Quantitative
Research
Vs
Qualitative
Research
(Cristobal & Cristobal, 2017)
Two broad categories of
research methodology:
1. Quantitative
research
2. Qualitative
research
• The method to be used in conducting a
research will determine the approach
the researcher takes in identifying
relevant data, and collecting and
analyzing the information gathered in
the research.
• Choosing either a quantitative or
qualitative approach will affect the
components of the research.
Example: Scientific Research
• Quantitative approach, the researcher will
use statistical data to provide an explanation
of the phenomenon.
• Qualitative approach, the goal of the study
will be to discuss and analyze the underlying
concepts and theories related to the research
topic.
Definition
of
terms
• contact time – the period when the
researcher interacts with the research
subjects or participants to obtain
relevant information
• hypothesis – a statement usually
predicting the relationship between
variables that can be tested by scientific
research
• outlier – a statistical observation
in a set of data that is inconsistent
with the majority of the data
• output replicability – capable of
repetition, imitation or
reproduction
• research instrument – a
measurement tool designed to obtain,
measure and analyze data from
research subjects around the research
topic
• trend – an assumed development in
the future that will have a long-term
and lasting effect; prevailing style or
preference
• validity – the functional quality of
research instrument on obtaining data
and producing results based on the
purpose of the study
• variable – any characteristic that can
have different values or traits that may
vary across research participants
Quantitative Research
Vs
Qualitative Research
Cristobal & Cristobal (2017) from the Social Science
Research Extension Institute (SSREI), University of the
Philippines (UP)-Baguio (2009).
Quantitative
Research
Qualitative Research
Aims to characterize trends
and patterns
Involves processes, feelings,
and motives (the why’s and
the how’s) and produces indepth and holistic data
Usually starts with either a
theory or hypothesis about
the relationship between two
or more variables
Usually concerned with
generating hypothesis from
data rather than testing a
hypothesis
Uses structured research
instruments like
questionnaires or schedules
Uses either unstructured or
semi-structured instruments
Quantitative
Research
Uses large sample sizes that are
representatives of the population
Qualitative Research
Uses small sample sizes chosen
purposely Has high output
replicability
Has high validity
Used to gain greater understanding Used to gain greater understanding
of group similarities
of individual differences in terms of
feelings, motives, and experiences
Uses structured processes
Uses more flexible processes
Methods include census, survey,
experiment, and secondary
analysis
Methods include field research,
case study, and secondary analysis
Generally, quantitative and
qualitative research differs on the type
of data they produce. The former dwells
on the collection of numerical data
analyzed by statistical analysis, while
the latter deals with descriptive, in-
depth and holistic data analyzed by
summarizing, categorizing and
interpreting.
• On this note, you need to use
quantitative research if you want
to confirm or test a theory or
hypothesis and use qualitative
research if you want to
understand concepts, thoughts
and experiences.
Research Question:
“How satisfied are
students with their
studies?”
Quantitative Research
You may survey 250 students at your
school and ask them a question, “On a
scale from 1-5, how satisfied are you
with your studies?” Then, you can
perform statistical analysis on the data
and draw conclusions such as: “On
average, students rated their studies
4.1”.
Qualitative Research
You may conduct in-depth interviews with 15
students and ask them open-ended questions
such as: “How satisfied are you with your
studies?”, “What is the most positive aspect
of your study program?”, and “What can be
done to improve the study program?” Based
on their answers, you can ask follow-up
questions to clarify things. Furthermore, you
can transcribe all interviews and try to find
patterns and commonalities.
“What is Qualitative
Research”
Alasuutari (2011)
CATEGORY
Question
Domains
Common
Sample Size
Contact Time
QUANTITATIVE
Who, What,
When, Where
150 to 200+
Validity
Must be true of
most of the data
or nomothetic
(laworiented)
QUALITATIVE
How, What, Why
10 to 15
10 to 20 minutes 45 to 240 minutes
each
Must be true of
each case or
ideographic (caseoriented)
CATEGORY
QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE
Variables
Define relationships Describe relationship
and establish
and establish meaning
general case
structures and contexts
Outliers
Unique positions
Valuable descriptive
lost to the weight of cases with unique
the average
access to average case
Examples
Surveys, numerical
counts, statistical
analyses,
mathematical
modeling
Interviews, literature
content reviews, real
world observations,
case studies,
ethnographies
Qualitative Research
• K-Pop Apocalypse: Invading Filipino Cultures
This study aimed to explore why Filipino
cultures are invaded by the K-Pop mania. In this
research, the researcher used survey and
descriptive method to determine the reasons
and venues of where Filipinos would usually find
out about K-pop. Their answers would then help
the researcher gather data on the awareness of
the respondents regarding K-pop and how it has
penetrated their life and culture.
Qualitative Research
• Livelihood Aspirations and Life Struggles of Badjao People
This study aimed to discover the livelihood aspirations and life
struggles of Badjao people in the 21st century generation. In this
ethnographic research, the researcher employed participant
observation with a combination of unstructured interviews as
tools in acquiring data. This involved the use of behavioral
analysis and recording of the information gained from
participating and observing on daily interactions. Through faceto-face discussions, the respondents’ subjective and detailed
personal story can be told. This further granted access to deep
knowledge and explanations, and helped in grasping the
subjects’ perspective on their livelihood aspirations and life
struggles
Quantitative Research
• K-Pop Comparative Assessment on the Full
Implementation of Senior High School Curriculum
among Private and Public Schools. This study aimed to
investigate the impact of the respondents’ expectations
and apprehensions on the effectiveness of the full
implementation of SHS curriculum. Comparative
assessment of the program was conducted between
private and public schools with students, parents,
teachers and principals as respondents. To give
comprehensive analysis, interpretation and implication of
data, weighted mean, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson r were
employed.
Quantitative Research
• Use of Supplemental Learning Materials in Improving
Students’ Academic and Attitudes in Pre-Calculus. This
study aimed to determine the effect of simplified
supplemental learning materials in improving students’
achievement and attitudes towards Pre-calculus. Quasiexperimental research design was employed with 70
students as subjects of the study. Mean Percentage Score
(MPS), weighted mean and t-test were applied to describe
data and make good inferences about the
experimentation. The researcher used the gathered
statistical data to analyze and interpret the achievement
and attitudes of students on using the supplemental
learning materials in Pre-Calculus.
•Any questions?
Let’s Check!
o ______________________________ uses
statistical data to explain a phenomenon. o
______________________________ aims to
discuss and analyze underlying concepts and
theories related to the study. o
______________________________ identifies
abstract concepts. o
______________________________ measures
numerical results to predict outcomes.
• Write a research title
• Provide justification/reasons for conducting
the research
• States research questions
• Indicates scope and delimitation of research
• Cite benefit and beneficiaries of research
• Present written statement of the problem.