EXAM # 1 REVIEW SHEET
ART 102
14TH C. ART in EUROPE
Classicism of Greece and Rome
Byzantine Style
Gothic Style
HUMANISM
St. Francis of Assisi
Tuscany – Florence and Siena
TEMPERA Paint
Wood Panel
FRESCO
Giotto St. Francis Preaching to the Birds c.1290 San Francesco, Assisi Fresco
ITALIAN PAINTING
THE STYLE OF THE SCHOOL OF SIENA
DUCCIO DI BUONINSEGNA (1255 – 1319) Virgin and Child in Majesty Siena Cathedral 1308-11
Duccio Annunciation of the Death of the Virgin Maesta Altar 1308 Tempera on Panel
THE STYLE OF THE SCHOOL OF FLORENCE
GIOTTO DI BONDONE (c.1266- c.1337) Most Important Painter of the Proto – Renaissance.
Worked in Florence for over 30 years. Major influence for many later Renaissance painters.
Giotto di Bondone Virgin and Child Enthroned Church of Ognissanti 1305
Giotto Christ Entering Jerusalem 1305 Arena Chapel, Padua
Giotto The Lamentation 1305-06 Arena Chapel, Padua
Giotto Death of St. Francis St. Croce, Florence c.1318-20 Fresco
RENAISSANCE ART in 15TH C. ITALY Renaissance – “Rebirth” of the Classical Age
Guilds – New rising Merchant class of Art patrons
Medici Family - Lorenzo de Medici
Verrochio Lorenzo de Medici c.1480 Painted Terra Cotta
BRUNELLESCHI (1377 – 1446)
Brunelleschi Dome of Florence Cathedral 1420-36
Linear or Scientific Perspective - Vanishing Point Horizon Line
DONATELLO (1386 – 1466)
DONATELLO St. George Tabernacle Or San Michele 1410-17 Marble
Donatello Equestrian Monument of Gattamelata 1445-50 Piazza del Santo, Padua Bronze
Donatello Mary Magdalene 1430-50 Polychrome and Gold on Wood
Donatello David 1420s-60s Bronze
MASACCIO (1401-1428)
Masaccio The Tribute Money Fresco c.1425
ARCHITECTURE New application and arrangement of Classical Shapes and Forms
Leon Battista Alberti Palazzo Rucellai Florence 1446 Balances Horizontal and Vertical Thrust
Michelozzo di Bartolomeo Palazzo Medici Riccardi 1444 Balances Horizontal and Vertical Thrust
SANDRO BOTTICELLI (1444 – 1510)
Sandro Botticelli Birth of Venus c.1485 Tempera
ANDREA MANTEGNA (1431 – 1506)
Mantegna Dead Christ c.1500 Oil on Canvas (FORESHORTENING)
ITALY in the EARLY 16TH CENTURY – THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
THREE GREAT ARTISTS of the EARLY 16TH CENTURY
LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452 – 1519)
Leonardo Embryo in the Womb c.1510 Pen Drawing Combines - “Sight and Insight”.
Leonardo Vitruvian Man c.1487 Pen and Ink “Man is the measure of all things”
Leonardo Drawing of a Flying Machine c.1486 Pen and Ink
Leonardo Virgin of the Rocks c.1485 Oil on Panel Uses Chiaroscuro and Sfumato
CHIAROSCURO - the modeling of forms in painting by depicting and contrasting light and shade,
creating soft contours which allow the forms to blend into the background.
SFUMATO –Hazy effect used in painting to create mood.
Leonardo The Last Supper c.1495-98 Tempera Wall Fresco
Leonardo Mona Lisa 1503-05 Oil on Panel
MICHELANGELO BUONAROTTI (1475 – 1564)
Michelangelo. Pieta. 1499 Marble St. Peter's, Vatican
Michelangelo. David 1501-1504 Marble
Michelangelo Moses c.1513-1515 Marble St.Peter's, Rome
Michelangelo Awakening Prisoner c.1525 Marble
Michelangelo. Sistine Chapel Ceiling Frescoes
Michelangelo. The Creation of Adam. 1511 - 1512. Fresco Sistine Chapel Ceiling
RAPHAEL (SANTI) (1483 – 1520)
Raphael Madonna in the Meadow c.1505 Oil on Wood
Raphael. The School of Athens. 1509. Fresco. Vatican, Stanza della Segnatura, Rome
THE LATE RENAISSANCE
TITIAN (Tiziano Vecellio) (1488 – 1576)
Trained with Bellini & Giorgione. Dominates Venetian Painting for 50 years
Titian Pastoral Concert c.1509 Oil on Canvas
Titian. Venus of Urbino. 1538. Oil on canvas
Titian Pieta c.1576
Michelangelo’s Late Work
Michelangelo. The Last Judgment. 1534-1541. Fresco. Sistine Chapel, Vatican
Contorted figures within turbulent composition. This later work reflects his synthesis of the Mannerist style.
Michelangelo. St. Peter's Basilica. 1546-1564. Rome
A succession of exterior elements (pilasters, columns, ribs) accentuate the upward thrust of the dome, unify the building,
and demonstrate its internal stresses.
Michelangelo. Pieta. c.1550. Marble Depicts himself as a disciple tending the body of Christ.
Michelangelo. Pieta Rondanini, (unfinished) 1564. Marble
MANNERISM
Parmigianino Madonna with the Long Neck c.1535 Oil on Panel Exemplifies the Mannerist style.
Jacopo da Pontormo The Entombment c.1526 Oil on Panel Florence
Bronzino Allegory of Venus c.1546 Oil on Panel Exemplifies the “Mannerist Style”.
LATER RENAISSANCE ART IN VENICE
JACOPO TINTORETTO (1518 – 1594) The Last Supper 1594 Oil on Canvas
Jacopo Tintoretto, Christ at the Sea of Galilee, c. 1575, oil on canvas
Andrea Palladio Villa Rotonda Vicenza c.1567 Reflects a new interpretation of ancient architecture.
The building represents an example of “Classicizing” – Use of qualities of ancient art although the results may not look like
ancient works. Palladio’s work had great impact on future architects including Thomas Jefferson.