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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Supply Chain Management
Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of an interconnected network of
companies engaged in delivering the final package of products and services required by
the end customer. Supply chain management includes all the movement and storage of
raw materials, work-in-progress and finished product inventories from the point of origin
to the point of consumption (the supply chain). A simple supply chain is made up of
several elements linked by the movement of products along it. The supply chain begins
and ends with the customer. Supply chain management (SCM) is a set of methods used to
efficiently integrate organizational units (suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses and
stores) along an SC and coordinate flows (material, information and financial flows) so
that goods are produced and distributed at the CS level. the right amount in the right
place at the right time To optimize system-wide performance, meeting customer service
level requirements. Customer: The customer starts the chain of events when they decide
to purchase a product that has been offered for sale by a company. The customer contacts
the sales department of the company, which enters the sales order for a specific quantity
to be delivered on a specific date. If the product has to be manufactured, the sales order
will include a requirement that needs to be fulfilled by the production facility.
Planning: The requirement triggered by the customer's sales order will be combined with
other orders. The planning department will create a production plan to produce the
products to fulfill the customer's orders. To manufacture the products the company will
then have to purchase the raw materials needed.
Purchasing: The purchasing department receives a list of raw materials and services
required by the production department to complete the customer's orders. The purchasing
department sends purchase orders to selected suppliers to deliver the necessary raw
materials to the manufacturing site on the required date.
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Inventory: The raw materials are received from the suppliers, checked for quality and
accuracy and moved into the warehouse. The supplier will then send an invoice to the
company for the items they delivered. The raw materials are stored until they are required
by the production department.
Production: Based on a production plan, the raw materials are moved inventory to the
production area. The finished products ordered by the customer are manufactured using
the raw materials purchased from suppliers. After the items have been completed and
tested, they are stored back in the warehouse prior to delivery to the customer.
Transportation: When the finished product arrives in the warehouse, the shipping
department determines the most efficient method to ship the products so that they are
delivered on or before the date specified by the customer. When the goods are received
by the customer, the company will send an invoice for the delivered products.
1.2 Supply Chain Management levels
To ensure that the supply chain is operating as efficient as possible and generating the
highest level of customer satisfaction at the lowest cost, companies have adopted Supply
Chain Management processes and associated technology. Supply Chain Management has
three levels of activities that different parts of the company will focus on: strategic;
tactical; and operational.
Strategic: At this level, company management will be looking to high level strategic
decisions concerning the whole organization, such as the size and location of
manufacturing sites, partnerships with suppliers, products to be manufactured and sales
markets:

Strategic network optimization, including the number, location, and size of
warehousing, distribution centers, and facilities.

Strategic partnerships with suppliers, distributors, and customers, creating
communication channels for critical information and operational improvements
such as cross docking, direct shipping, and third-party logistics.
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Product life cycle management so that new and existing products can be optimally
integrated into the supply chain and capacity management activities.

Information technology infrastructure to support supply chain operations.

Where-to-make and what-to-make-or-buy decisions.

Aligning overall organizational strategy with supply strategy.
Tactical: Tactical decisions focus on adopting measures that will produce cost benefits
such as using industry best practices, developing a purchasing strategy with favored
suppliers, working with logistics companies to develop cost effect transportation and
developing warehouse strategies to reduce the cost of storing inventory:

Sourcing contracts and other purchasing decisions.

Production decisions, including contracting, scheduling, and planning process
definition.

Inventory decisions, including quantity, location, and quality of inventory.

Transportation strategy, including frequency, routes, and contracting.

Benchmarking of all operations against competitors and implementation of best
practices throughout the enterprise.

Milestone payments.

Focus on customer demand.
Operational: Decisions at this level are made each day in businesses that affect how the
products move along the supply chain. Operational decisions involve making schedule
changes to production, purchasing agreements with suppliers, taking orders from
customers and moving products in the warehouse:

Daily production and distribution planning, including all nodes in the supply
chain.

Production scheduling for each manufacturing facility in the supply chain (minute
by minute).

Demand planning and forecasting, coordinating the demand forecast of all
customers and sharing the forecast with all suppliers.
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Sourcing planning, including current inventory and forecast demand, in
collaboration with all suppliers.

Inbound operations, including transportation from suppliers and receiving
inventory.

Production operations, including the consumption of materials and flow of
finished goods.

Outbound operations, including all fulfillment activities, warehousing and
transportation to customers.

Order promising, accounting for all constraints in the supply chain, including all
suppliers, manufacturing facilities, distribution centers, and other customers.
Organizations increasingly find that they must rely on effective supply chains, or
networks, to successfully compete in the global market and networked economy. In Peter
Drucker's (1998) new management paradigms, this concept of business relationships
extends beyond traditional enterprise boundaries and seeks to organize entire business
processes throughout a value chain of multiple companies. If a company expects to
achieve benefits from their supply chain management process, they will require some
level of investment in technology. The backbone for many large companies has been the
vastly expensive Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) suites, such as SAP and Oracle.
Since the wide adoption of Internet technologies, all businesses can take advantage of
Web-based software and Internet communications. Instant communication between
vendors and customers allows for timely updates of information, which is key in
management of the supply chain.
1.3 Ruby on Rails
Ruby on rails is a web application framework written in Ruby, a dynamic programming
language. Ruby on Rails uses the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture pattern to
organize application programming interpreted; high-level, general-purpose language. A
model in a Ruby on Rails framework maps to a table in a database. A controller is the
component of Rails that responds to external requests from the web server to the
application, and responds to the external request by determining which view file to
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render. A view in the default configuration of Rails is an erb file. It is typically converted
to output html at run-time. It is a dynamic, general-purpose object-oriented programming
language. It combines syntax inspired by Perl, also influenced by Eiffel and Lisp. It
supports multiple programming paradigms, including functional, object oriented,
imperative and reflective has a dynamic type system and automatic memory
management. Ruby is a met programming language. Rails are an open source Ruby
framework for developing database-backed web applications. The Rails framework was
extracted from real-world web applications. Thus it is an easy to use and cohesive
framework that's rich in functionality & all layers in Rails are built to work together and
use a single language from top to bottom. Everything in Rails (templates to control flow
to business logic) is written in Ruby, except for configuration files – YAML
1.4 Motivation
As now a day’s there are several products are getting manufactured in industries so that
we cannot maintain the each inventory (products) data in hard copy. That’s why in this
project we convert hard data to QR code format. There are many moving parts in a
project and keeping track of them is a time-consuming process. To overcome those
problems a web application called VISN (Visual Inventory Supply Chain Network) was
built to reduce the supply chain and asset management timeline in the aerospace industry.
VISN automatically tracks the model progress of every inventory and it will maintain
tracks using an automatically generated QR code (quick response code). The generated
QR code will be attached to the indusial inventory/product. Generated QR code contains
the information of each inventory and each inventory will have a unique code and all
generated QR codes will be stored in the secure/well-known storage servers to track
inventory in the future with generated QR code. The amount of scanned data is composed
of the company’s web server. The data are stored in form of QR code with help of the
server. Client or user scan the scan the QR assigned on inventory and analyze it. Once
we scan the QR code of the inventory we get the details of the inventory when it is
manufactured, model name, where it has been placed, etc.
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1.5 Problem Statement
 User doesn’t have an access to login into the website. For the same I was supposed to
integrate the User Registration and User Login Pages.
 To create an item there are many other mandatory fields supposed to be filled. For the
same I assigned to create Category, Sub Categories and all other item information.
 After Item creation, the same item should tagged with unique QR code. When QR
scans’s it should redirect the item information.
Ex: https://moma.projectvison.com/items/:id ( https://moma.projectvisn.com/items/1)
 Once QR code generated the same information should store in the Postgres SQL
database.
1.6 Objectives
1. To Understand Specification of the individual Items or (Inventory). Each Individual
Users (Who have ability to access application).
2. To make Items / Parts in an organized way and To make sure users have will have not
any other confusion using the items/ parts.
3. To not disclose Items / Parts of information of the directly physically/ visually, we
kind of introducing concept called QR.
4. To generate Unique Item name and QR Code to give complete information about the
Item.
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1.5 Organization of Thesis
The comprehensive details regarding the chapters and the report's contents are provided
in this part.
I.
Chapter 1: The background, reasons for starting the project, goals, and other
project objectives will all be covered in this chapter, which provides a brief
explanation of the project's work. In aims and objectives, it mostly covers how
the system is more successful, such as how little money is used, making it
costefficient, and how quickly processing will occur with correct results.
II.
Chapter 2: The literature survey that is now in use and functioning is the main
topic of discussion in this chapter.
III.
Chapter 3: Mainly discuss about the some of the definitions, hardware and
software details are provided
IV.
Chapter 4. In this chapter discuss about the existing and propose network
infrastructure.
V.
Chapter 5: discuss how exactly migration take place form older network to new
network.
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
In paper [1] Ang, JC & Chee, Li & Majid, Hairudin.” The application of webbased inventory management system for small and medium enterprise (SME/SMI”.
Inventory system is control management of items that being held by one organization
especially in industry sector. A good industry management whereby the organization has
sufficient stock of the right quality available at the right time is very important to ensure a
well operation of an organization and to avoid loss that might occur. This paper has been
written to give a methodology of applying Periodic Review System to analysis the
optimal quantity of stock should be order. The aim is producing a webbased inventory
management system that able to reduce the cost of organization and also increase their
profit. A case study for few furniture and hardware company has been included to
demonstrate the proposed methodology.
In paper [2] Muyumba, Thomas & Phiri, Jackson. “ A Web based Inventory
Control System using Cloud Architecture and Barcode Technology for Zambia Air
Force”. Inventory management of spares is one of the activities Zambia Air Force (ZAF)
undertakes to ensure optimal serviceability state of equipment to effectively achieve its
roles. This obligation could only be made possible by automating the current manual and
paper based inventory system. A web based inventory management system using cloud
architecture and barcode technology was proposed. A literature review was conducted on
three technologies used in the inventory management that is Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID), Barcode Technology and Near Field Communication (NFC). A
review was also undertaken on the related works to identify the concept that could be
adopted in the proposed system. A baseline study was performed to understand the
challenges faced by ZAF in the inventory management of spares. The results of the
baseline study were analyzed and found that the challenges were attributed to the current
manual inventory management system mainly due to human errors, incorrect inventory
reporting and pilferage of items. The proposed prototype system was developed and
tested and proved to be faster, efficient and more reliable than the manual and paper
based system.
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In paper [3] Ramakrishnan, Parthasarathi & Ma, Yongsheng. Adaptive Supply
Chain Systems: IoT Based Conceptual Framework. Internet of Things (IoT) has enhanced
the day-to day life of human beings in various fields. Even though the modern industry
has gained a phenomenal benefit from IoT, the potential to use these tools in the Supply
Chain Management (SCM) and Supply Chain Innovation (SCI) has not been fully
explored. Hence this paper investigates the IoT, SCM and SCI. It explores the IoT impact
on SCM and develops a conceptual framework that creates a system linking the four
aspects of the supply chain (warehouse, supplier, logistics and client) using IoT. This
framework demonstrates how IoT could enhance SCM, which helps the members of the
supply chain to improve their overall performance through enhanced information sharing,
efficient resource utilization and reduced loss of merchandise along the supply chain. The
major components of the proposed framework are information collecting devices, the
network for transmitting the collected information and the integrated information
management system where the information collected is processed and analyzed for use by
the end user. Additionally, this framework explores all possible supply chains for the
product and suggests an appropriate supply chain primarily based client desires and
demands. The ability of the framework to discover the viable su pply chains is
accomplished with the aid of data sharing by the suppliers. Finally, the integrating the
proposed framework with the existing ERP systems are discussed with the help of a case
study
In paper [4] Min Qin, XueMei Zhang, HongXia The Research of Supply Chain
Management Information System Based on Web, Internet is the biggest carrier of global
information resources in 21st century. Domestic enterprises want to join in with product
suppliers and customers only through the internet. This is the meaning of supply chain
management systems. This paper proposed the solutions based on web model, introduced
the web framework model, and analyzed the functional requirements of supply chain
management information system in detail. Finally an example of the supply chain
management system based on Web is given to illustrate the workflow.
In paper [5] Dawei Wang, Yuehwern Yih, PhD School of Industrial Engineering
Web-based, Multi-platform, Centralized, Offline Compatible Supply Chain Management
System for Emergency Responses The efficiency of humanitarian aid supply chains is
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critical to effective emergency response. In addition, a sustainable supply chain network
facilitates the rapid recovery of devastated areas and provides relief for the affected
populations. Thus, an efficient, reliable and sustainable emergency supply chain
management system plays a critical role in the humanitarian relief operations. Currently,
a typical NGO ERP (enterprise resource planning) system does not address the specific
needs of emergency humanitarian relief functions. Without an emergency supply chain
management system, the lack of coordination and potential human errors will cause
unnecessary delays and wastes in resources, which jeopardizes the safety, and sometimes
survival, of affected people. In addition, tracking relief materials from donor resources all
the way to distribution to target beneficiaries is important for accountability and
transparency. In this project, Purdue University and Catholic Relief Services (CRS) are
codesigning a web-based, multi-platform, centralized, offlinecompatible electrical
emergency response system. This system is capable of connecting all global warehouses
across different country programs, requesting and approving relief materials, checking
inventory levels, tracking relief materials from donors to beneficiaries, and automatically
generating accounting and beneficiary reports. This application will help NGOs form
efficient, reliable and sustainable distribution plans for emergency responses with the
most updated information.
In paper [6] D. Kozma, P. Varga and C. Hegedüs, "Supply Chain Management
and Logistics 4.0 - A Study on Arrowhead Framework Integration," The purpose of this
research is twofold. First, to identify the impacts of the Industry 4.0 changes on Supply
Chain Management (SCM) and Logistics. Second, to provide principal ideas on how to
support these domains from the aspect of the Arrowhead Framework. The new industrial
revolution brings many technological innovations, and the production-supporting
management areas should be changed accordingly. Regarding the Industry 4.0
terminology, this paper reviews the main changes of Industry 4.0 and the current issues,
then introduces new perspectives of SCM and Logistics. It also presents a solution to
support the updated terminology through the Arrowhead Framework, which is already
proposed for various use-cases throughout the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
domain. The operation of the suggested architectural solution is illustrated through an
example of a papermaking production process.
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CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
To develop a web application using Ruby on Rails Framework, you need to install the
following software −

Ruby

The Rails Framework

A Web Server

A Database System
We assume that you already have installed a Web Server and a Database System on your
computer. You can use the WE Brick Web Server, which comes with Ruby. Most
websites however use Apache or light TPD web servers in production. Rails works with
many database systems, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Oracle, DB2 and SQL
Server. Please refer to a corresponding Database System Setup manual to set up your
database. Let's look at the installation instructions for Rails on Windows and Linux.
Step 1: Check Ruby Version
First, check if you already have Ruby installed. Open the command prompt in Linux and
type ruby -v. If Ruby responds, and if it shows a version number at or above 2.2.2, then
type gem --version. If you don't get an error, skip Install Ruby step. Otherwise, we'll
install a fresh Ruby.
Step 2: Install Ruby
If Ruby is not installed, then download an installation package from rubyinstaller.org.
And run the resulting installer. This is an exe file rubyinstaller-2.2.2.x.exe and will be
installed in a single click. It's a very small package, and you'll get Ruby Gems as well
along with this package. Please check the Release Notes for more detail.
Step 3: Install Rails
Install Rails − With Ruby gems loaded, you can install all of Rails and its dependencies
using the following command through the command line − C :\> gem install rails
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Step 4: Check Rails Version
Use the following command to check the rails version.
C:\> rails -v
Output
Rails 4.2.4
Rails Installation on Linux We are installing Ruby On Rails on Linux using rbenv. It is a
lightweight Ruby Version Management Tool. The rbenv provides an easy installation
procedure to manage various versions of Ruby, and a solid environment for developing
Ruby on Rails applications.
Follow the steps given below to install Ruby on Rails using rbenv tool.
Step 1: Install Prerequisite Dependencies
First of all, we have to install git - core and some ruby dependence that help to install
Ruby on Rails. Use the following command for installing Rails dependencies using yum.
Step 2: Install rbenv
Now we will install rbenv and set the appropriate environment variables. Use the
following set of commands to get rbenv for git repository.
tp> git clone git://github.com/sstephenson/rbenv.git .rbenv
tp> echo 'export PATH = "$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
tp> echo 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> ~/.bash_profile
tp> exec $SHELL
tp> git clone git://github.com/sstephenson/ruby-build.git ~/.rbenv/plugins/ruby-build
tp> echo 'export PATH = "$HOME/.rbenv/plugins/ruby-build/bin:$PATH"' <<
~/.bash_profile
tp> exec $SHELL
Step 3: Install Ruby
Before installing Ruby, determine which version of Ruby you want to install. We will
install Ruby 2.2.3. Use the following command for installing Ruby.
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tp> rbenv install -v 2.2.3
Use the following command for setting up the current Ruby version as default.
tp> rbenv global 2.2.3
Use the following command to verify the Ruby version.
tp> ruby -v
Output
Ruby 2.2.3p173 (2015-08-18 revision 51636) [X86_64-linux]
Ruby provides a keyword gem for installing the supported dependencies; we call
them gems. If you don't want to install the documentation for Ruby-gems, then use the
following command.
tp> echo "gem: --no-document" > ~/.gemrc
Thereafter, it is better to install the Bundler gem, because it helps to manage your
application dependencies. Use the following command to install bundler gem.
tp> gem install bundler
Step 4: Install Rails
Use the following command for installing Rails version 4.2.4.
tp> install rails -v 4.2.4
Use the following command to make Rails executable available.
tp> rbenv rehash
Use the following command for checking the rails version.
tp> rails -v
Output
tp> Rails 4.2.4
Ruby on Rails framework requires JavaScript Runtime Environment (Node.js) to manage
the features of Rails. Next, we will see how we can use Node.js to manage Asset Pipeline
which is a Rails feature.
Step 5: Install JavaScript Runtime
Let us install Node.js from the Yum repository. We will take Node.js from EPEL yum
repository. Use the following command to add the EPEL package to the yum repository.
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tp> sudo yum -y install epel-release
Use the following command for installing the Node.js package.
tp> sudo yum install nodejs
Congratulations! You are now on Rails over Linux.
Step 6: Install Database
By default, Rails uses sqlite3, but you may want to install MySQL, PostgreSQL, or other
RDBMS. This is optional; if you have the database installed, then you may skip this step
and it is not mandatory that you have a database installed to start the rails server. For this
tutorial, we are using PostgreSQL database. Therefore use the following commands to
install PostgreSQL.
tp> sudo yum install postgresql-server postgresql-contrib
Accept the prompt, by responding with a y. Use the following command to create a
PostgreSQl database cluster.
tp> sudo postgresql-setup initdb
Use the following command to start and enable PostgreSQL.
tp> sudo systemctl start postgresql
tp> sudo systemctl enable postgresql
You can verify if everything is set up according to your requirements or not. Use the
following command to create a demo project.
tp> rails new demo
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Figure 3.1 bundle install
It will generate a demo rail project; we will discuss about it later. Currently we have to
check if the environment is set up or not. Next, use the following command to run
WEBrick web server on your machine.
tp> cd demo
tp> rails server
It will generate auto-code to start the server
Now open your browser and type the following −
http://localhost:3000
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Figure 3.2 welcome board window
3.1 Architecture of Web-based Inventory Management System
Figure 3.3: Architecture of Web-based Inventory Management System
Above figure 3.1 shows the architecture of the VISN (visual inventory supply chain
network) application. It consists of client, server, database, QR code, & postgre SQL. As
displayed in the figure 1 it has essentially maker who sends the stock printed version of
information to the client. Then the client will switch the information over completely to
PDF, that changed over information is gotten through Gmail, with assistance of server
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and information base, the VISN a web application will produce the QR code. The created
QR code is put away in the PostgreSQL that connection is shared to the maker. There are
many moving parts in a project and keeping track of them is a time-consuming process.
To overcome those problems a web application called VISN (Visual Inventory Supply
Chain Network) was built to reduce the supply chain and asset management timeline in
the aerospace industry. VISN automatically tracks the model progress of every inventory
and it will maintain tracks using an automatically generated QR code (quick response
code).The generated QR code will be attached to the indusial inventory/product.
Generated QR code contains the data of each stock and each stock will have a unique
code and all generated QR codes will be stored in the secure/well-known storage servers
to track inventory in the future with generated QR code. The amount of scanned data is
composed of the company’s web server. The data are stored in form of QR code with
help of the server. Client or user scan the scan the QR assigned on inventory and analyze
it. Once we scan the Quick Response code of the inventory, we get the details of the
inventory when it is manufactured, model name, where it has been placed, etc.
PostgreSQL might be a strong, open stockpile object-social data framework that purposes
and broadens the SQL language joined with a few choices that securely store and scale
the first troublesome information jobs. The beginnings of PostgreSQL start to 1986 as a
piece of the POSTGRES project at the University of CA at Berkeley and have very thirty
years of dynamic improvement on the center stage. PostgreSQL has procured a strong
name for its very much attempted plan, dependableness, information honesty, solid list of
capabilities, extensibility, and furthermore the commitment of the open stockpile local
area behind the bundle to methodically convey per formant and imaginative
arrangements. PostgreSQL runs on all major in activity frameworks, has been ACIDagreeable starting around 2001, and has strong additional items like the famous Postages
geospatial data extender. It’s nothing unexpected that PostgreSQL has turned into the
ASCII text document on-line information base of determination for a few people and
associations. After storing in the PostgreSQL there is a storage link that is shared to the
client then the client has given a access link once they logging in with the accessed mail
id they easily alter the information of the inventory and they easily generate the qr code
by adding the item name and item description and generate the qr code. After storing the
data in PostgreSQL the link is shared via Gmail to the client once the client receives the
link with his access the client will log in them he will scan the QR code and he has only
person to access the information of the QR code or us.
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CHAPTER 4
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
The above flow chart shows the proposed methodology of the entire project, first we have to
create the sign up credentials and login data. Then create the categories by giving the specific
name of the indivual inventory and by saving the categories we have to create the item
description of the indivual inventory and generate the QR code for the individual inventory and
store in the data base.
Fig.4.1 The flow chart for proposed methodology
As shown in the figure 4.1, it contains procedure to generating the QR code. Those steps are
explained in details in below section as follows:
I.
II.
III.
User authentication procedure
Creating a Category Sub category & item creation
Generating the QR code
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User authentication procedure
For user authentication procedure these are the below procedures to generate the user
authentication. Those procedures are listed one by one.
Step1: Build user model
Step 2: Add Confirmation and Password Columns to Users Table
Step 3: Create Sign Up Pages
Step 4: Create Login Page
Step 5: Add Password Reset Functionality
Step 6: Build Password Reset Forms
Step 1: Build User Model
1. Generate User model.
Algorithm: rails g model User email: string
# db/migrate/[timestamp]_create_users.rb
class CreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
def change
create_table :users do |t|
t.string :email, null: false
t.timestamps
end
add_index: users, :email, unique: true
end
end
2. Run migrations.
Algorithm: rails db:migrate
3. Add validations and callbacks.
# app/models/user.rb
class User < ApplicationRecord
before_save :downcase_email
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validates :email, format: {with: URI::MailTo::EMAIL_REGEXP}, presence: true,
uniqueness: true
private
def downcase_email
self.email = email.downcase
end
end
Step 2: Add Confirmation and Password Columns to Users Table
1. Create migration.
Algorithm: rails g migration add_confirmation_and_password_columns_to_users
confirmed_at:datetime password_digest:string
2. Update the migration.
# db/migrate/[timestamp]_add_confirmation_and_password_columns_to_users.rb
class AddConfirmationAndPasswordColumnsToUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
def change
add_column :users, :confirmed_at, :datetime
add_column :users, :password_digest, :string, null: false
end
end


The confirmed at column will be set when a user confirms their account. This will
help us determine who has confirmed their account and who has not.
The password digest column will store a hashed version of the user's password.
This is provided by the has_secure_password method.
3. Run migrations.
rails db:migrate
4. Enable and install BCrypt.
This is needed to use has_secure_password.
# Gemfile
gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'
bundle install
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5. Update the User Model.
# app/models/user.rb
class User < ApplicationRecord CONFIRMATION_TOKEN_EXPIRATION10.minutes
has_secure_password
before_save :downcase_email
validates :email, format: {with: URI::MailTo::EMAIL_REGEXP}, presence: true,
uniqueness: true
def confirm!
update_columns(confirmed_at: Time.current)
end
def confirmed?
confirmed_at.present?
end
def generate_confirmation_token
signed_id expires_in: CONFIRMATION_TOKEN_EXPIRATION, purpose:
:confirm_email
end
def unconfirmed?
!confirmed?
end
private
def downcase_email
self.email = email.downcase
end
end
Step 3: Create Sign up Pages
1. Create a simple home page since we'll need a place to redirect users to after they
sign up.
Algorithm : rails g controller StaticPages home
2. Create Users Controller.
Algorithm : rails g controller Users
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# app/controllers/users_controller.rb
class UsersController < ApplicationController
def create
@user = User.new(user_params)
if @user.save
redirect_to root_path, notice: "Please check your email for confirmation instructions."
else
render :new, status: :unprocessable_entity
end
end
def new
@user = User.new
end
private
def user_params
params.require(:user).permit(:email, :password, :password_confirmation)
end
end
3. Build sign-up form.
<!-- app/views/shared/_form_errors.html.erb -->
<% if object.errors.any? %>
<ul>
<% object.errors.full_messages.each do |message| %>
<li><%= message %></li>
<% end %>
</ul>
<% end %>
<!-- app/views/users/new.html.erb -->
<%= form_with model: @user, url: sign_up_path do |form| %>
<%= render partial: "shared/form_errors", locals: { object: form.object } %>
<div>
<%= form.label :email %>
<%= form.email_field :email, required: true %>
</div>
<div>
<%= form.label :password %>
<%= form.password_field :password, required: true %>
</div>
<div>
<%= form.label :password_confirmation %>
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<%= form.password_field :password_confirmation, required: true %>
</div>
<%= form.submit "Sign Up" %>
<% end %>
4. Update routes.
# config/routes.rb
Rails.application.routes.draw do
root "static_pages#home"
post "sign_up", to: "users#create"
get "sign_up", to: "users#new"
end
Step 4: create log in page
1. Generate Sessions Controller.
Algorithm: rails g controller Sessions
# app/controllers/sessions_controller.rb
class SessionsController < ApplicationController
before_action :redirect_if_authenticated, only: [:create, :new]
def create
@user = User.find_by(email: params[:user][:email].downcase)
if @user
if @user.unconfirmed?
redirect_to new_confirmation_path, alert: "Incorrect email or password."
elsif @user.authenticate(params[:user][:password])
login @user
redirect_to root_path, notice: "Signed in."
else
flash.now[:alert] = "Incorrect email or password."
render :new, status: :unprocessable_entity
end
else
flash.now[:alert] = "Incorrect email or password."
render :new, status: :unprocessable_entity
end
end
def destroy
logout
redirect_to root_path, notice: "Signed out."
end
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2. Update routes.
# config/routes.rb
Rails.application.routes.draw do
...
post "login", to: "sessions#create"
delete "logout", to: "sessions#destroy"
get "login", to: "sessions#new"
end
3. Add sign-in form.
<!-- app/views/sessions/new.html.erb -->
<%= form_with url: login_path, scope: :user do |form| %>
<div>
<%= form.label :email %>
<%= form.email_field :email, required: true %>
</div>
<div>
<%= form.label :password %>
<%= form.password_field :password, required: true %>
</div>
<%= form.submit "Sign In" %>
<% end %>
Step 5: Add Password Reset Functionality
1. Update User Model.
# app/models/user.rb
class User < ApplicationRecord
...
PASSWORD_RESET_TOKEN_EXPIRATION = 10.minutes
...
def generate_password_reset_token
signed_id expires_in: PASSWORD_RESET_TOKEN_EXPIRATION,
:reset_password
end
...
def send_password_reset_email!
password_reset_token = generate_password_reset_token
UserMailer.password_reset(self, password_reset_token).deliver_now
end
...
end
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2. Update User Mailer.
# app/mailers/user_mailer.rb
class UserMailer < ApplicationMailer
...
def password_reset(user, password_reset_token)
@user = user
@password_reset_token = password_reset_token
mail to: @user.email, subject: "Password Reset Instructions"
end
end
<!-- app/views/user_mailer/password_reset.html.erb -->
<h1>Password Reset Instructions</h1>
<%=
link_to
"Click
here
to
edit_password_url(@password_reset_token) %>
reset
your
password.",
<!-- app/views/user_mailer/password_reset.text.erb -->
Password Reset Instructions
<%= edit_password_url(@password_reset_token) %>
Step 6: Build Password Reset Forms
1. Create Passwords Controller.
rails g controller Passwords
# app/controllers/passwords_controller.rb
class PasswordsController < ApplicationController
before_action :redirect_if_authenticated
def create
@user = User.find_by(email: params[:user][:email].downcase)
if @user.present?
if @user.confirmed?
@user.send_password_reset_email!
redirect_to root_path, notice: "If that user exists we've sent instructions to their
email."
else
redirect_to new_confirmation_path, alert: "Please confirm your email first."
end
else
redirect_to root_path, notice: "If that user exists we've sent instructions to their
email."
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end
end
def edit
@user = User.find_signed(params[:password_reset_token], purpose: :reset_password)
if @user.present? && @user.unconfirmed?
redirect_to new_confirmation_path, alert: "You must confirm your email before you
can sign in."
elsif @user.nil?
redirect_to new_password_path, alert: "Invalid or expired token."
end
end
def new
end
def update
@user = User.find_signed(params[:password_reset_token], purpose: :reset_password)
if @user
if @user.unconfirmed?
redirect_to new_confirmation_path, alert: "You must confirm your email before you
can sign in."
elsif @user.update(password_params)
redirect_to login_path, notice: "Sign in."
else
flash.now[:alert] = @user.errors.full_messages.to_sentence
render :edit, status: :unprocessable_entity
end
else
flash.now[:alert] = "Invalid or expired token."
render :new, status: :unprocessable_entity
end
end
private
def password_params
params.require(:user).permit(:password, :password_confirmation)
end
end
The create action will send an email to the user containing a link that will allow them to
reset the password. The link will contain their password_reset_token which is unique and
expires. Note that we call downcase on the email to account for case sensitivity when
searching.You'll remember that the password_reset_token is a signed_id, and is set to
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expire in 10 minutes. You'll also note that we need to pass the method purpose:
:reset_password to
be
consistent
with
the
purpose
that
was
set
in
the generate_password_reset_token method.Note that we return Invalid or expired
token. if the user is not found. This makes it difficult for a bad actor to use the reset form
to see which email accounts exist on the application.The edit action simply renders the
form for the user to update their password. It attempts to find a user by
their password_reset_token. You can think of the password_reset_token as a way to
identify the user much like how we normally identify records by their ID. However,
the password_reset_token is randomly generated and will expire so it's more
secure.The new action simply renders a form for the user to put their email address in to
receive the password reset email.The update also ensures the user is identified by
their password_reset_token. It's not enough to just do this on the edit action since a bad
actor could make a PUT request to the server and bypass the form. If the user exists and
is confirmed we update their password to the one they will set in the form. Otherwise, we
handle each failure case differently.
2. Update Routes.
# config/routes.rb
Rails.application.routes.draw do
...
resources :passwords, only: [:create, :edit, :new, :update], param: :password_reset_token
end
We add param: :password_reset_token as a named route parameter so that we can
identify users by their password_reset_token and not id. This is similar to what we did
with the confirmations routes and ensures a user cannot be identified by their ID.
3. Build forms.
<!-- app/views/passwords/new.html.erb -->
<%= form_with url: passwords_path, scope: :user do |form| %>
<%= form.email_field :email, required: true %>
<%= form.submit "Reset Password" %>
<% end %>
<!-- app/views/passwords/edit.html.erb -->
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<%= form_with url: password_path(params[:password_reset_token]), scope: :user,
method: :put do |form| %>
<div>
<%= form.label :password %>
<%= form.password_field :password, required: true %>
</div>
<div>
<%= form.label :password_confirmation %>
<%= form.password_field :password_confirmation, required: true %>
</div> = form.submit "Update Password" %>
<% end %>
Figure 4.2 welcome user sign window
Figure 4.3 user log in log out window
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II.
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Creating a Category Sub category & item creation
The below algorithm shows the creating the category and sub category
Algorithm:
class Category < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :subcategories, :
class_name => "Category",
:foreign_key => "parent_id",
dependent => :destroy belongs_to :parent_category, :
class_name => "Category",
:optional => true
end
To create the table use this migration:
class CreateCategories < ActiveRecord::Migration
def self.up
create_table :category do |t|
t.string
:text
# table name should be in plural
t.references :parent_category, foreign_key: { to_table: :categories }
t.timestamps
end
end
end
In your controller use
def index
@category = nil
@categories = Category.find(:all, :conditions => {:parent_id => nil } )
end
to find all categories without a parent, ie the main categories
To find all sub-categories of any given category use:
# Show subcategory
def show
# Find the category belonging to the given id
@category = Category.find(params[:id])
# Grab all sub-categories
@categories = @category.parent_category
# We want to reuse the index renderer:
render :action => :index
end
To add a new category use:
def new
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@category = Category.new
@category.parent_category = Category.find(params[:id]) unless params[:id].nil?
end
It creates a new category and sets the parent category, if it is provided (otherwise it becomes
a Main Category)
Note: I used the old rails syntax (due to laziness), but for modern versions of Rails the
principle is the same.
In your categories/index.html.erb you can use something like this:
<h1><%= @category.nil? ? 'Main categories' : category.text %></h1>
<table>
<% @categories.each do |category| %>
<tr>
<td><%= link_to category.text, category_path(category) %></td>
<td><%= link_to 'Edit', edit_category_path(category) unless category.parent.nil? %></td>
<td><%= link_to 'Destroy', category_path(category), :confirm => 'Are you sure?', :method => :delete
unless category.parent.nil? %></td>
</tr>
<% end %>
</table>
<p>
<%= link_to 'Back', @category.parent_category.nil? ? categories_path :
category_path(@category.parent_category) unless @category.nil? %>
<%= link_to 'New (sub-category', new_category_path(@category) unless @category.nil? %>
</p>
It shows the name of the selected category (or Main Category) and all of its subcategories (in a nice table). It links to all sub-categories, showing a similar layout, but for
the sub-category. In the end it adds a 'new sub-category' link and a 'back' link. As a
reference of these algorithm and the syntax, we written a code that is shown in the below
figure.
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III.
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Generating the QR code
QR Code is a two-dimensional code developed by DENSO WAVE in 1994, and the most
widely used in Japan.
Features of QR Code
1. Representing a large amount of information with a small code
QR code can represent various characters, including numbers, letters, Kanji, Kana,
symbol binaries, and control codes.
2. Taking only a small physical space
Since QR Code represents data in both vertical and horizontal directions, the amount of
information held by a single bar code can be represented with a physical size
approximately one tenth smaller.
3. Can be read from any direction (360º)
QR Code can be read at high speeds from any direction. The three squares at three
corners of a QR Code® enable stable and fast reading without the effects of background
patterns.
4. Resistant to staining and damage
Since QR Code has an error correction function, data can be recovered even in parts of
the code that are stained or damaged. It could be impossible to recover data depending on
the degree of the stain or damage.
ROR is a library for creating and rendering QR codes into various formats. It has a
simple interface with all the standard QR code options. It was adapted from the Javascript
library by Kazuhiko Arase.

QR code is trademarked by Denso Wave inc

Minimum Ruby version is >= 2.3

For rqrcode releases < 2.0.0 please use this README

For rqrcode releases < 1.0.0 please use this README
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Installing
Add this line to your application's
Gemfile: gem "rqrcode", "~> 2.0"
or install manually:
gem install rqrcode
Basic usage example
require "rqrcode"
qr = RQRCode::QRCode.new("https://kyan.com")
puts qr.to_s
# to_s( dark: "x", light: " " ) # defaults
xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx
x
x x xxx
xx x
x
x xxx x xx x x
xx x xxx x
x xxx x
xx xx xx x xxx x
x xxx x x x
xxx x xxx x
x
x xxx x xx x x x
x
...
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Figure 4.4 Basic QR code
These are the various QR code generation options provided by the
underlying rqrcode_core. You may actually only need this library if you don't need the
various rendering options rqrcode provides, but just need the data structure.
Algorithm:
Expects a string or array (for multi-segment encoding) to be parsed in, other args are
optional
data - the string, QRSegment or array of Hashes (with data:, mode: keys) you wish to
encode
size - the size (Integer) of the QR Code (defaults to smallest size needed to encode the
data)
max_size
the
max_size
RQRCodeCore::QRUtil.max_size)
(Integer)
of
the
QR
Code
(default
level - the error correction level, can be:
* Level :l 7% of code can be restored
* Level :m 15% of code can be restored
* Level :q 25% of code can be restored
* Level :h 30% of code can be restored (default :h)
mode - the mode of the QR Code (defaults to :alphanumeric or :byte_8bit, depending on
the input data,
only used when data is a string):
* :number
* :alphanumeric
* :byte_8bit
* :kanji
Render types
You probably want to output your QR code in a specific format. We make this easy by
providing a bunch of formats to choose from below, each with their own set of options:
 as_svg
 as_png
 as_ansi
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 as_svg
The SVG renderer will produce a stand-alone SVG as a String Options:
Algorithm:
offset
- Padding around the QR Code in pixels
(default 0)
fill
- Background color e.g "ffffff" or :white or :currentColor
(default none)
color
- Foreground color e.g "000" or :black or :currentColor
(default "000")
module_size - The Pixel size of each module
(defaults 11)
shape_rendering - SVG Attribute: auto | optimizeSpeed | crispEdges | geometricPrecision
(defaults crispEdges)
standalone - Whether to make this a full SVG file, or only an svg to embed in other
svg
(default true)
use_path
- Use <path> to render SVG rather than <rect> to significantly reduce size.
This will become the default in future versions.
(default false)
viewbox
- Replace the `svg.width` and `svg.height` attribute with `svg.viewBox` to
allow CSS scaling
(default false)
svg_attributes - A optional hash of custom <svg> attributes. Existing attributes will
remain.
(default {})
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Figure 4.5 QR code in svg format
 as_png
The will produce a PNG using the ChunkyPNG gem. The result will be
a ChunkyPNG::Image instance.
Options:
Algorithm:
fill - Background ChunkyPNG::Color, defaults to 'white'
color - Foreground ChunkyPNG::Color, defaults to 'black'
When option :file is supplied you can use the following ChunkyPNG constraints:
color_mode - The color mode to use. Use one of the ChunkyPNG::COLOR_* constants.
(defaults to 'ChunkyPNG::COLOR_GRAYSCALE')
bit_depth - The bit depth to use. This option is only used for indexed images.
(defaults to 1 bit)
interlace - Whether to use interlacing (true or false).
(defaults to ChunkyPNG default)
compression - The compression level for Zlib. This can be a value between 0 and 9, or a
Zlib constant like Zlib::BEST_COMPRESSION
(defaults to ChunkyPNG default)
There are two sizing algorithms.
* Original that can result in blurry and hard to scan images
* Google's Chart API inspired sizing that resizes the module size to fit within the given
image size.
The Google one will be used when no options are given or when the new size option is
used.
*Google Sizing*
size
- Total size of PNG in pixels. The module size is calculated so it fits.
(defaults to 120)
border_modules - Width of white border around the modules.
(defaults to 4).
-- DONT USE border_modules OPTION UNLESS YOU KNOW ABOUT THE QUIET
ZONE NEEDS OF QR CODES -*Original Sizing*
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module_px_size - Image size, in pixels.
border
- Border thickness, in pixels
It first creates an image where 1px = 1 module, then resizes.
Defaults to 120x120 pixels, customizable by option.
Figure 4.6 QR code in PNG format
 as_ansi
The ANSI renderer will produce as a string with ANSI color codes.
Options:
light
- Foreground ANSI code
(default "\033[47m")
dark
- Background ANSI code
(default "\033[40m")
fill_character - The written character
(default ' ')
quiet_zone_size - Padding around the edge
(default 4)
Figure 4.7 QR code in ANSI format
In our project we use the as_png format qr code.
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CHAPTER 5
RESULTS AND PERFORMANCES EVALUATION
Step 1 : Browse the link
https://vsin-qr.herokuapp.com/items/1
Once we browse the generated link as shown in the above.it directly go to the login page
where we have to login with the prescribed mail id.
Step 2 : log in window appear
Figure 5.1 Log in window
As shown in figure 5.1 the log in window contains the user id and the password of the
particular fixed id. I.e. the person who as the access he can only login to it. Once he logs
in the item description of the inventory is shown.
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Step 3: Add the item details
Figure 5.2 item adding window
As shown in the figure 5.2, the item adding window means we have to add the item
description i.e. details of the item we have to fill. After creating the login credentials a
login process has to be made, at that time once login is done we have to create the item
categories where the table to create an item categories is made. After creating the
categories item creation has to be made where the description of the individual inventory
is made i.e. dimension, size, and we have to enter the full details of the individual
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category means description of the individual inventory has to be made then we can create
an item and its description are shown in figure 5.2.
Step 4: After adding the items click on submit
Figure 5.3 item added with information
As shown in the figure 5.3, the item adding window means we have to add the item description
i.e. details of the item we have to fill. After filling the item click on the submit icon as shown in
the figure5.3.
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Step 4: QR code is generated
Figure 5.4 inventory information with QR code
As shown in the figure 5.4,it has the information of the inventory and the QR code. The table is
converted to QR code are shown. It has information of the inventory; the scanned
information is visible to the person who has access by giving the login credentials.
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Step 5: QR code is generated
Figure 5.5 Generated QR code
Step 6: Once we scan the QR code link is appeared on the Mobil screen
Figure 5.6 scanning the QR code
Once we click on the link generated on the screen as shown in figure 5.6 we get the
information of the QR code.as shown in below figure 5.7.
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Step 7: Click on the link appeared on the Mobil screen
Figure 5.7 clicking the link on QR code
Once click on the link which is displayed on the screen as shown in figure 5.7. After
clicking the link person has to login then he can have the information of the inventory
converted which is converted to QR code as shown in figure 5.8 and he or she can alter
or edit the description of the inventory which is scanned by the user or client.
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Figure 5.8 information of QR code
Figure 5.9 inventory attached to QR code
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CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION
The conclusion of the project encourages easy and reassuring use and is of low cost and
can be used for routine checkup at the industries. It can also provide real on time analysis
for inventory management. Due to the online QR code feature there is no need to go and
check for the offline records. Hence it can be done where ever you take the test. The
visual inventory supply chain network designed be of low cost and encourages easy and
reassuring use. It can be operated irrespective of time and place. There is but variety of
how to boost the expertise of consumers that square measure to be more explored to the
present study. Firstly, there can be want for the integration of checkout system with the
developed epitome, therefore on offer customers a very new expertise (from creating
product decisions to locating the product and finding out to avoid long queues) searching
in the store thereby creating their retail idea an entire ton higher. Lastly, to include
Associate in nursing increased security feature on the QR codes in order that customers
will firmly scan codes and well perform money transactions victimization their mobile
phones.
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REFERENCES
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