Energy Management
PE ZC352
Lecture - 1
BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus
Dr. Glynn John S
Mechanical Engineering Department
Energy Management
Introduction to energy
Energy Sources
Primary Vs. Secondary Energy (Energy
Currencies
Energy and Development
Indian Power Sector
Energy Conservation Schemes
Energy Auditing
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Textbooks
• WR Murphy & G McKay, “Energy Management”,
Butterworth Heinemann, 2011.
• Guide to Energy Management, Seventh Edition by Barney
L. Capehart, Ph.D., CEM, Wayne C. Turner, Ph.D. PE,
CEM, William J. Kennedy, Ph.D., PE
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Energy
Energy, in physics, the
capacity for doing work.
It may exist in potential,
kinetic, thermal, electrical,
chemical, nuclear, or other
various forms.
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Energy
Energy is defined as the capacity to do work.
Energy exists on its own in the universe, but to do work,
humans must harness and direct it.
Any work, including hunting and gathering for food and
construction of basic shelter, a trip to the grocery store,
lighting a house or using a computer requires energy.
By definition, all human activity, even the basic bodily
metabolism, requires energy.
The act of employing energy to do work forms the basis of
the energy industry.
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Energy Sources
Fossil Fuels –
Coal, Oil, Gas
Solar
Wind
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Hydro
Biomass
Energy Management
Nuclear
Geothermal
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Primary Vs. Secondary Energy (Energy Currencies)
 Humans harvest primary energy from nature and eventually turn this
energy into an energy service.
 Primary energy sources include primary energy flows (like solar power)
and primary fuels (like raw natural gas).
 Energy from primary energy sources almost always transformed into
different forms to make it easier to use, transport, or store. These forms
are called energy currencies.
 Several authors have introduced the idea of energy currency as a way
to think about these useful intermediate forms of energy.
 Examples of Energy Currency
 Electricity
 Oil Products
 Hydrogen
 Natural Gas
 Nuclear Fuel
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Primary Vs. Secondary Energy (Energy Currencies)
https://www.watt-watchers.com
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Energy Currencies
Source: https://energyeducation.ca
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Country’s Energy Flows
Source: https://energyeducation.ca
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Energy and Development
Energy
– Energy is well recognized to be the lifeline of all human
activities
– In a broad perspective, energy acts as a key catalyst in the
generation of wealth for a nation
– It plays a significant role in developing the technological,
industrial, economic and social sectors within the nation
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Human Development Index
• Human Development Index (HDI): A composite index
measuring average achievement in three basic dimensions
– a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard
of living.
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Energy Consumption Vs. HDI
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Share of people without energy access for
developing countries
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
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Indian Power Sector
2020 - 2021
Source: https://powermin.gov.in/
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Indian Power Sector
2021 - 2022
https://powermin.g
ov.in/sites/default/f
iles/uploads/MOP
_Annual_Report_
Eng_2021-22.pdf
Source: https://powermin.gov.in/
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Annual Global Energy Consumption
exajoule, an SI unit of
work or energy equal to
1018 joules.
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Global Temperature Rise
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Global Temperature Rise Predictions
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Sea Level Rise
Image Source:
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
January Sea
2023 Level Budget Group, CC BY 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0>,
WCRP7Global
via Wikimedia Commons
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How to meet energy needs?
Coal
coal burning produces sulfur dioxide, and carbon dioxide which produce acid rain
and potential global climate change. Research and development on "clean coal"
technology is currently underway.
Synfuels
(synthetic fuel Renewable/Alternative. a liquid or gaseous fuel derived from a
source such as coal, shale oil, tar sands, or biomass, used as a substitute for oil
or natural gas.)
They require strip mining, incur large costs, and place large demands for water in
arid areas. On-site coal gasification plants associated with gas-fired, combinedcycle power plants are presently being demonstrated by several electric utilities.
Solar-generated electricity,
whether generated through photovoltaics
or thermal processes, is still more expensive than conventional sources
and has large land requirements. Technological improvements are occurring in
both these areas, and costs are decreasing. Sometime in the near future, these
approaches may become cost-effective.
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
How to meet energy needs?
Biomass energy
is also expensive, and any sort of monoculture would
require large amounts of land. Some fear total devastation of forests.
At best, biomass can provide only a few percentage points of our total
needs without large problems.
Wind energy
is only feasible in limited geographical areas where the
wind velocity is consistently high, and there are also some noise and
aesthetic problems. However, the cost of wind generation systems
has come down to $1000-$2000 per kW, and they are cost-effective in
windy areas.
Fuel cells
and their ability to cleanly produce electricity from hydrogen and oxygen are what make them and hydrogen attractive. However, hydrogen is not a primary source of energy. It is made from
other forms of energy; most hydrogen production today is by steam
reforming natural gas. Natural gas is a fossil fuel, so the carbon
dioxide released in the reformation process adds to the greenhouse
effect. Only when hydrogen is made cost effectively from renewable
energy sources does it have any significant value as a fuel source
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
How to meet energy needs?
Alcohol
production from agricultural products raises perplexing questions
about using food products for energy when large parts of the world are
starving.
Newer
processes
for
producing
alcohol
from
wood waste are still being tested, and may offer some significant
improvements in this limitation.
Fission
has the well-known problems of waste disposal, safety, and a
short time span with existing technology. Without breeder reactors or
nuclear fuel reprocessing, we will soon run out of fuel, but breeder reactors dramatically increase the production of plutonium—a raw material for nuclear bombs. Nuclear fuel reprocessing could provide many
years of fuel by recycling partially used fuel now being kept in storage.
Newer reactor designs appear to be safer and potentially cheaper.
Fusion
seems to be everyone’s hope for the future, but many claim
that we do not know the area well enough yet to predict its problems.
When available commercially, fusion may very well have its own style
of environmental-economical problems.
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Sustainability
The three spheres of sustainability
(Passet, 1996)
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Sustainable Development
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Energy Demand
 Since the energy crisis encountered in late 1970s and early
1980s there has been a continuous increase in the energy
demand
 energy status clearly indicates the alarming limit for using the
conventional fossil fuel based energy sources
 The major energy challenges to be confronted in this regard can
be summarized as:
– Growing concerns about the extensive usage of primary and secondary
– Energies globally, imminent shortage of primary energy and its extraction
– Relative green house gas (GHG) emissions to the environment
– Evidences for climate changes and global warming impacts on the environment
– Overall rise in fuel prices
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Energy Management
Energy management is the efficient and effective use of
energy to maximize profits (minimize costs) and enhance
competitive positions.
Energy management has shown that it can substantially
reduce energy costs and energy consumption through
improved energy efficiencies.
This saved energy can be used elsewhere
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Energy Efficiency
 The concept of energy efficiency is indispensable in many engineering
applications and in fact has a strong relationship with the per capita energy
consumption and economic growth rate
 The term energy efficiency refers to the amount of energy actually required
to generate or produce the desired end products
 In other words, energy efficiency is a parameter that indicates the minimum
level of energy usage for performing an associated task and that largely
depends on the state-of-the-art technological and production processes
 Energy efficiency is highly valued in almost all engineering and
technological fields because of the workability of end-use product that
consume less energy on long term basis
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Energy Management
 Energy Management It can be defined as the
management of energy in a judicious manner and
effectively utilizing energy to maximize profits and
acquire enhanced competitive positions in the
global market
 Energy management is intensely coupled with
energy efficiency and increasing of which would
provide a cost effective pathway for reducing
greenhouse gas emissions.
 In recent years, the magnitude of energy
consumption in all sectors seems to crest from
the normal demand, and that has to be carefully
addressed
through
implementing
energy
conservative
and
energy
management
techniques.
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Thank You
References:
• WR Murphy & G McKay, “Energy Management”,
Butterworth Heinemann, 2011.
• Guide to Energy Management, Seventh Edition by Barney
L. Capehart, Ph.D., CEM, Wayne C. Turner, Ph.D. PE,
CEM, William J. Kennedy, Ph.D., PE
• https://www.watt-watchers.com
• https://energyeducation.ca
• https://powermin.gov.in/
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