Mediterranean Sea:
o Syria is located eastern to Mediterranean Sea
o The Mediterranean Sea is connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the
Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land.
o Covers an area of about 2,500,000 km2
o Average depth of 1,500 m and the deepest recorded point is 5,109 m
o
The water temperatures are mild in winter and warm in summer Max.
temperature 28 °C. Min. temperature 12 °C.
o
Water volume 3,750,000 km3
Orontes (Asi) River:
o The Orontes rises in the springs near Labweh in Lebanon on the east side
of the Beqaa Valley and runs north, falling 600 metres (2,000 ft) through a
gorge to leave the valley.
o Main Springs: The Ain Ezzarqa, Al Ghab, Al Rouj, and Al-Azraq
o Major Cities on the river: Homs, Hamah, Idlib..
o Length 571 km
Citadel of Aleppo:
o A large medieval fortified palace in the centre of the old city of Aleppo,
northern Syria.
o One of the oldest and largest castles in the world.
o Built of limestones.
o Built: 3rd millennium BC.
o Internal sites: Entrance block, Ayyubid Palace and Hammam, Satura,
Hellenistic Well, and underground passages.
Ebla Kingdom:
o Ebla was one of the earliest kingdoms in Syria.
o Located about 55 km southwest of Aleppo near the village of Mardikh in
Idlib.
o The word "Ebla" means "white rock", referring to the limestone outcrop on
which the city was built.
o The first Eblaite kingdom has been described as the first recorded world
power.
o Established: 3000 bc
Mount Hermon "Jabal al-Shayk”:
o is constituting the southern end of the Anti-Lebanon mountain range at the
border between Syria and Lebanon.
o At 2,814 m above sea level, is the highest point in Syria.
o The southern slopes of Mount Hermon extend to the Golan Heights.
o Qasr Antar: the highest temple of the ancient world, made of hewn blocks of
stone on the summit of Mount Hermon.