Intestinal Nematodes Summary By M.C.R.E Capillaria philippinensis Common name Pudoc worm Also known as Mystery worm Adult male size Adult female size 2.3 – 3.17 mm 2.5 – 4.3 mm Egg size Hookworms: Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus Old world hookworm, New world hookworm Enterobius vermicularis Ascaris lumbricoides Trichuris trichiura Strongyloides stercoralis Pinworm/Seatwor m Giant Intestinal Roundworm Whipworm Threadworm Old name: Oxyuris vermicularis Familial Parasite/Infection 2 – 5 mm Disease of poverty 150 – 200 mm 30 – 45 mm 8 – 13 mm 200 – 300 mm 35 – 50 mm Old: 55 – 60 um New: 60 – 75 um Filariform larvae 30 – 60 um x 20 – 32 um Embryonated egg 45 – 75 um x 35 – 50 um Embryonated egg 50 – 55 um Parasitic males don’t exist, Parasitic females 2 – 3 mm 48 x 35 um D-shaped embryonated egg, adult form Large Intestine Unfertilized/fertilize d egg, larvae, adult form Small Intestine Unfertilized/fertiliz ed egg IIRA: Ingestion, Inhalation, Retroinfection, Autoinfection Ingestion Old: 8 – 12 mm New: 5 – 9 mm Old: 10 – 15 mm New: 9 – 11 mm Infective stage Diagnostic stage Larvae Unfertilized/fertiliz ed egg Larvae Habitat Small Intestine (jejunum) Ingestion Small Intestine Mode of Transmission Vector Skin penetration Mechanical: Periplaneta americana (American cockroach) Embryonated egg Large Intestine (Ileo-cecal region) Ingestion Filariform larvae Larvae Small Intestine Skin penetration Intestinal Nematodes Summary By M.C.R.E Treatment Albendazole, Mebendazole Control Educational awareness, Drug therapy Feces Specimen Collection method Lab Diagnosis Sedimentation techniques Pathology Hyperinfection, malabsorption (Steatorrhea), Borborygmus, Mystery disease, Severe proteinlosing enteropathy Albendazole, Pyrantel Pamoate Mebendazole, Albendazole, Pyrantel Pamoate Educational awareness, Drug therapy Feces, sputum Albendazole, Mebendazole Immunosuppre ssive therapy (corticosteroid s) Feces Feces Perianal swabs: National Institute of Health Swab (cellophane), Swellen Grebel (pestle moisten with water), Scotch tape Graham’s, Petroleum coated swab Feces Stool examination, Direct fecal smear, Concentration technique, Culture techniques Immunodeficienc y anemia, hypochromic, microcytic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, ground Microscopic stool examination, direct fecal smear Gross examination, serology, sputum microscopy, direct fecal smear, Formalin Ether Concentration technique Direct fecal smear, Concentration technique Stool examination, Direct fecal smear, Culture techniques Perianal itching/Pruritus Ani Ascariasis, Ascaris Pneumonitis/Loeffler ’s syndrome, Worm ball Related Toxocara cati, Toxocara canis: Renal prolapse, Anemia, bloody diarrhea Skin pruritus, diarrhea with malabsorption, cutaneous, pulmonary, and intestinal disease, Intestinal Nematodes Summary By M.C.R.E Prevention Avoid eating raw fish, Treat infected person, health education Unique in adult Chitinized spicule sheath itch/dew itch, Miner’s disease, Wakana Disease, Hypoalbunemia Related Ancylostoma caninum: CLM, eosinophilic enteritis, diffuse unilateral neuroenteritis Ancylostoma braziliense: Cutaneous Larva Migrans (CLM) Ancylostoma ceylanicum: 2nd most common hookworm infecting humans Always wash hands before eating, wear gloves when doing soil-related activities Buccal cavity/capsule Old: 2 pairs of teeth New: semilunar cutting plate Visceral Larva Migrans (VLM) Cephalic alae/Lateral wings “Cochin China Diarrhea”, Vietnam diarrhea, honeycomb appearance of intestinal mucosa Strongyloidiasis Always wash hands before eating, wear gloves when doing soil-related activities Always wash hands before eating, wear gloves when doing soil-related activities Polymyarian type of somatic muscle arrangement Male, 360 degrees coiled tail; Holomyarian type of somatic muscle arrangement FL: lacks bulb on the esophagus Intestinal Nematodes Summary By M.C.R.E Unique in egg Peanut-shaped, with striations, flat bipolar plugs Embryonic cleavage (2-, 4-, 8-cell stage) D-shaped, translucent Mammilation, albuminoid coating, golden brown when stained Barrel, football, lemom-shaped with bipolar plugs Embryonatio n site External environment/ some in the small intestine Small intestine Soil Soil Soil Soil (2-cell stage) Soil/External environment Small intestine Small intestine Intestinal mucosa Small intestine Small intestine Lungs Colon Small intestine Small intestine Large Intestine Small Intestine Small intestine Human Human Definitive host: Human Large Intestine (Cecum, Ascending Colon) Human Larvae hatching site Maturation site Adult site/habitat Host Tissues/Small intestine Small intestine Intermediate: fish, Ipon, Bagsang Final: Human Natural definitive: fish-eating birds Welldeveloped larvae, no embryonic cleavage Submucosa of small intestine Human