ASSIGNMENT #1:
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5 pages
o 1 title page
o 1 brief introduction
o Biological factors
o Psychological factors
o References [6 WITHIN 7 YEARS]
Use course readings and a minimum of two additional sources outside of the course room dated within the last
seven years. Use the course reading and one outside source for Biological discussion, and the course reading
and one outside source for the Psychological discussion.
Brainstorming
Biological factors
- An underlying genetic predisposition,
- gender,
- physical injury and associated pain,
- hyperreactive physiological responses to stress,
- sleep, structural
- functional brain abnormalities
- genetic, hormonal, glands, diet, exercise, developmental factors, pregnancy,
medication, toxins, physical environmental factors in nature
psychological factors
- A subjective experience of loss of control and perceived negative effect of the
-
traumatic event on the individual
Extreme anxiety and intrusive reexperiencing
Guilt.
Subjective reactions to terrifying or horrifying events.
Dissociation.
Dysphoria.
Social phobia.
Anger.
Trauma-related beliefs
Cognitive, thinking, perception, self-talk, emotion/mood/feelings,
behavioural, self-regulation, personality style, developmental internal
constructs from experiences in life
Articles related to anxiety that can use as reference,
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00787-020-01669-3 [bio]
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00787-017-1076-x#Bib1 [bio]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0005796716301115?via%3Dihub
[psych – school, environment factors]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453018309004?via%3Dihub [psych]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032721008910 [psych]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032721008910#cebibl1 [psych]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S027273581830285X?via%3Dihub
[could be related to personality types – psych]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032715301907 [could be related
to personality -psych]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032718305032 [psych - negative
thinking]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032721000689 [bio?]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S027858461931084X [bio?]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6920243/ [psych – attachment style]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6007802/ [psych – ACEs]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6438321/ [P – empathy and anxiety ->
connect these points to mirror neurons, bc mirror neurons = build empathy]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352289519300438 [p+b - can relate to
stress factor]
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00368504221135469?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubm
ed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org [B -gender]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7340577/#:~:text=Multivariate%20analysis%2
0concluded%20that%20all,to%20less%20than%20four%20ACEs. [ACEs – P]
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2158244016682818 [attachment - P]
https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1119&context=kabod
[attachment theory vs anxiety -P]
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00698/full [low self esteem - p]
https://www.dovepress.com/does-low-self-esteem-predict-anxiety-among-chinese-collegestudents-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-PRBM [low self esteem vs anxiety in Chinese students –
P]
articles to read to get ideas,
https://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/basics/anxiety/the-biology-anxiety
https://www.news-medical.net/health/Social-Anxiety-Common-Causes.aspx
https://www.mentalhelp.net/anxiety/psychological-explanations/
https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4160&context=edissertations
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.1457
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.31887/DCNS.2017.19.2/eaktar?scroll=top&needAcce
ss=true&role=tab [psych and bio? But long read]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S088761851930026X?via%3Dihub [info
for bio stuff]
https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/camh.12226 [prevention of anxiety]
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10615806.2018.1549657
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10615806.2019.1648794
https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fpspp0000231 [psych]
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/da.22429 [psych]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032718332476 [personality traits
-psych]
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10608-017-9856-7 [P - avoidance, could be related?]
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/da.22760 +
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165178116309003?via%3Dihub [P avoidance and approach tendencies, same article]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013700622002123 [risk factors for
anxiety disorders]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128186978001345 [P]
https://jneurodevdisorders.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s11689-020-09337-y [early
life stress and development – aces]
https://www.apa.org/topics/stress/body [abt stress effects on body]
PRIMARY FOCUS - Some ideas to choose:
self esteem
Communication
family dynamics in relationship
Stress management
anxiety
Procrastination
Organizational skills
Sleep issue
Work-life balance

What did the counsellor identify as biological aspects of the primary focus selected above to you?
 How did the counsellor build the therapeutic session for you to disclose and be respected?
 Build rapport, ask about family history/health history, let me talk about my feelings
 Provide safe space to express myself
 Respect begets safety [S-W 2017, D1.1.2 MARIA]
 Openness, curiosity
Identify at least 3 biological factors.
 Stress [there are bio factors of this]
 Gender
 Another health issue?
 Transgenerational genetics [P&B 2021, DQ3.1.1 LYNDA]
 Genetics, [peep twin studies, family history passing down]
 developmental factors (neurological factors)
 family history (? Diff from the other factors right..)
 behavioural inhibition (insecure attachment to caregivers)
 sleep [? Is this biological factor, or more of an issue?]
What did the counsellor identify as psychological aspects of the primary focus selected above to you?
 How did the counsellor build the therapeutic session for you to disclose and be respected?
 Respect, openness, valuing clients
 Client focused therapy, respect focused therapy [S-W 2017]
 I-thou relationship [S-W 2017]
 Self-awareness [S-W 2017]
 Identify at least 3 psychological factors.
 Early childhood ACEs
 Sexuality
 Internal constructs from experiences in life,
 Learned behaviours (? Would this be one?)
 Personality style (in self, and in relationships, avoidant, etc)
 Attachment style (parent influence this, how?)
 Mental health diagnoses (depression)
 Self-esteem (low)
 Mirror neurons (mimic behaviour of parents?)
 Mood/emotion (Stress from work, pressure from society, etc)
Support your assessment with literature from your readings.



Presenting problem [biological]: anxiety
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-
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What facilitated it?
o Overworking myself as a teen
o [pls look up transgenerational genetics more]
o Lack of sleep attributed to anxiety/depression
What contributed to it?
o STRESS
o [dunno]
o Overworking myself -> lack of sleep -> low mood/energy
What maintains it in the client’s life?
o Continued stress throughout life
o No therapy bc parents didn’t believe it (maybe can do transgenerational genetics?)
o Anxiety in turn causes more lack of sleep, and it’s a cycle
[psychological]
-
-
Facilitated:
o Bad family life, neglect, emotional-abuse
o Bad home life leads to bad attachment style -> hard as an adult to connect w others
o Constant negative thoughts about self
Contributed :
-
o ACEs
o Attachment style -> anxious avoidant? Insecure?
o Bullying, being compared to sister/friends
Maintains it:
o Low self esteem/confidence
o Internalized negative experiences/feelings
o Not going to therapy
Factors:
Stress [b], transgenerational genetics [b], sleep [b]
Early childhood ACEs [p], attachment style [p], self esteem [p]
https://crossdna.com/genetic-inheritance-what-is-it-and-how-does-it-affectme/#:~:text=Genetic%20inheritance%20studies%20how%20certain,process%20of%20fertilizati
on%20and%20gestation.
More gene stuff if u need to relate back
My counsellor recognized that my mother and father also had similar anxiety problems; she
proceeded to explain that genetics play a role in my anxiety and suggested that because I’m a
woman, the chances of inheriting the dominant gene of anxiety is twice as high because I have
twice the number of X chromosomes (Pinel & Barnes, 2021). [need to be fact checked]