What is synaptonemal complex?
The synaptonemal complex is a protein structure that plays a crucial role in the
process of meiosis, specifically during the synapsis stage. It forms between
homologous paired chromosomes and connects them tightly, facilitating the
exchange of genetic material between these paired chromosomes.
The structure of the synaptonemal complex involves two lateral elements composed
of protein filaments that run parallel to each chromosome and a central element that
connects the two lateral elements at regular intervals. These connections are known
as transverse filaments that help to hold the homologous chromosomes together in
preparation for genetic exchange.
The synaptonemal complex is a critical structure in meiosis as it ensures that
homologous chromosomes are tightly paired, facilitating the exchange of genetic
material, which leads to genetic diversity. Disruption or malformation of the
synaptonemal complex can lead to aneuploidy, chromosomal abnormalities, and
infertility.
In recent years, research conducted on the synaptonemal complex has provided
insights that could improve the diagnosis and treatment of certain genetic disorders.
Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie synaptonemal complex
formation could also lead to the development of novel contraceptive strategies that
work by regulating its formation.
References:
1. Zickler, D., & Kleckner, N. (2015). The synaptonemal complex: a dynamic structure that
orchestrates meiotic recombination. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology, 7(5),
a016796.
2. Handel, M. A., & Schimenti, J. C. (2019). Genetics of mammalian meiosis: regulation,
dynamics and impact on fertility. Nature Reviews Genetics, 20(3), 123-138.