Course Title:
Course Code:
Credit Hours:
Department:
Organization:
Semester:
Power Systems Analysis
EE-446
3-1-4
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Air University Islamabad, Pakistan
Spring-23
Text Book:
-Power System Analysis and Design, by J. Duncan Glover 5th / 6th Edition
Reference Books:
- Power System Analysis, by Hadi Saadat
- Power System Load Flow Analysis, by Lynn Powell
Course Assessment:
- Total 100%: Assignments 10%, Quizzes 10%, Complex Engineering Problem 10%, Mid Term 25%, and Final Term 45%.
Instructor: Dr. Ashfaq Ahmad (Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering)
Email Address: ashfaq.ahmad@mail.au.edu.pk
Web-Page: https://sites.google.com/site/ashfaqahmadciit/
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Lecture 01: Introduction to Power System Analysis
Content Covered:
• What is power system analysis?
• Motivation— why do we need analysis of power systems?
• When do we need power system analysis?
• How to perform power system analysis?
• Historical background— power system
• Pakistan’s electricity sector
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Lecture 01: Introduction to Power System Analysis
What is power system analysis?
• Application of mathematics to power systems (think of circuit analysis).
- Aim: to determine the state of power system components.
Voltage
Generators
Current
Lines
Power
Transformers
Loads
• Example: consider a purely resistive line denoted by R=10 Ω. If 100 V is applied across R,
determine the following:
- Current owing through the line?
- Power loss?
- Power transfer?
Required ratings for safe operations of the
component— no burnout?
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Lecture 01: Introduction to Power System Analysis
Why do we need analysis of the power system?
• To check whether the power system components are operating (or will operate) within
certain limits.
Voltage limits
Current limits
Power limits
}
Avoid excessive violations (deviations)
- Quality-of-Service (QoS)
- Safety in system operations
When do we need power system analysis?
•
•
•
•
Before building a new power system.
Integration of new components with the existing power system.
Upgradation of existing power system components.
Analysis of contingencies and/or transients in power system.
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Lecture 01: Introduction to Power System Analysis
How to perform power system analysis?
• Perform calculations for power system variables in two states.
Steady state
- Tools
- Based on timescales of interest
- PSSE
- PSCAD
- Simscape Power Systems (MATLAB-Simulink)
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Transient state
Lecture 01: Introduction to Power System Analysis
History of electric power system
[1882] rst power station in New York employing
- DC generator driven via steam engines
- Total load (lighting only) of 30 kW @ 110 V
- DC motor invented and increased attractiveness of the DC system
- DC voltage level transformation in not easy— obstacle to power transmission over longer distances
[1885] invention of AC transformer
- Solution to power transmission over longer distances and capability to serve more loads.
[1885/6] William Stanley developed commercially practical transformer
[1888] AC motor invented by Nicola Tesla
[1889] rst AC power line in Oregon, USA
- Two 300 hp waterwheel turbines — transmitted @ 4 kV to Portland
[1893] the rst three-phase system @ 2.3 kV
Recall: two main operating frequencies worldwide (50 Hz and 60 Hz)!
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Lecture 01: Introduction to Power System Analysis
History of electric power system
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Lecture 01: Introduction to Power System Analysis
Pakistan’s electricity sector
• Two vertically integrated public sector companies.
- WAPDA: for all Pakistan except Karachi.
- K-electric: for Karachi and its surrounding areas.
• As of June 2020:
- Installed capacity of 37,402 MW as of June 2020.
- Maximum total demand of nearly 25,000 MW.
- Transmission and distribution capacity is stalled
at approximately 22,000 MW.
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