INTRODUCTION: ART APPRECIATION (ARTA 111) WEEK 1: HUMANITIES - - Humanities came from the Latin word humanus meaning refined, cultured and human. o study of the different cultural aspect of man, his frailties in life and how it can be improved o records man’s quest for answers to the fundamental questions he asks about himself and about life Humanities are expressions of man’s feelings and thoughts o emphasizes dignity and worthiness of man and recognizes creative expressions o aimed to shape students’ subjective energies (feelings, attitudes and aspirations) Importance of Humanities 1. MAN NEEDS AN IMAGE OF HIMSELF 2. UNDERSTANDING OF HIS NATURES 3. NECESSARY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPLETE, SOCIAL MAN 4. PROVIDES MAN WITH A MEASURE OF HIS OWN PASSION & DESIRE 5. REGULATE MAN’S BEHAVIOUR ETYMOLOGY OF ART - ART comes from the Aryan root word AR which means to put together - Latin word ARS which means skills/ability - cover those areas of artistic creativity embraces the visual arts, literature, music and dance - expresses aesthetic ideas by use of skill & imagination DIVISION OF THE ARTS - Visual: arts that are primarily seen, occupies space o EXAMPLE: paintings, sculptures and architectures - Auditory: heard, timed arts; exist in time o EXAMPLE: music and poetry - Combined/performing arts: combines visual & auditory elements o EXAMPLE: drama & theatre, dancing, cinema & TV, opera PURPOSES OF THE ARTS 1. Create beauty 2. Provide decoration 3. Reveal truth 4. Immortalize 5. Immortalize 6. Record and commemorate experience 7. Create order & harmony WEEK 2: Basic Assumptions of the Art - - - - Art has been created by all people at all times, in all countries and it lives because its wellliked and enjoyed Art involves experience; there can never be appreciation of art without experience. Art is not nature; Nature is not art. o Art is made by human beings. Artist find frequently find their inspiration and subject matter in nature and do use nature as their medium but art itself is not nature. Art is made by man; Art is everywhere. o Art is everywhere except it has to pass through a creative mind – Louise Nevelson Art is man’s oldest means of expression; Art as a means of expression & communication. o Example is Hieroglyphics o The Galloping Wild Boar found in the cave of Altamira; Spain is one such example. In 1879, a Spaniard and his daughter were exploring a cave when they saw pictures of a wild boar, hind, and bison PREHISTORIC PAINTINGS - According to experts, these paintings were purported to belong to Upper Paleolithic Age, several thousands of years before the current era. Pre-historic men, with their crude instruments, already showcased and manifested earliest attempts at recording man’s innermost interests, preoccupations, and thoughts. - The humanities, then, ironically, have started even before the term has been coined. Human persons have long been exercising what it means to be a human long before he was even aware of his being one. The humanities stand tall in bearing witness to this magnificent phenomenon. Any human person, then, is tasked to participate, if not, totally partake in this long tradition of humanizing himself. WEEK 3: FUNCTIONS OF ART AND PHILOSOPHY POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS Visual arts - Is the kind of art form that the population is most likely more exposed to, but its variations are so diverse they range from sculptures that you see in art galleries to the last movie you saw. Some mediums of visual arts include paintings, drawings, lettering, printing, sculptures, digital imaging, and more. Film - Film refers to the art of putting together successions of still images in order to create an illusion of movement, Filmmaking focuses on its aesthetic, cultural, and social value and is considered as both an art and an industry. Performance art - Performance art is a live art and the artist’s medium is mainly the human body which he or she uses to perform, but also employs other kind of art such as visual art, props, or sound. Poetry performance - Poetry is an art form where the artist expresses his emotions not by using paint, charcoal, or camera, but expresses them through words. Architecture - Architecture – is the art of designing and constructing buildings and other types of structures. - It is often referred to as the “mother of the arts” because it houses, serves as background for, or occurs in relation to other fields of art. - Materials used include stone, concrete, brick, wood, steel, glass, and plaster. Dance - - Dance is series of movements that follows the rhythm of the music accompaniment. Generally, refers to human movement either used as a form of expression or presented in a social or spiritual or performance setting. Choreography – is the art of making dances and the person who does this is called a choreographer. Literary Art - Literary art goes beyond the usual professional, academic, journalistic, and other technical form of writing. It focuses on writing using a unique style, not following a specific form or norm. It may include both fiction and non-fiction such as novels, biographies and poems. Theater - Theater uses live performers to present accounts or imaginary events before a live audience. Theater art performance usually follows a script, though they should not be confused with literary arts. Applied Arts - Applied arts incorporate elements of style and design to everyday items with the aim of increasing their aesthetical value. Artists in this field bring beauty, charm, and comfort into many things that are useful in everyday life. THE FUNCTIONS OF ART a. AS A THERAPY In its therapeutic function, art can be and is used as therapy for individuals with a variety of illnesses, both physical and mental. b. ART AS ARTIFACT - Art also functions as an artifact: A product of a particular time and place, an artwork represents the ideas and technology of that specific time and place. The insights we gain into cultures, including our own are enhanced tremendously by such artifacts as paintings, sculptures, poems, plays, and buildings. c. PERSONAL FUNCTION OF ART - The personal functions of art are varied and highly subjective. This means that its function depends on the person- the artist who created the art. - Examples: Self-portrait, paintings that describes a emotional time in the artist life. d. SOCIAL FUNCTION OF ART - Artwork that is produced to reinforce and enhance a shared sense of identity in the family, community or civilization. - Art is considered to have a social function if and when it addresses a particular collective interest as opposed to a personal interest. Political art is a very common example of an art with a social function. Art may convey message of protest, contestation, or whatever message the artist intends his work to carry. - Examples: Yearbook, Family portrait, 9/11 memorials, murals in the community. e. PHYSICAL FUNCTION OF ART - The physical functions of art are the easiest to spot and understand. The physical functions of art can be found in artworks that are crafted in order to serve some physical purpose. f. Other Functions of Art - Music as an art is also interesting to talk about in relation to function. Music in its original form was principally functional. Music was used for dance and religion. Unlike today, when one can just listen to music for the sake of music’s sake, the ancient world saw music only as an instrument to facilities worship and invocation to gods. Music also was essential to dance because music assures synchronicity among dancers. o Art as a Representation o Art as a Disinterested Judgment o Art as a Communication of Emotion SUBJECT AND CONTENT - Subject refers to the visual focus or the image that may be extracted from examining the artwork. - Content is the meaning that is communicated by the artist or the artwork. Conventional - meaning, on the other hand, pertains to the acknowledged interpretation of the artwork using motifs, signs, symbols and other cyphers as bases of its meaning. These conventions are established through time, strengthened by recurrent use and wide acceptance by its viewers or audience and scholars who study then. TYPES OF SUBJECT Representational art - These types of art have subjects that refer to object or events occurring in the real world. Often, it is also termed figurative art, because as the name suggest, the figures depicted are easy to makes out and decipher. - Example: Monalisa Subjective - When subjectivities are consulted, a variety of meaning may arise when a particular work of art is read. These meanings stem from the viewer’s or audience’s circumstances that come into play when engaging with art. - Example: “Creation of Adam” by Michelangelo at Sistine Chapel Non-Representational art - This art does not make a reference to the real world, whether it is a person, place, thing, or even a particular event. It is stripped down to visual elements such as shapes, lines, emotion, and even concept. - Example: Jackson Pollock, detail of “Number 1A” WEEK 4 ARTIST AND ARTISAN Sources of Subject 1. Nature - Vincent van Gogh "Die Ebene von Auvers" 2. History - Battle of Waterloo 3. Greek and Roman Mythology - “Discobolus” – Greek original by the sculptor Myron of 450-440 BC 4. Judeo-Christian Tradition - “Sistine Chapel” – Michelangelo and “Interior of Westminster 5. Sacred oriental texts - “"Shah Jahan Receiving Dara Shikoh" 6. Other works of art Kinds of Subject 1. History 2. Landscape 3. Still life 4. Seascape 5. Cityscape 6. Animals 7. Figures 8. Mythology 9. Nature 10. Myth 11. Dreams 12. Fantasies CONTENT IN ART Levels of meaning Factual - pertains to the most rudimentary level of meaning for it may be extracted from the identifiable or recognizable forms in the artwork and understanding how these elements relate to one another. SOME OF THE GREATEST ARTISTS IN THE WORLD “MONALIZA” by LEONARDO DA VINCI (14521519) Known for Painting, drawing, sculpting, science, engineering, architecture, anatomy “THE STARRY NIGHT” VINCENT VAN GOGH Dutch post-impressionist 1853-1890 “ The Creation of Adam” -Michelangelo, in full Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, (1475-1564), Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. “DALAGANG BUKID” Fernando Amorsolo, who was touted as the “Grand Old Man of Philippine Art.” - He was a portraitist and painter of rural philippine landscapes - popularly known for his craftsmanship and mastery in the use of light - the father of philippine realism for his numerous realistic painting - he was the first recipient of the national artist award among filipino painters Who is an Artist? - An artist is a person who performs any of the creative arts. This captures all forms of art. - is an art practitioner such as painter, sculptor, choreographer, dancer, musician, etc. who produces or creates indirectly functional arts with aesthetic value using imagination. • The specialty of an artist is that he is able to create art for the sake of art itself without needing any ulterior motives. What is an Artisan? - An artisan is a skilled worker who makes things by hand. This includes various objects ranging from jewelry to furniture. • An artisan should not be confused with an artist because there is a clear difference in the things that they create. An artisan is able to produce something that has a functional value; although it should not be limited to its use value alone. What is the difference between Artist and Artisan? Definitions of Artist and Artisan: •Artist: An artist is a person who performs any of the creative arts. •Artisan: An artisan is a skilled worker who makes things by hand. What is an Art Curator? - Art curators are employed by museums and art galleries to design, develop and manage installations and exhibits. This requires them to acquire works of art, ensure proper storage and help maintain museum collections. - Characteristics of Artist and Artisan: Artistic Value: •Artist: The object has a clear artistic value. •Artisan: The object has an artistic value. Functional Value: •Artist: The object has no functional value. •Artisan: The object has a functional value. Object: •Artist: The object has a lot of aesthetic value and is appreciated for this quality as it pleases the individual. •Artisan: The object though utilitarian has certain aesthetic attributes to it. Artist pleasing work or aesthetic watercolor ink artisan functionality more than aesthetic craftmanship artist creative art for the sake of art itself artisan by hand building from jewelry to furniture has functional value mostly unknown or no name or an alias Cologne Cathedral in Germany • An examples of early Gothic architecture. • This is also a collaboration between the artist who made the design and the Artisan who help in the construction of the whole building. Artisan and Guilds - These guilds where towns had formalized groups of artisans or craftsmen who took on a particular specialization or trade; shoemakers, textile and glass workers, carpenters, carvers, masons, armorers, and weapon-makers, among others. Here, the practice of artists was not grounded on the idea of individual capacities or success ; rather, in the commitment to work together as a collective. - Guilds were a type of social fellowship, an association structured with rules, customs, rights, and responsibilities. With a lifetime commitment to a particular trade, an artisans develops immense skill and expertise in his craft. PHILIPPINE Artisans - Church of the Most Holy Trinity in Loay, Bohol. - Spanish friars commissioned a lot of artisans to carve, paint, and engrave images for churches and public sites. Art curators typically specialize in specific areas of art, like Western, Asian or contemporary art. The job duties of a curator are vast. They may put on public events like lectures and workshops, write grants and conduct fundraising activities. In addition, they conduct research projects and write papers for publication. Role of an Art Curator? - the role of the curator is more of the interpretation and development of the artwork(s) or the collection(s) through establishing the significance, relationship, and relevance of these materials----in isolation and/or as part of a wider narrative. Some of the roles expected of curators are the ability to research and write, as an arbiter of design and layout , and deciding for the display and hanging of materials foe exhibition. - art curator lecture workshop interpretation check the originality of artworks museums Entertainment only galleries - can be selled with value Production Process (1) preproduction. (2) production, and (3) postproduction. Awards and Citations. • The two major awards given to artist in the Philippines are the Order ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining (Order of national Artist) (Highest award) and Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (National Living Treasures Award). • The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) or The National Living Treasures Award was created in 1902 - national living treasures award starts and 1902 - any filipino traditional art folk things technical and artistic traditions with the traditional culture awardees - samaon sulaiman - masino intaray - Ginaw Bilog WEEK 5: ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART VISUAL ELEMENTS - The elements 1. Lines - Line is a mark on a surface that describes a shape or outline. It can create texture and can be thick and thin. Types of line can include actual, implied, vertical, horizontal, diagonal and contour line. - is an important element at the disposal of every artist. - always has direction, always moving. - as used in any work of art, may either be straight or curved. - Lines are the first element of art and are continuous marks that are made on any surface with a moving point. - Lines can be used in various ways to create different compositions. - A line can be used to express various things or feelings; it can be used to show various moods or anything abstract. - Line serves as an essential building block of art, but it can also serve as the content itself of a work of art, or be manipulated to evoke an emotional or intellectual response from a viewer (Fichner-Rathus, 2010). What do these lines suggest? • Vertical lines - are poised for action. They are poised, balanced, forceful, and dynamic. They express an impression of dignity. • Only vertical lines can be used to express an orderly feeling • Horizontal lines - are lines of repose and serenity. They express ideas of calmness and quiescence. • Only horizontal lines can give a feeling of peacefulness and stillness. • Diagonal lines - are used to create feelings of movement or action. • SIARGAO: The Surfing Capital of the Philippines • Curved lines - sometimes referred as S curves, suggest gracefulness or sexiness. • If you want to photograph S curves, the human body makes for a wonderful subject. • From the arch of a foot to the curve of a neck, you can find many ways to capture curved leading lines by photographing the human form. There are various ways to integrate lines into a photograph to help strengthen the overall composition and draw attention to a specific focal point. ACTIVITY: LEADING LINES IN PHOTOGRAPHY - When using vertical lines within a photo, it’s a good idea to follow the rule of thirds, failure to do so can result in a photo looking as though it’s been cut in half. It is also important to try to keep the vertical line as straight as possible. Vertical leading lines can help to illustrate - growth, authority, strength, or dominance. Some examples of vertical leading lines in photography include photographs of trees or tall buildings. Curved lines, sometimes referred as S curves, can help lead the eye through a photo and can suggest gracefulness, sexiness, or sensuality. Despite the name, S curves don’t need to be shaped exactly like an “s.” Any strong leading line that winds or curves can be considered an S curve. Some curved leading lines often used in photography include paths and rivers. Three Main Types of Lines 1. Repetition occurs when two or more lines are drawn within a corner following the lines of the corner. 2. Lines that are in opposition to each other form a contrast. 3. A transition line is a line that connects two workflow elements. Transition lines allow you to define what the next step in a workflow will be. The Art Element of Color - Color refers to the visual perception of light being reflected from a surface of an artwork. - In the most basic classification, colors can be divided into three groups: primary, secondary and tertiary. Attributes of Color • Hue is the term for the pure spectrum colors commonly referred to by the "color names" red, orange, yellow, blue, green violet - which appear in the hue circle or rainbow. Theoretically all hues can be mixed from three basic hues, known as primaries. • A color wheel is an abstract illustrative organization of color hues around a circle, that shows relationships between primary, secondary, and tertiary colors, etc. • Value refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. It is the quality which depends on the amount of light and dark in color. • Tints are values above the normal • Shades are values below the normal. • Intensity refers to the brightness or darkness of color. It gives color strength. When a hue is vivid form, it is said to be in full intensity. When it is dulled, it is said to be partly neutralized. Psychology of Colors • Colors have varied psychological and emotional connotations. – Black is associated with death and gloom – White stands for purity and innocence – Red is associated with blood, anger and fear – Green implies happiness and abundance Meanings of Colors Conveyed by the Rose • Red is for “I love you” • Pink conveys “Thank you” • White says “You are heavenly” • • • • • • • • • Coral speaks of desire. White roses denote secrecy, reverence and humility. Deep pink roses convey gratitude and appreciation. Light pink express sympathy, grace and gentility Red roses also mean courage and fortitude Yellow roses stand for freedom Red and Yellow stand for jovial /happy feelings Orange roses speak of enthusiasm and desire Red and White convey unity TEXTURE - is the element that deals more directly with the sense of touch. - applies to how an object feels or appears to feel. - can be either implied or actual. - Texture is the element that deals more directly with the sense of touch. - It has to do with the characteristics of surfaces which can be rough or smooth, fine or coarse, shiny or dull, plain or irregular. - Implied texture expresses the idea of how a surface might feel. For example, a painting of a blanket might convey the idea that the blanket is soft. - Actual texture, on the other hand, is texture that can actually be felt. For example, a ceramic bowl might feature a carved texture that could be felt when holding that bowl. - When talking about a three-dimensional object, space is the actual volume that is taken up by the artwork. SPACE - Space as an element of art, refers to distances or areas around, between or within components of a piece. - Space can be positive (white or light) or negative (black or dark), open or closed, shallow or deep and twodimensional or three-dimensional. - Sometimes space isn't actually within a piece, but the illusion of it is. Kinds of Space • Positive space - the areas in a work of art that are the subjects, or areas of interest. • Negative space – areas around the subjects, or areas of interest. Shape, Form, and Volume are words that are used to describe distinct areas or parts of works of art or architecture. FORM - Form applies to the over-all design of a work of art. - It describes the structure or shape of an object. The Art Element of Form PERSPECTIVE - Perspective deals with the effect of distance upon the appearance of objects, by means of which the eye judges’ spatial relationships. - Form refers to a three-dimensional object. As such, form is an art term that is only applied to those artworks that are three-dimensional, such as sculpture and pottery. Kinds of Perspective - Forms, much like shapes, can be geometric or organic. Geometric forms have hard lines and edges. Organic forms are curvy and more free-form. Linear perspective • is the representation of an appearance of distance by means of converging lines. • It has to do with the direction of lines and with the size of objects. • Painters usually show the effect of space and distance by using converging lines and diminishing size. • Parallel lines below the eye level seem to rise to a vanishing point in the horizon, while those above the eye level seem to descend to the vanishing point. • Foreshortening is the representation of objects or parts of the body as smaller from the point of view of the observer. Aerial perspective • is the representation of relative distances of objects by gradations of tone or color. • Objects become fainter in the distance due to the effect of the atmosphere. Objects appear to be lighter in color as they recede into the distance or atmosphere. The Art Element of Space - Space refers to how the artist fills the surface on which a work of art is created. It can also refer to the expression of depth within a work of art. Types of Form • Form and shape can also be described as either organic or geometric. • Organic forms such as these snow-covered boulders typically are irregular in outline, and often asymmetrical. Organic forms are most often thought of as naturally occurring. • Geometric forms are those which correspond to named regular shapes, such as squares, rectangles, circles, cubes, spheres, cones, and other regular forms. VOLUME • Volume refers to the amount of space occupied in three dimensions. • It refers to solidity or thickness.
