Seat No. 21
Seat No. 22
Seat No. 23
Seat No. 24
Seat No. 25
Group 7:
Experiment No. 4
MAGALLEN, JASPER
MANUMBALE, VANERIE
MARASIGAN, KYLA
MIRANDA, JOLINA ROSE
MONTANO, VIEL EREEN
Section: CE08 – 02 – 501P
1/2
Title: ENERGY LOSSES
REFLECTION/REACTION ON THE VIDEO ON
EXPERIMENT 4: ENERGY LOSSES
QUESTION 1
What are the types of losses in the pipes? Discuss each type.
ANSWER:
There are two types of losses in the pipe; major head loss and minor head loss. The major head
loss in a pipe or tube is determined by the flow velocity, pipe or duct length, pipe or duct diameter, and a
friction factor depending on the pipe or duct roughness, as well as whether the flow is turbulent or laminar.
The pipes themselves may be to cause for the major head loss. The rust and bulk dirt cause the inner
section of a pipe to become rough that affects the flow of fluid inside the pipe. The structure and
components of pipes may cause minor head loss. While, minor head loss due to components as valves,
bends, tees and the like in the pipe or duct system. When compared to major loss, minor loss might be
considerable. In fact, the minor loss is infinite when a valve is closed or almost closed. The minor loss from
an open valve is frequently overlooked it only looks at the construction and components of a pipe, ignoring
the interior. In conclusion, large head loss is the sole problem from the inside of a pipe, whereas minor
head loss is the only concern from the outside.
QUESTION 2
How are losses in the pipe determine using the low and high flow regimes?
ANSWER:
Using the two flow regimes such as low and high flow. It can be used to calculate major losses.
The head loss in bar, volume in liters, and time must all be recorded in the high flow regime in seconds.
The low flow regime requires height, head loss in meters, volume in liters, and duration, whilst minor losses
require recording the specified characteristics of fittings or a component applied in a pipe system
QUESTION 3
What is the dependence of head loss in velocity or flow rate in the laminar or turbulent region of
flow?
ANSWER:
In laminar flow, the Darcy-Weisbach coefficient (or friction factor f) is only determined by the
Reynolds number (Re) and is unaffected by the pipe's surface roughness, making it independent. f is a
function of both the Reynolds number and the pipe roughness height in turbulent flow. Other parameters,
such as roughness spacing and shape, may also influence the value of f, making it dependent; however,
these effects are poorly understood and, in many situations, minor. As a result, f must be calculated
through trial and error.