SAN PABLO COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF NURSING
DRUG STUDY
Generic – Brand
name
Classification/
Indication
Generic Name:
Cefuroxime
Indications:
Brand Name:
Ceftin, Zinacef
Treatment of the
following infections
caused by susceptible
organisms:
Respiratory tract
infections, Skin and
skin structure
infections, Bone and
joint infections.
Meningitis,
gynecologic
infections, and Lyme
disease, septicemia,
perioperative
prophylaxis.
Classification:
Therapeutic: antiinfectives
Side effects/
Adverse Reaction
(Common/Lifethreatening)
CNS: SEIZURES
(high doses).
GI:
CLOSTRIDIUM
DIFFICILEASSOCIATED
DIARRHEA
(CDAD), diarrhea,
cramps, nausea,
vomiting.
Derm: rashes,
urticaria.
Hemat:
agranulocytosis,
bleeding (qwith
cefotetan and
cefoxitin),
eosinophilia,
hemolytic anemia,
Mechanism of Action
Nursing Consideration
Patient Teaching
Bind to bacterial cell wall
membrane, causing cell
death.
● Assess for infection (vital signs;
appearance of wound, sputum, urine,
and stool; WBC) at beginning and
during therapy.
● Instruct patient to take
medication around the clock at
evenly spaced times and to finish
the medication completely, even if
feeling better. Take missed doses
as soon as possible unless almost
time for next dose; do not double
doses. Use calibrated measuring
device with liquid preparations.
Advise patient that sharing of this
medication may be dangerous.
Therapeutic Effects:
Bactericidal action against
susceptible bacteria.
Spectrum: Similar to that of
first-generation
cephalosporins but have
activity against several other
gram-negative pathogens
including: Haemophilus
influenzae, Escherichia coli,
Klebsiella pneumoniae,
Morganella morganii,
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(including penicillinaseproducing strains), Proteus,
Providencia, Serratia
marcescens, Moraxella
catarrhalis. Not active
against methicillin resistant
● Before initiating therapy, obtain a
history to determine previous use of
and reactions to penicillins or
cephalosporins. Persons with a
negative history of penicillin
sensitivity may still have an allergic
response.
● Obtain specimens for culture and
sensitivity before initiating therapy.
First dose may be given before
receiving results.
● Advise patient to report signs of
superinfection (furry overgrowth
on the tongue, vaginal itching or
discharge, loose or foul-smelling
stools) and allergy.
● Observe patient for signs and
symptoms of anaphylaxis (rash,
pruritus, laryngeal edema, wheezing).
Discontinue the drug immediately if
these symptoms occur. Keep
● Instruct patient to notify health
care professional if fever and
diarrhea develop, especially if
stool contains blood, pus, or
mucus. Advise patient not to treat
Pharmacologic:
second-generation
cephalosporins
neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia.
Local: pain at IM
site, phlebitis at IV
site.
Misc: allergic
reactions including
ANAPHYLAXIS
and SERUM
SICKNESS,
superinfection.
staphylococci or enterococci, epinephrine, an antihistamine, and
Active against Borrelia
resuscitation equipment close by in the
burgdorferi.
event of an anaphylactic reaction.
● Monitor bowel function. Diarrhea,
abdominal cramping, fever, and bloody
stools should be reported to healthcare
professionals promptly as a sign of
Clostridium difficile-associated
diarrhea (CDAD). May begin up to
several wk following cessation of
therapy.
● Lab Test Considerations: May cause
positive results for Coombs’ test in
patients receiving high doses or in
neonates whose mothers were given
cephalosporins before delivery.
● May cause elevated serum AST,
ALT, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin,
LDH, BUN, and serum creatinine.
● May rarely cause leukopenia,
neutropenia, agranulocytosis,
thrombocytopenia, and eosinophilia.
diarrhea without consulting health
care professional
SAN PABLO COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF NURSING
DRUG STUDY
Generic – Brand
name
Classification/
Indication
Generic Name:
Omeprazole
Indications:
Brand Name:
Losec, Olex,
PriLOSEC,
PriLOSEC
Duodenal ulcers
(with or without antiinfectives for
Helicobacter pylori).
Short-term treatment
of active benign
gastric ulcer.
Pathologic
hypersecretory
conditions, including
Zollinger-Ellison
syndrome. Reduction
of risk of GI bleeding
in critically ill
patients.
OTC: Heartburn
occurring twice/wk.
Classification:
Side effects/
Adverse Reaction
(Common/Lifethreatening)
Adverse
Reactions/Side
Effects
CNS: dizziness,
drowsiness,
fatigue, headache,
weakness.
Mechanism of Action
Nursing Consideration
Patient Teaching
Action Binds to an enzyme
on gastric parietal cells in
the presence of acidic gastric
pH, preventing the final
transport of hydrogen ions
into the gastric lumen.
● Assess patient routinely for
epigastric or abdominal pain and frank
or occult blood in the stool, emesis, or
gastric aspirate.
● Instruct patient to take
medication as directed for the full
course of therapy, even if feeling
better. Take missed doses as soon
as remembered but not if almost
time for next dose. Do not double
doses.
Therapeutic Effects:
Diminished accumulation of
CV: chest pain. GI: acid in the gastric lumen
CLOSTRIDIUM
with lessened
DIFFICILEgastroesophageal reflux.
ASSOCIATED
Healing of duodenal ulcer.
DIARRHEA
(CDAD),
abdominal pain,
acid regurgitation,
constipation,
diarrhea,
flatulence, nausea,
vomiting. F and
● Monitor bowel function. Diarrhea,
abdominal cramping, fever, and bloody
stools should be reported to health care
professional promptly as a sign of
Clostridium difficile-associated
diarrhea (CDAD). May begin up to
several wk following cessation of
therapy.
● Lab Test Considerations: Monitor
CBC with differential periodically
during therapy.
● May cause increased AST, ALT,
alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin.
● May cause serum gastrin
concentrations to increase during the
● May cause occasional
drowsiness or dizziness. Caution
patient to avoid driving or other
activities requiring alertness until
response to medication is known.
● Instruct patient to notify health
care professional of all Rx or OTC
medications, vitamins, or herbal
products being taken and consult
health care professional before
taking any new medications,
especially St. John’s wort.
Therapeutic:
antiulcer agents
Pharmacologic:
proton-pump
inhibitors
E:
hypomagnesemia
(especially if
treatment duration
3 mo).
GU: acute
interstitial
nephritis.
Derm: cutaneous
lupus
erythematosus,
itching, rash.
Hemat: vitamin
B12 deficiency.
MS: bone fracture.
Misc: allergic
reactions, systemic
lupus
erythematosus.
first 1– 2 wk of therapy. Levels return
to normal after discontinuation of
omeprazole.
● Monitor INR and prothrombin time
in patients taking warfarin.
● Advise patient to avoid alcohol,
products containing aspirin or
NSAIDs, and foods that may
cause an increase in GI irritation.
● May cause hypomagnesemia.
Monitor serum magnesium prior to and
periodically during therapy.
● Advise patient to report onset of
black, tarry stools; diarrhea;
abdominal pain; or persistent
headache to health care
professional promptly.
● May cause false positive results in
diagnostic investigations for
neuroendocrine tumors due to increase
serum chromogranin A (CgA) levels
secondary to drug-induced, decrease
gastric acidity. Temporarily stop
esomeprazole at least 14 days before
assessing CgA levels and consider
repeating test if initial CgA levels are
high.
● Instruct patient to notify health
care professional of onset of
black, tarry stools; diarrhea;
abdominal pain; or persistent
headache or if fever and diarrhea
develop, especially if stool
contains blood, pus, or mucus.
Advise patient not to treat
diarrhea without consulting health
care professional.
● Advise female patient to notify
health care professional if
pregnancy is planned or suspected
or if breast feeding.
SAN PABLO COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF NURSING
DRUG STUDY
Generic – Brand
name
Classification/
Indication
Generic Name:
Tranexamic acid
Indications:
Brand Name:
Cyklokapron,
Lysteda
Taken orally,
tranexamic acid is
indicated for the
treatment of
hereditary
angioedema, cyclic
heavy menstrual
bleeding in
premenopausal
females, and other
instances of
significant bleeding
in the context of
hyperfibrinolysis.
Given intravenously,
tranexamic acid is
indicated for shortterm use (2-8 days)
in patients with
hemophilia to
prevent or reduce
Side effects/
Adverse Reaction
(Common/Lifethreatening)
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Hypotension
Thromboembolic,
e.g., arterial,
venous, embolic;
Neurologic, e.g.,
visual impairment,
convulsions,
headache, mental
status changes;
myoclonus;
Rash
Mechanism of Action
Nursing Consideration
Patient Teaching
Tranexamic acid
competitively and reversibly
inhibits the activation of
plasminogen via binding at
several distinct sites,
including four or five lowaffinity sites and one highaffinity site, the latter of
which is involved in its
binding to fibrin. The
binding of plasminogen to
fibrin induces fibrinolysis by occupying the necessary
binding sites tranexamic acid
prevents this dissolution of
fibrin, thereby stabilizing the
clot and preventing
hemorrhage.
● Monitor blood pressure, pulse, and
respiratory status as indicated by
severity of bleeding.
● Unusual change in bleeding
pattern should be immediately
reported to the physician.
● Monitor for overt bleeding every 15–
30 min.
● For women who are taking
Tranexamic acid to control heavy
bleeding, the medication should
only be taken during the
menstrual period.
● Monitor neurologic status (pupils,
level of consciousness, motor activity)
in patients with subarachnoid
hemorrhage.
● Assess for thromboembolic
complications. (especially in patients
with history). Notify physician of
positive Homans’ sign, leg pain
hemorrhage, edema, hemoptysis,
dyspnea, or chest pain.
● Monitor platelet count and clotting
factors prior to and periodically
throughout therapy in patients with
systemic fibrinolysis.
● Tranexamic Acid should be
used with extreme caution in
CHILDREN younger than 18
years old; safety and effectiveness
in these children have not been
confirmed.
● The medication can be taken
with or without meals.
● Swallow Tranexamic Acid
whole with plenty of liquids. Do
bleeding following
tooth extraction.
● Stabilize IV catheter to minimize
thrombophlebitis. Monitor site closely.
Classification:
Anti-fibrinolytic,
antihemorrhagic
● Instruct patient to notify the nurse
immediately if bleeding recurs or if
thromboembolic symptoms develop.
● Caution patient to make position
changes slowly to avoid orthostatic
hypotension.
not break, crush, or chew before
swallowing.
● If you miss a dose of
Tranexamic Acid, take it when
you remember, then take your
next dose at least 6 hours later. Do
not take 2 doses at once.
● Inform the client that he/she
should inform the physician
immediately if the following
severe side effects occur:
- Severe allergic reactions
such as rash, hives,
itching, dyspnea, tightness
in the chest, swelling of
the mouth, face, lips or
tongue
- Calf pain, swelling or
tenderness.
- Chest pain
- Confusion
- Coughing up blood
- Decreased urination.
- Severe or persistent
headache
- Severe or persistent body
malaise
- Shortness of breath
- Slurred speech
-
Slurred speech
Vision changes
SAN PABLO COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF NURSING
DRUG STUDY
Generic – Brand
name
Classification/
Indication
Generic Name:
Rebamipide
Indications:
Brand Name:
Mucosta
Bleeding, erosion,
redness, and edema
(all signs of gastric
mucosal lesions) that
occur in acute
gastritis and acute
exacerbation of
chronic gastritis.
Classification:
Anti-gastric and
Anti-ulcer
Side effects/
Adverse Reaction
(Common/Lifethreatening)
Hypersensitivity:
Rash, pruritus,
drug-eruption-like
eczema, other
symptoms of
hypersensitivity
Urticaria
Neuropsychiatric:
Numbness,
Dizziness,
Sleepiness
Gastrointestinal:
Constipation,
feeling of abdomen
Gastrointestinal
enlarged, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting,
heartburn,
abdominal pain,
belching,
Mechanism of Action
Nursing Consideration
Patient Teaching
Mucosal Protectant. This is
an amino acid derivative of
2-(1H)-quinolinone, which
is used to protect the
mucosa, heal peptic ulcers,
and treat gastritis. The drug's
mechanism of action is by
enhancing mucosal defenses,
scavenging free radicals and
transiently activating genes
encoding cyclooxygenase-2.
● Assess patient routinely for
epigastric or abdominal pain and frank
or occult blood in the stool, emesis, or
gastric aspirate.
● Instruct patient to take
medication as directed for the full
course of therapy, even if feeling
better. Take missed doses as soon
as remembered but not if almost
time for next dose. Do not double
doses.
● Monitor for any adverse reaction.
● Administer the drug before meals.
● Check the Bp after give the
medication.
● Let the patient verbalize discomfort
after administration.
● Explain the drug may be taken
before meal.
● Instruct patient to take all
prescribed drug even if feeling
better before drug is finished
● May cause occasional
drowsiness or dizziness. Caution
patient to avoid driving or other
activities requiring alertness until
response to medication is known.
● Instruct patient to notify health
care professional of all Rx or OTC
taste abnormality,
thirst
Hepatic: Increased
AST (GOT) ALT
(GPT), Y-GTP,
alkaline
phosphatase levels
Hematologic
Leukopenia,
granulocytopenia,
Thrombocytopenia
Skin: Rash,
pruritus, drugeruption-like
eczema
Other: Menstrual
disorders,
increased BUN
Breast swelling and
pain,
gynecomastia,
levels, edema,
feeling of a foreign
body I induce
lactation,
palpitations, fever,
facial flushing,
numbness of
tongue, cough,
medications, vitamins, or herbal
products being taken and consult
health care professional before
taking any new medications,
especially St. John’s wort.
● Advise patient to avoid alcohol,
products containing aspirin or
NSAIDs, and foods that may
cause an increase in GI irritation.
● Advise patient to report onset of
black, tarry stools; diarrhea;
abdominal pain; or persistent
headache to health care
professional promptly.
● Instruct patient to notify health
care professional of onset of
black, tarry stools; diarrhea;
abdominal pain; or persistent
headache or if fever and diarrhea
develop, especially if stool
contains blood, pus, or mucus.
Advise patient not to treat
diarrhea without consulting health
care professional.
● Advise female patient to notify
health care professional if
pregnancy is planned or suspected
or if breast feeding.
in the pharynx
respiratory distress,
alopecia