Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
CHAPTER I - THE PROBLEM AND IT’S BACKGROUND
CHAPTER I- THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
At the end of the topic, you will be able to:
1. discuss the different chapters of a research paper and identify the
sub-parts of Chapter 1;
2. diagram examples of conceptual framework and identify theories
used; and
3. formulate correct Hypothesis and Statement of the Problem.
The 5 Chapters of a Research Paper
Chapter I- The problem and its Background
Chapter II- Review of the Related Literature and Studies
Chapter III- Research Methodology
Chapter IV- Presentation, Interpretation, Analysis of Data
Chapter V- Summary, Findings and Conclusions of the Study
Chapter I
The first part of a Research Paper where the following sub-parts are presented:
1. Introduction
 Overview or the macro-view of what the research will be about
 The part which includes the Importance of the study.
 Focus of the study
 Purpose of the study
 Presentation of the problem
 Rationale
 Legal, ethical, philosophical and psychosocial framework basis
Consider these ideas in constructing your research introduction
 Surprising facts
 Humor
 Quotations finding the hook
 Curiosity
 Definition
 End with a good beginning
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
CHAPTER I - THE PROBLEM AND IT’S BACKGROUND
2. Background of the Study
 A discussion on the setting of the problem, the previous efforts taken to solve related
problems, the rationale underlying the choice of particular area of investigation.
 The historical account of the development of the problem
 Observed problems or issues
3. Theoretical framework
Theory
- Upon which the study to be based
- Idea or set of ideas tend to explain facts or events
- An idea that is suggested or presented as possibly true but is not known or proven to true.
- The general principles or ideas that relate to a particular subject
 These are drawn from review of the related literature and studies. It classifies the relationship
between and among the major variables of the study.
 It includes theories cited by the authorities regarding a topic and an explanation on how these
theories apply to a study.
Examples:
1. Theory of the Cognitive Development by Jean Piaget
2. Theory of Learning Styles by Dunn an Dunn
4. Formal Operational
1. Environmental
2. Emotional
3. Concrete Operational
3. Sociological
2. Pre-operational
4. Physiological
1. Sensory
5. Psychological
In writing the Theoretical Framework, the researcher should cite theories that would best explain their
chosen field of study. Theories are best to use in strengthening our research paper to be valid and reliable
because it has undergone extensive studies and experimentation.
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
INTRODUCTION TO THE NATURE AND INQUIRY OF RESEARCH
4. Conceptual Framework
 A tool that the researcher use to guide their inquiry.
 A concept, illustration or diagram used by the researcher to present the ideas of
the study and show the relationship of the variables.
Types of Conceptual Framework
 Relational Framework- relationship, impact, correlates, effect between and among
variables in the study.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
(CAUSE)
(EFFECT)
Figure 1 Sample diagram of Relational Framework
Example:
“The Leadership Style and Emotional Intelligence as correlates to the Organizational
Commitment of the Senior High School Students of the AMACC.”.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
(EFFECT)
(CAUSE)
1. LEADERSHIP STYLE by PATH GOAL
-Directive
-Supportive
-Participative
-Achievement
2. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE by
GOLEMAN
-Self-awareness
-Self-regulation
-Social Skills
-Empathy
-Motivation
1. ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT
-Length of service
-Participatory/Dedication
-Task Proficiency
MAYER'S ORGANIZATIONAL
COMMITMENT
-Affective Commitment (Affection to
yourself)
-Continuance Commitment
(Fear of loss)
-Normative Commitment
(Sense of obligation to stay)
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
INTRODUCTION TO THE NATURE AND INQUIRY OF RESEARCH
Figure 2 The figure above shows the relationship of Leadership Style and Emotional Intelligence
to the Organizational Commitment of the SHS Students of AMACC
 Evaluative Framework





Strategies
Process
Methods
Policies
Progress
Technique
System
Procedures
Analyze
Measure
Study
Assess
Examine
INPUT
PROCESS
Assessment through:
OUTPUT
-Variables to be
investigated
- questionnaires
-Statement of the
Problem (SOP)
- interview
-Possible solution to
- observation
the problem
- statistical
treatment
-Recommendations
-Theories
- documenting
- analysis
Figure 3 Sample diagram of an Evaluative Framework
INPUT- this is where we put the variable/s to be investigated in the study, the Statement of the
Problem, which serves as the objective of the paper that needs to be answered or solved, or
the Theories related to the topic.
PROCESS- the part of the diagram that shows the steps/methods on how to gather the needed
data for the study as well as on how to interpret the data gathered.
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
INTRODUCTION TO THE NATURE AND INQUIRY OF RESEARCH
OUTPUT- the possible solution to the problem, recommendations and alternatives to the
problem is found in this box.
Example: “Assessment on the effectiveness of the Online Education / Blended Learning to the
Senior High School Students of AMACC Paranaque”
INPUT
PROCESS
Online Education/
Blended Learning
Assessment through:
- questionnaires
a. Responsiveness
- documenting
b. Relevance
- interview
c. Efficiency
d. Adequacy
- observation
- statistical treatment
- analysis
OUTPUT
-Proposed
Program/Action
Plan
- Program for
Improvements/
Recommendations
Figure 4 (Note: For every table, diagram, figure or illustration always put an interpretation
below without cutting the figure and the text.)
5. Statement of the Problem
 Contains the need for undertaking the research project followed by the detailed
set of objectives.
Objectives- address the purpose of the project/paper.
Example:
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
INTRODUCTION TO THE NATURE AND INQUIRY OF RESEARCH
“The Leadership Style and Emotional Intelligence as correlates to the Organizational
Commitment of the Senior High School Students of the AMACC Paranaque.”
2. What
Leadership
Style?of Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Style to the
This
studyis the
will respondent’s
determine the
relationship
Organizational
Commitment
the SHS Students
of respondents?
AMACC Paranaque, specifically it will answer the
3. What is the
Emotional of
Intelligence
level of the
following questions:
4. How does the Organizational Commitment level of the respondents is describe? What is the level of
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of the following:
the Name
Organizational
a.
(optional)of the respondents?
Age a significant relationship between:
5. b.
Is there
c. Gender
a. the respondents Leadership Style level and their Organizational Commitment level.
d. Grade level
b. Organizational
the respondents
emotional Intelligence level and their Organizational Commitment level.
e.
Position
Note: In formulating the Statement of the Problem, question no. 1 should always be the profile
of the respondents and the last question must be the most important question that needs to be
answered.
6. Hypothesis
 Hypothesis are tentative statements about a given problem which serves as a
tentative answer to one or more of the research question and are subjected to
statistical test.
Ho- Null- No relationship/difference exist
Ha – Alternative- There’s a significant relationship/difference
Note: Hypothesis that is under a research proposal should always take a Null Hypothesis not
unless the study is done; we can now change the hypothesis depending on the result or
findings.
7. Scope and Delimitations of the study
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
INTRODUCTION TO THE NATURE AND INQUIRY OF RESEARCH
 Scope- it defines the exact boundaries of the investigation as they relate to the
nature of information necessary for the study and feasibility of obtaining them.
 Limitations- also known as the “bound”. It is the part that explains where you
drew the line on doing any further research.
8. Significance of the Study
 This portion indicates the need of the study and its possible applications and
utilizations.
9. Definition of Terms
 This part includes conceptual and operational definition of important terms as
used in the study.
Reference/s:
Baraceros, Esther L. (2017), Practical Research 2, Rex Book Store, Inc., First Edition