Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan
SPERMONDE (2019) 5(1): 11-15
P-ISSN: 2460-0156
E-ISSN: 2614-5049
CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD POWDER
COMPOSITES AND BAGASSEAS CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS OF SHIP
Ersti Yulika Sari1*, Polaris Nasution1, Fajri Ramdhan1
Submitted: June 29, 2019 Accepted: July 10, 2019
ABSTRACT
Parameters for measuring the physical properties on this research are divided into three elements, including measurement of
weight, water absorption, and density. This research was conducted from January to March 2018 to determine the physical
properties of wood powder composites and bagasse. The manufacturing and testing process refers to the ASTM and JIS
standards. Weight and density testing refer to the ASTM D 792 standard while the water absorption test refers to the JIS A5908
standard. The results showed that the density of wood powder was 0.4175 gr / cm3, and the bagasse was 0.3125 gr / cm3.
Then, fiber absorption in units of volume to water and resin were 16.88% and 13.75% respectively. The results showed that
the largest water absorption was found in composite wood powder 60% and bagasse 40%, which was 13.47%, and for the
highest density values found in wood powder composites as much as 80% or 1,078.29 kg / m3.
Keyword: Physical Property, Composites, Wood Powder, bagasse
INTRODUCTION
Nasution (2014), states that the fixed parameters in
measuring the physical properties of a specimen are
divided into three elements, including weight
measurement, water absorption, and density. In general
composites are formed from two different types of
material: First, the matrix is generally more ductile but
has lower strength and rigidity. Second, reinforcement
is generally in the form of fibers that have less ductile
but rigid and stronger properties (Mulyatno and Sarjito,
2015).
Bagasse is a by-product of the sugarcane liquid
extraction process. The potential of bagasse is 30% of
the weight of sugarcane. Bagasse which is not utilized
can damage the environment and if it is burned it
certainly creates a new problem, namely air pollution
(Hizbullah, 2013).
Figure 2. Bagasse
Figure 1. Wood Powder
Wood powder is one type of wood particle whose
weight is very light in dry conditions and easily flown
by the wind. Where wood powder itself is known as
industrial furniture waste which is buried and tends to
become waste because it has not been used properly, so
it needs to be handled seriously. The utilization of wood
powder is a new alternative for obtaining carbon fiber
concrete obtained from burning wood powder waste.
Corresponding author:
Ersti Yulika Sari1*
Email: nonnysaleh2010@hotmail.com
1Jurusan Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Perikanan, Universitas
Negeri Riau
Bagasse is one of the sources of biomass produced by
sugar milling, which is quite large in number and has
not been fully utilized. At this time, a superabsorbent
polymer from bagasse material has been developed
which can absorb water and has up to hundreds of times
the absorption capacity of the polymer weight.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The method used in this study is an experimental
method that is conducting experiments directly. Namely
making composite boards using wood powder and
bagasse as reinforcing fibers and matrices.
There are several things that must be prepared before
the experiment begins:
1.
Make a mold with a size of 200mmx 170mm x
7mm
2.
Preparation of sawdust and bagasse
Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan
SPERMONDE (2019) 5(1): 11-15
3.
Measurement of density and composite
absorption
4.
Comparison of composite compositions
Table 1. Comparison of composite compositions
The volume of Material Composition
(%)
Specimens
Sawdust
Bagasse
A
10
90
B
20
80
C
30
70
D
40
60
E
50
50
F
60
40
G
70
30
H
80
20
I
90
10
1.
𝑆𝐺 =
Specimen density can be measured based
on test standards ASTM D792-08 begins
by measuring the weight of specimens in
water using a digital scale. Measurements
are made for 10 seconds, soaking so that
water entering the fiber can be minimized
(Nasution, 2014). Density measurements
can be calculated by using equation as
follow:
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑖𝑟
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑖𝑟 – 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = (𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑥 997,6)𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
SG: Specific Gravity
annotation: 997,6 kg/m2 is water density at temperature
23oC
A comparison of matrices is a mixture of resin
and catalyst with the appropriate comparison.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
2.
Comparing matrices and composites.
Specific Gravity
3.
Making composite board specimens
4.
for making specimens, several things need to
be done as follows::
In determining the density of a material by inserting
material into a container and then measuring the weight
of the material. Calculation using a formula that is:
5.
6.
a.
Prepare a mold that has been smeared with
mirror glaze.
b.
Combine wood powder composites with
bagasse
c.
Add the composite with the matrices, and
mix until smooth
d.
Pour into mold, flatten and cover tightly.
Physical testing is carried out after all stages
have been completed.
Physical measurements consist of:
a.
a weight measurement of specimens using
digital scales.
b.
Measurements are made before and after
immersion and heavy in dipping
conditions and floating on the surface of
the water as a basis for determining
specific gravity specimens. This weight
measurement refers to ASTM D 792.
c.
Specimens are tested by inserting all
specimens into the water for 24 hours
simultaneously.
d.
12
e.
After weighing, the results of the
measurements are compared with the
weight of the specimen before it is
inserted into the water. The weight
difference of the specimen indicates the
weight of the water absorbed (Wibawa
dan Pratiwi, 2003). Test and measurement
procedures refer to JIS A5908.
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
Table 2. Material of Mass
weight
Bahan
(gram)
Polyester
22,50
Resin
Wood
8,35
powder
Bagasse
6,25
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
Volume
(cm3)
Density
(gram/cm3)
20
1,125
20
0,4175
20
0,3125
Based on Table 2 shows that the density of the wood
powder is greater when compared to the density of
bagasse. So that the comparison of fiber variations in
this study there is a different weight between wood
powder and bagasse. However, when compared with
resin, the average ratio of each fiber in units of weight
is 24.5% and 65.5%. However, the ratio of weight can
change, because wood powder and bagasse have
different density. Rianto (2011), added that the density
of wood powder was 0.65 gr / cm3, and bagasse was
0.368 gr / cm3, where the density of the wood powder
is greater than the bagasse.
Absorption
Absorption calculation is done by soaking the wood
powder and bagasse into the water and resin in a
container. So that wood powder and bagasse can absorb
water and resin with better conditions, soaking for 24
hours. After that, put it in a container and squeeze it so
that no more water or resin will drip. Then, the
absorption of fiber is measured in units of weight and
volume, as seen in Table 3.
Ersti Yulika Sari et. al.
P-ISSN: 2460-0156
E-ISSN: 2614-5049
Table 3. Composite Absorption
Composite
Container
Wood
Bagasse
Powder
Water
50 %
50 %
Resin
50 %
50 %
Volume
Before
(cm3)
40
40
After
(cm3)
46,75
45,50
Based on Table 3, fiber absorption in units of the
volume is 16,88% and 13,75%. Whereas in weight units
absorption is increased, which is equal to 191,57%.
%
16,88
13,75
Weight
Before
(gram)
14
14
%=
m1: weight in the air
Measurement of specimen weight and water absorption
by the weighing of each type of specimens before and
after soaking in water for 24 hours. This measurement
refers to the standard test JIS A 5908 (2003). As shown
in Picture 3.
%
191,57
191,57
The thickness of the composite after soaking for 24 hours
varied from each specimen that had been made and tested All
composite thickness values in this study refer to the JIS A
5908 (2003) standard test wherein:
Characteristics of Physical Property
Measurement of weight and water absorption
After
(gram)
40,82
40,82
𝑚1 − 𝑚0
𝑥 100
𝑚0
m0: weight after soaking
To find out the absorption capacity of specimens to
water by conditioning the material with an environment
until absorption occurs from the material within a
certain time (Nasution, 2014). Then compared the
weight before and after the specimen absorbs water. So,
it can be seen that the water content absorbed by the
specimen, and its absorption power can be determined
(Merrit, 1969).
Figure 3. Measurement of weight and water absorption
Table 4. Water Absorption, Weight of Composite before and After Soaking
Composite
Wood
Powder
10 %
20 %
30 %
40 %
50 %
60 %
70 %
80 %
Bagasse
90 %
80 %
70 %
60 %
50 %
40 %
30 %
20 %
Volume
(cm3)
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
Water Absorption
(%)
Total Amount
In the air
(gram)
9,98
9,07
9,07
9,07
9,07
9,06
9,07
8,16
In the water
(gram)
9,77
8,87
8,88
8,97
8,97
8,86
8,16
7,26
After soaking
(gram)
10,98
10,17
10,27
10,34
10,37
10,47
10,37
9,16
9,11%
10,82%
11,68%
12,28%
12,54%
13,47%
12,54%
10,92%
There is no significant increase in the weight of the
composite ratio of 10% wood powder and 90% bagasse.
The increase occurred after the addition of wood
powder and reduction of bagasse, which reached
22.80% absorption in 60% composite of wood powder
and 40% bagasse. Due to the composition of 60% wood
powder and 40% bagasse, the specimens began to be
imperfect in the hardening process. More details can be
seen in Figure 4
The increase in weight is due to the increasing number
of wood powder composites, causing an increase in the
ability of water absorption in specimens, which is
13.47%. More details can be seen in Figure 5:
Ersti Yulika Sari et. al.
Figure 4. Weight Before and After Soaking
13
Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan
SPERMONDE (2019) 5(1): 11-15
Figure 5. Water Absorption on Composite Bagasse-Wood
Powder
Determination of Weight in Water and Density
Specimen density is measured based on the ASTM
D792-08 standard test, which begins with measuring the
weight of specimens in water using a digital scale.
Containers for placing specimens to be measured are
weighted at each angle so that the specimens have space
to expand in the water as immersion. During
measurement, the specimen is in water and has space
and experiences compressive forces above the water
surface (Manohar, 2012). To minimize the water
absorbed, the measurement is carried out for 10
minutes. More details can be seen in Figure 6:
Figure6. Measurement for Spesifik Gravity of Wood Powder
and Bagasse
Density and Specific Gravity can be calculated based on
standard equations ASTM D-792-08 so that
measurements and calculations of specific graphs and
densities of each composite specimen were obtained.
More details can be seen in Table 5.
Table 5. Weight in the air, Spesifik Gravity, and Specimen density
Composite
Total Weight Specimen
Volume
Wood
In the air
In the water Specific
(cm3)
Bagasse
After soaking (gram)
Powder
(gram)
(gram)
Gravity
10 %
90 %
8.75
9,98
9,77
0,2062
10,98
20 %
80 %
8.75
9,07
8,87
0,2161
10,17
30 %
70 %
8.75
9,07
8,88
0,2053
10,27
40 %
60 %
8.75
9,07
8,97
0,1080
10,34
50 %
50 %
8.75
9,07
8,97
0,1080
10,37
60 %
40 %
8.75
9,06
8,86
0,2163
10,47
70 %
30 %
8.75
9,07
8,16
0,9832
10,37
80 %
20 %
8.75
8,16
7,26
1,0809
9,16
Density
Kg/m3
205,72
215,58
204,80
107,79
107,79
215,82
980,88
1078,29
With the addition of variations between wood powder
and bagasse, the weight of composite specimens in
the water is less light than the weight in the air. This
is due to the absorption of water in the specimen.
Weight reduction in water can be seen in Figure 7.
The specific gravity of composites also varies, which
can be seen in Figure 7.
Figure 8. The density of wood powder bagasse
Figure 7. Specific Gravity of Wood Powder and Bagasse
Composite
14
In Figure 8, it can be seen that the higher the
percentage of wood powder in the composite, and the
lower the percentage of bagasse, the greater the
density. However, the density has decreased in the
percentage of wood powder 40% by 107.79 grams.
Then the largest density of wood percentage
composites is 80%, which is equal to 1078.29 grams.
Ersti Yulika Sari et. al.
P-ISSN: 2460-0156
E-ISSN: 2614-5049
CONCLUSION
Polyester resin 1,125 g / cm3, wood powder 0,4175 g
/cm3 and bagasse 0,3125 g / cm3. Water absorption
to the composite is 16.88% while the absorption of
polyester resin to the composite is 13.75%.
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