcement.
TRADMARK
A trademark is a recognizable sign, design, or expression which
identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others,[2][3] although trademarks
used to identify services are usually called service marks.[4][5] The trademark owner can be an
individual, business organization, or any legal entity. A trademark may be located on a package,
a label, a voucher, or on the product itself. For the sake of corporate identity, trademarks are
often displayed on company buildings.
The first legislative act concerning trademarks was passed in 1266 under the reign of Henry III,
requiring all bakers to use a distinctive mark for the bread they sold. The first modern trademark
laws emerged in the late 19th century. In France the first comprehensive trademark system in the
world was passed into law in 1857. The Trade Marks Act 1938 of the United Kingdom changed
the system, permitting registration based on "intent-to-use”, creating an examination based
process, and creating an application publication system. The 1938 Act, which served as a model
for similar legislation elsewhere, contained other novel concepts such as "associated
trademarks", a consent to use system, a defensive mark system, and non-claiming right system.
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Brooklyn Academy (MBA) Entrepreneurship report
Yahya Gamal
DESIGN PATENT
a design patent is one of three types of patents: utility patents, design patents, and plant
patents.
In terms of obtaining a design patent, a design is defined as the "surface ornamentation" of an
object, which can include the shape or configuration of an object. In order to obtain this type of
patent protection, the design must be inseparable from the object. While the object and its design
must be inseparable, a design patent with only protect the object's appearance. In order to
protect the functional or structural features of an object, a person must also file for a utility patent.
UTILITY PATENT
a design patent is one of three types of patents: utility patents, design patents, and plant
patents.
A utility patent is the most common type of patent that people seek. This type of patent covers
processes, compositions of matter, machines, and manufactures that are new and useful. A
utility patent can also be obtained for new and useful improvements to existing processes,
compositions of matter, machines, and manufactures. Processes refer to any acts or methods of
doing something, usually involving industrial or technical processes. Compositions of matter are
basically chemical compositions, which can include a mixture of ingredients or new chemical
compounds. Machines include things that are generally defined as a machine, such as a
computer, while manufactures are defined as goods that are manufactured or made.
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