What is the full name of RNA and what does it do?
RNA stands for ribonucleic acid, which is a type of nucleic acid molecule found in
cells that play an essential role in transferring genetic information from DNA to
proteins. RNA serves as a messenger between DNA, which stores genetic
information, and proteins, which perform most of the work in cells.
RNA is produced during transcription, a process in which DNA is copied into RNA by
an enzyme called RNA polymerase. The resulting RNA molecule is then transported
out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, where it can be translated into a protein by
another cellular machinery called ribosome.
Apart from its role in protein synthesis, RNA also performs other functions in the cell,
including gene regulation, splicing, and RNA interference. Some RNA molecules,
such as transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), are not translated into
proteins but instead play crucial roles in facilitating protein synthesis.
In conclusion, RNA is a crucial component of the cellular machinery and plays an
essential role in transferring genetic information and protein synthesis. Its versatility
and functional diversity make it a fascinating molecular species to study and
understand.
References:
- Alberts B, et al. (2002). Molecular Biology of the Cell. New York: Garland Science.
- Lodish H, et al. (2016). Molecular Cell Biology. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.