Airport Design 02-04-2022 Kathlene Mae S. Mandar BSCE-4 What is airport transportation? the movement of passengers and cargo by aircraft such as airplanes and helicopters. it provides efficiency and value when long distances are traveled What is aviation? How about aeronautics? Aviation involves the study of the science, design, and manufacture of flying vehicles focusing on operating an aircraft, and activities involved in mechanical flight and the aircraft industry. Drawing by Leonardo da Vinci for a gilder with bat's wings. Trivia The term "aviation" is sometimes used interchangeably with aeronautics, although "aeronautics" includes lighter-than-air craft such as airships, and includes ballistic vehicles while "aviation" technically does not. Aeronautics involves flying or operating an aircraft and various activities surrounding mechanical flight and the aircraft industry involves science, design, and manufacture of design What is airport planning? is a systematic process that establishes a strategy for the efficient development of airports consistent with local, State, and national goals. History: How did aviation get started? 5th century - where the history of aviation dates; the invention of kites in China 15th century - famous artist Leonardo da Vinci created the first drafts for a rational aircraft in his paintings 1647 - Tito Livio Burattini developed a model aircraft featuring four pairs of glider wings, but it never supported the weight of a person 1970 - Francesco Terzi, the Father of Aeronautics, published a theory that showed the possibility of lighter-than-air aircraft made of copper foil cylinders History: The Wright Brothers in the History of Aviation Between 1900 and 1902, the Wright Brothers, Wilbur and Orville Wright from Dayton, Ohio, designed and tested numerous glider and kite models. They built a wind tunnel and then created various devices to measure the drag and lift on more than two hundred wing designs. Finally, their third glider was a success as it outdid its predecessors, which heavily contributed to the aeronautical engineering field. Steps in Airport Planning Planning Step Description Preplanning considerations Coordination, planning, procedure, planning organization, goals and policy objectives. Forecasting for planning purposes Requirements, forecasts required accuracy, methods and principles of forecasting, factors, presentation of forecasts Financial arrangements and controls Capital costs: currency requirements, source of funds, domestic and foreign financing. Operational costs: source of income, financial control and accounting Site evaluation and selection Land required, location of potential sites, factors affecting airport location, preliminary study of possible sites, site inspection; operational, social and cost considerations, environmental study, review of potential sites, outline plans and estimate of costs and revenues, final evaluation Runway and Taxiways Dimensions, strength, aircraft characteristics, performance and runways length, configuration airfields capacity Aprons Layout of Aprons, size of stands, parking, service and hanger aprons, holding bays, security, apron accommodation. Air and ground navigational and traffic control aids Visual aids, radio navigation aids and their buildings, demarcation of critical areas, air traffic services search and resume services, apron control communications. Passenger bulding Planning principles, airport traffic and service characteristics, factors effecting scale of services to be supplies, capacity and demand Cargo facilities Siting, building function and type, apron, facility requirement, access parking, inspection and control Ground transport and internal airport vehicle circulation and parking Private and public transport modes, traffic data, internal roadway circulation curbside, vehicle parking. Airport operation and support facilities Administration and maintenance, medical centre, ground vehicle fuel stations, generating stations, water supply and sanitation, meteorological services, air crew buildings, aircraft maintenance, rescue firefighting , general aviation facilities. Air craft fuel facilities. Security Air side security: roads fencing isolated parking positions, security parking area. Land side security: Passe What are the requirements of airport design? As mentioned in the earlier answer, the main consideration is the availability of land. Once the land is available, the details are considered. There are two important elements of the Airport that needs to be considered for all the development, 1. Runway & Airfield, 2. Passenger Terminal. Both these elements are designed based on the Air Traffic Movements and Passenger Movements in peak hours respectively to decide the size of the Airport. The peak hour numbers are based on the forecast which needs to be carried out even before land is available to ascertain the size of the airport through the planning horizon of 20-30 years. So the single most factor that decides the planning and design of the airport is Peak Hour Traffic for the design day or planning horizon. Once the size is determined all other factors like size of land available, business model, local context etc are considered. Runway and Airfield are designed based on the Critical Aircraft to be served, fleet mix, land available and orientation of the runway.
