Purposive Communication Lecture Notes
Communication
University of the City of Manila
3 pag.
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COMMUNICATION
Generally defined as the exchange of thoughts,
ideas, concepts, and views between two or more
people, various contexts come into play
CONTEXT
It is the circumstance or environment in which
communication takes place.
CONTEXT
1. Physical or Actual Setting
2. Value positions of a speaker/listener
3. Relevance or appropriateness of message
conveyed
Communication may be classified according to
1. COMMUNICATION MODE
2. CONTEXT
3. PURPOSE & STYLE
Different contexts can impact one’s communication.
Each communication type is governed by a
particular circumstance. Thus, it is essential to pay
attention to the interplay of factors surrounding the
context of communication which may be physical,
cultural, social and psychological in nature.
Types of Communication according to MODE
1. Verbal – Non-Verbal communication
2. Visual communication
A message may be conveyed with these types.
Though communication is often thought of as
verbal, the non-verbal mode is equally essential as it
enhances one’s message.
Verbal-Non-Verbal Communication
 Effective communication calls for blending of
these two types.
Ex. Door-to-door salespersons who demonstrate
product knowledge can only be effective if they
know how to properly punctuate what they say with
proper gestures and facial expressions.
Visual Communication
 Uses visuals to convey information and/or
messages
 It can be achieved through digital mode or text.
 It now occupies an important place in any work
environment.
 How these symbols are interpreted is very
crucial in visual communication. There are some
instances when visual comm is classified under
non-verbal
communication
(persuasive
communication).
Ex. Signs, symbols, emojis, infographics, photos,
presentations, videos, etc.
Use Big Images To Show Your Ideas
Types of Communication according to CONTEXT
1. INTRAPERSONAL Communication
2. INTERPERSONAL Communication
3. EXTENDED Communication
4. ORGANIZATIONAL Communication
5. INTERCULTURAL Communication
1. INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
 Latin; INTRA – within or inside
 Intrapersonal communication means talking
to oneself.
 Other labels include: self or inner talk, inner
monologue, or inner dialogue, selfverbalization or self-statement
Reasons for Intrapersonal Comm:
• Boost confidence when nervous to speak in
front of an audience;
• Apprise yourself that you performed
• a good job; and
• Console yourself that you did a task poorly.
Self-talk can be advantageous as it can enable you
to practice what you ought to say in times when you
lack the motivation and confidence to speak. As you
respond to life’s challenges, you may also find
yourself verbalizing your thoughts and feelings. It is
then important to introspect, you are able to
improve on your decisions in life and likewise
enhance your self-worth as a person.
•
•
•
•
You got this!
Do I really wanna do this?
Well done, YOU!
You’ve come a long way. Nice!
2. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
 Latin; INTER – between, among or together
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 Interpersonal communication means an
interactive exchange
 Also known as group communication
straight
ahead.
Jeepneys take the
same route and it
shouldn’t take you
more than 10 minutes
even with the traffic.
However, as interpersonal comm occurs, a
transaction doesn’t necessarily take place since it
can only be a simple interaction such as – greeting,
getting to know a person, or ordinary conversations
that happen between or among the interactants.
This may occur in dyads or small groups also known
as group communication.
A communication is interpersonal when -• it is meant to establish or deepen one’s
relationship with others.
• Interpersonal talks are meant for
maintaining
social
relationships,
transactional talks aim to accomplish or
resolve something at the end of the
conversation.
Interpersonal – social relationships – characterized
by less seriousness & formality
Transactional - objective is to achieve something at
the end of the conversation – more formal &
profound
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
SPEAKER A: Hello! I’m
KC Ramos. And you
are?
SPEAKER A: She’s my
cousin. Her mom and
mine are sisters. How
about you?
SPEAKER B: Oh, I’m
Miko Mendoza. Glad
to meet you. How are
you related to the
debutante?
SPEAKER B: She was
my
high
school
classmate. I never met
any of her cousins so
it’s great to meet you
now.
SPEAKER A: Yes, same
here. Nice meeting
you too.
TRANSACTIONAL COMMUNICATION
SPEAKER A: Excuse me.
Would you know how
to get to the nearest
mall?
SPEAKER B: Yes. In fact
you may go there on
foot or take a jeepney.
It’s a 20 minute walk.
Just turn left then
SPEAKER A: Thank you
very much. I think I will
just take the public
transport as I am
running out of time.
You’ve been really
helpful.
EXTENDED COMMUNICATION
A communication is extended when - It involves the use of electronic media.
Messages are transmitted quickly.
Ex.
 Television, radio, expanded to --- tele, audio or
phone conferencing;
 Video conferencing; skype calls;
 E-conferencing (Webinars) – participants may
not be physically present but are still able to
track down the lectures and actively participate
actively because of mass articulation and
dissemination of information, allowing speakers
to reach a wider group of listeners (ex. MOOC,
Coursera)



It is public in nature.
Language used may be more formal.
Your own thinking, behavior, and attitude may
be influenced by other people and you may be
persuaded to take views you hear.
It is important that you weigh and assess them
against those beliefs that you hold onto so don’t get
easily swayed by other people’s convictions.
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
 The focus is on the role that communication
plays in organizational contexts.
 For an organization to be successful, a system of
communication should be put in place.
 A set of rules or standards for communication
protocol should be made clear so that
interaction patterns are established.
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Organizations comprise individuals who work for
the company.
On the part of the individual, you should be
equipped with the needed oral & written
communication skills that the organization expects
you to possess.
This particularly
communication.
happens
with
non-verbal
It is important then not to be judgmental or to rush
into interpretations as cultures sometimes vary
enormously.
Types of Communication according to PURPOSE &
STYLE
1. FORMAL communication
2. INFORMAL communication
In this type of communication, rather than focusing
on the transmission of messages and message flow,
the focus here is on the COMMUNICATION SETTING
and MODE OF DELIVERY.
according to PURPOSE & STYLE
Downward Comm – Superior to subordinate (ex.
President to a manager) – usually asking individuals
to perform a task.
Upward Comm – Subordinates to bosses – send
views/feedback on organizational policies, issues
related to their jobs and the like.
Horizontal Comm – facilitate performance of tasks
through proper coordination (Subject Coordinators,
Program Heads)
Diagonal Comm – Superior-project heads-staffmanagers – various levels & units communicate &
coordinate with each other
Informal / Grapevine – occurs due to the
dissatisfaction of some employees accompanied by
uncertainty – superiors playing favorites,
unfavorable company rules, etc.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
 The communication between or among people
having different linguistic, religious, ethnic,
social, and professional backgrounds.
 Even gender difference affects communication.
 Individuals having different orientations
communicate
and
interpret
messages
differently.
1. FORMAL communication
 to inform, to educate, to persuade
 Employs formal language delivered orally or
in written form
 Formal situations & writings such as lectures, public talks/speeches, researches &
project proposals, reports & business letters
Note that while lectures and speeches are delivered
orally, the texts have been thought out carefully and
written well before they are delivered. The main
objectives of this type of communication is to
inform, to educate, and to persuade.
2. INFORMAL communication
 Doesn’t employ formal language. Oral (faceto-face), phone calls, written texts (e-mails,
letters)
 Personal & ordinary situations such as –
conversations with friends, family members,
or acquaintances about anything under the
sun
 to socialize and enhance relationships
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