Biology Test
Practice Book
This practice book contains
◾ one actual, full-length GR E ® Biology Test
◾ test-taking strategies
Become familiar with
◾ test structure and content
◾ test instructions and answering procedures
Compare your practice test results with the performance of those who
took the test at a GRE administration.
www.ets.org/gre
Table of Contents
Overview ......................................................................................................................................3
Test Content ................................................................................................................................3
Preparing for the Test ...................................................................................................................5
Test-Taking Strategies ..................................................................................................................5
What Your Scores Mean ..............................................................................................................5
Taking the Practice Test ..............................................................................................................6
Scoring the Practice Test .............................................................................................................6
Evaluating Your Performance ......................................................................................................6
Practice Test .................................................................................................................................8
Worksheet for Scoring the Practice Test ...................................................................................61
Score Conversion Table .............................................................................................................62
Answer Sheet .............................................................................................................................63
Test takers with disabilities or health-related needs who need test preparation materials in an
alternate format should contact the ETS Office of Disability Services at stassd@ets.org. For
additional information, visit www.ets.org/gre/disabilities.
Copyright © 2017 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved.
ETS, the ETS logo, MEASURING THE POWER OF LEARNING, GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATIONS, and GRE are
registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS) in the United States and other countries.
Overview
The GRE® Biology Test consists of approximately
188 multiple-choice questions, a number of which
are grouped in sets toward the end of the test
and are based on descriptions of laboratory and
field situations, diagrams, or experimental results.
Testing time is 2 hours and 50 minutes; there are no
separately-timed sections.
This publication provides a comprehensive
overview of the GRE Biology Test to help you get
ready for test day. It is designed to help you:
••
••
••
••
••
Understand what is being tested
Gain familiarity with the question types
Review test-taking strategies
Understand scoring
Practice taking the test
To learn more about the GRE Subject Tests, visit
www.ets.org/gre.
Test Content
The content of the Biology Test is organized into
three major areas: Cellular and Molecular Biology,
Organismal Biology, and Ecology and Evolution.
In addition to the total score, a subscore in each of
these subareas is reported.
The approximate distribution of questions by
content category is shown below.
A. Cellular Structure and Function (16–17%)
1. Biological compounds
2. Enzyme activity, receptor binding, and
regulation
3. Major metabolic pathways and
regulation
4. Membrane dynamics and cell surfaces
5. Organelles: structure, function,
synthesis, and targeting
6. Cytoskeleton: motility and shape
7. Cell cycle: growth, division,
and regulation (including signal
transduction)
8. Methods (microscopy, separation,
immunological)
B. Genetics and Molecular Biology (16–17%)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Genetic foundations
Chromatin and chromosomes
Genome sequence organization
Genome maintenance
Gene expression and regulation in
prokaryotes and eukaryotes: mechanisms
Gene expression and regulation: effects
Immunobiology
Bacteriophages, animal viruses, and
plant viruses
Recombinant DNA methodology
I. Cellular and Molecular Biology (33–34%)
II. Organismal Biology (33–34%)
Fundamentals of cellular biology, genetics, and
molecular biology are addressed. Major topics in
cellular structure and function include prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells, metabolic pathways and their
regulation, membrane dynamics and cell surfaces,
organelles, cytoskeleton, and cell cycle. Major
areas in genetics and molecular biology include
viruses, chromatin and chromosomal structure,
genomic organization and maintenance, and the
regulation of gene expression. The cellular basis of
immunity and the mechanisms of antigen-antibody
interactions are included. Attention is also given to
experimental methodology.
The structure, physiology, behavior, and
development of organisms are addressed. Topics
covered include nutrient procurement and
processing, gas exchange, internal transport,
regulation of fluids, control mechanisms and
effectors, and reproduction in autotrophic
and heterotrophic organisms. Examples of
developmental phenomena range from fertilization
through differentiation and morphogenesis.
Responses to environmental stimuli are examined
as they pertain to organisms. Major distinguishing
characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of
organisms are also covered.
GRE® Biology Test Practice Book
3
Page
A. Animal Structure, Function, and
Organization (10%)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Exchange with environment
Internal transport and exchange
Support and movement
Integration and control mechanisms
Behavior (communication, orientation,
learning, and instinct)
6. Metabolic rates (temperature, body size,
and activity)
B. Animal Reproduction and Development
(6%)
1. Reproductive structures
2. Meiosis, gametogenesis, and fertilization
3. Early development (e.g., polarity,
cleavage, and gastrulation)
4. Developmental processes (e.g.,
induction, determination,
differentiation, morphogenesis, and
metamorphosis)
5. External control mechanisms (e.g.,
photoperiod)
C. Plant Structure, Function, and
Organization, with Emphasis on Flowering
Plants (7%)
1. Organs, tissue systems, and tissues
2. Water transport, including absorption
and transpiration
3. Phloem transport and storage
4. Mineral nutrition
5. Plant energetics (e.g., respiration and
photosynthesis)
D. Plant Reproduction, Growth, and
Development, with Emphasis on Flowering
Plants (5%)
1.
2.
3.
4.
4
Page
Reproductive structures
Meiosis and sporogenesis
Gametogenesis and fertilization
Embryogeny and seed development
5. Meristems, growth, morphogenesis, and
differentiation
6. Control mechanisms (e.g., hormones,
photoperiod, and tropisms)
E. Diversity of Life (6%)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Archaea
Bacteria
Protista
Fungi
Animalia with emphasis on major phyla
Plantae with emphasis on major phyla
III. Ecology and Evolution (33–34%)
The interactions of organisms and their
environment, emphasizing biological principles
at levels above the individual are addressed.
Ecological topics range from physiological
adaptations to the functioning of ecosystems.
Although principles are emphasized, some questions
may consider applications to current environmental
problems. Topics in evolution range from genetic
foundations through evolutionary processes and
their consequences. Evolution is considered at
the molecular, individual, populations, and higher
levels. Some quantitative skills, including the
interpretation of simple mathematical models, may
be required.
A. Ecology (16–17%)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Environment/organism interaction
Behavioral ecology
Population ecology
Community ecology
Ecosystems
B. Evolution (16–17%)
1. Genetic variability
2. Macroevolutionary and
microevolutionary processes
3. Evolutionary consequences
4. History of life
GRE® Biology Test Practice Book
Preparing for the Test
GRE Subject Test questions are designed to
measure skills and knowledge gained over a long
period of time. Although you might increase your
scores to some extent through preparation a few
weeks or months before you take the test, last
minute cramming is unlikely to be of further help.
The following information may be helpful.
••
••
A general review of your college courses is
probably the best preparation for the test.
However, the test covers a broad range of
subject matter, and no one is expected to be
familiar with the content of every question.
Become familiar with the types of
questions in the GRE Biology Test, paying
special attention to the directions. If you
thoroughly understand the directions before
you take the test, you will have more time
during the test to focus on the questions
themselves.
Test-Taking Strategies
The questions in the practice test illustrate the
types of multiple-choice questions in the test.
When you take the actual test, you will mark your
answers on a separate machine-scorable answer
sheet.
The following are some general test-taking
strategies you may want to consider.
••
••
••
Read the test directions carefully, and work
as rapidly as you can without being careless.
For each question, choose the best answer
from the available options.
All questions are of equal value; do not
waste time pondering individual questions
you find extremely difficult or unfamiliar.
You may want to work through the test
quickly, first answering only the questions
about which you feel confident, then going
back and answering questions that require
more thought, and concluding with the
most difficult questions if there is time.
GRE® Biology Test Practice Book
••
••
••
••
If you decide to change an answer, make
sure you completely erase it and fill in the
oval corresponding to your desired answer.
Your score will be determined by the
number of questions you answer correctly.
Questions you answer incorrectly or for
which you mark no answer or more than
one answer are counted as incorrect.
Nothing is subtracted from a score if you
answer a question incorrectly. Therefore, to
maximize your score it is better for you to
guess at an answer than not to respond at all.
Record all answers on your answer sheet.
Answers recorded in your test book will not
be counted.
Do not wait until the last few minutes of
a testing session to record answers on your
answer sheet.
What Your Scores Mean
The number of questions you answered correctly
on the whole test and on each content area are
converted to the scaled total score and the scaled
subscores that are reported. These conversions
ensure that a scaled score reported for any edition
of a GRE Biology Test is comparable to the same
scaled score earned on any other edition of the
same test. Thus, equal scaled scores on a particular
test indicate essentially equal levels of performance
regardless of the test edition taken.
GRE Biology Test total scores are reported on
a 200 to 990 score scale in ten-point increments.
Three subscores (Cellular and Molecular Biology;
Organismal Biology; and Ecology and Evolution)
are also reported on a 20-99 score scale in one-point
increments.
Test scores should be compared only with other
scores on the Biology Test. For example, a total
scaled score of 680 on the Biology Test is not
equivalent to a total scaled score of 680 on the
Chemistry Test.
5
Page
Taking the Practice Test
Evaluating Your Performance
The practice test begins on page 8. The total
time that you should allow for this practice test is
2 hours and 50 minutes. An answer sheet is provided
for you to mark your answers to the test questions.
It is best to take this practice test under timed
conditions. Find a quiet place to take the test and
make sure you have a minimum of 2 hours and
50 minutes available.
To simulate how the administration will be
conducted at the test center, print the answer sheet
(pages 63 and 64). Then go to the back cover of the
test book (page 60) and follow the instructions for
completing the identification areas of the answer
sheet. When you are ready to begin the test, note
the time and begin marking your answers on
the answer sheet. Stop working on the test when
2 hours and 50 minutes have elapsed.
Now that you have scored your test, you may wish
to compare your performance with the performance
of others who took this test.
The data in the worksheet on page 61 are
based on the performance of a sample of the test
takers who took the GRE Biology Test in the
United States.
The numbers in the column labeled “P+” on the
worksheet indicate the percentages of test takers in
this sample who answered each question correctly.
You may use these numbers as a guide for evaluating
your performance on each test question.
Interpretive data based on the scores earned
by a recent cohort of test takers are available on
the GRE website at www.ets.org/gre/subject/
scores/understand. The interpretive data show, for
selected scaled score, the percentage of test takers
who received lower scores. To compare yourself
with this population, look at the percentage next
to the scaled score you earned on the practice
test. Note that these interpretive data are updated
annually and reported on GRE score reports.
Your three subscores show your relative
strengths or weaknesses in the three subfield areas
of the Biology Test. The raw subscores are scaled
in such a way that they are related to the total
scores on the test. On average, a person who has a
comprehensive background in the field can expect
to have subscores equal to about one-tenth of his
or her total score. Thus, if you have a total scaled
score of 600, and your undergraduate program
placed equal emphasis on the three areas of biology
represented by the subscores, you would expect to
have a scaled subscore of about 60 in each area. If,
however, your subscores differ by more than a few
points, you may take this as an indication that your
lower subscore shows weakness, and you may wish
to concentrate your review efforts on topics in that
area.
Scoring the Practice Test
The worksheet on page 61 lists the correct answers
to the questions on the practice test. The “Correct
Response” columns are provided for you to mark
those questions for which you chose the correct
answer. The “Content” columns indicate the primary
content area to which each question contributes.
Mark each question that you answered correctly.
Then, add up your correct answers and enter your
total number of correct answers in the spaces
labeled “Total Correct,” and your number of correct
answers on the questions contributing to each of
the three content areas in the appropriate spaces
labeled “Questions Correct in Content Area.” Next,
use the conversion tables on page 62 to find the
corresponding total scaled score and scaled subscores.
For example, suppose you chose the correct
answers to 142 questions on the test and the correct
answers to 44, 38, and 60 of the questions in
content areas 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The “Total
Correct” entry in the “Total Score” conversion
table that matches 142 is 141-142 and your total
scaled score is 810. The “Subscore” entries in the
“Subscores” conversion table that match 44, 38,
and 60 show that your subscores are 77, 71, and 93.
6
Page
GRE® Biology Test Practice Book
It is important to realize that the conditions
under which you tested yourself were not exactly
the same as those you will encounter at a test
center. It is impossible to predict how different
test-taking conditions will affect test performance,
and this is only one factor that may account for
differences between your practice test scores
and your actual test scores. By comparing your
performance on this practice test with the
performance of other individuals who took the
GRE Biology Test, however, you will be able to
determine your strengths and weaknesses and can
then plan a program of study to prepare yourself
for taking the GRE Biology Test under standard
conditions.
GRE® Biology Test Practice Book
7
Page
FORM GR1724
24
GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATIONS®
BIOLOGY TEST
Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved.
GRE, GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATIONS, ETS, EDUCATIONAL TESTING
SERVICE and the ETS logos are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service.
8
BIOLOGY TEST
Time—170 minutes
BIOLOGY TEST
194 Questions
Time—170 minutes
194 Questions
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the
Directions:
answer sheet.Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the
answer sheet.
1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would
2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through
form hydrogen bonds?
the secretory pathway in which of the following
1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would
2. Proteins
orders? destined to be secreted move through
form hydrogen bonds?
the secretory pathway in which of the following
(A)
Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
orders?
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
(A) Smooth
cell surface
Golgi ER
cisternae
Æ secretory
vesicle Æ
Æ
(B) Rough
Æ Golgi
transport vesicle
cell
surface
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
(B) Rough
cell surface
Golgi
cisternaeÆÆER
secretory
vesicle
ÆÆ
(C) Golgi cisternae
transport
vesicle
cell surface
smooth
ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
(C) Golgi
cell surface
smooth
ER Æ Æ
secretory
vesiclevesicle
Æ Æ
(D) Golgi
cisternae
ER transport
cell
surface
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
(D) Golgi
cell surface
roughER
ERÆ
Æsmooth
secretory
Æ transport
(E) Rough
ERvesicle
Æ Golgi
cell
surface
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
smooth
ER Æ Golgi transport
(E) Rough
vesicleER
ÆÆ
cell
surface
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
(A) I only
vesicle of
Æthe
cellunique
surfacecoiled structure
3. Stabilization
(B) III only
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
(A) IV
I only
(C)
only
3. Stabilization
attributed to of the unique coiled structure
(B) IIIIand
only
(D)
II only
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
(A)
hydrogen
(C) II,
IV III,
onlyand IV
(E)
attributed
to bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(D) I and II only
(A) disulfide
hydrogenbridges
bondingbetween
betweencysteine
the peptide
(B)
side
(E) II, III, and IV
backbone atoms
chains
(B) carbohydrate
disulfide bridges
between
cysteine
side
(C)
moieties
attached
to polar
chains acids
amino
(C) carbohydrate
moieties
attached to
polar
(D)
peptide linkages
that covalently
bond
amino
amino acids
acids
(D) an
peptide
linkages
covalently
bond
amino
(E)
abundance
of that
amino
acids with
electrically
acids side chains
charged
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
-3-3-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
9
BIOLOGY TEST
8. In cloning experiments on the frog Xenopus
4. A DNA strand with the sequence 5¢ CGA TTG
3¢
Time—170
minutes
laevis, nuclei were removed from intestinal cells
would be complementary to the sequence
194 Questions
of tadpoles and transplanted into zygotes whose
(A) 5¢ GCU AAC 3¢
nuclei had been removed. A small percent
(B) 5¢ GCT
AAC
3¢ questions or incomplete statements belowofis these
zygotes
developed
intoanswers
normal or
frogs,
Directions:
Each
of the
followed
by five
suggested
suggesting
completions.
Select
the3′one that is best in each case and then completely
fill inthat
the corresponding space on the
(C) 5′ GTT
AGC
answer
(D) sheet.
5′ CAA TCG 3′
(A) intestinal cells can be transformed into all cell
(E) 5′ CUU TCG 3¢
types
(B) frogs do not have the same developmental
1. A
Which
of the following
pairs ofofmolecules
would
2. Proteins
destined as
to other
be secreted
5.
cell nucleus
contains which
the following?
constraints
speciesmove through
form hydrogen bonds?
the
secretory
pathway
in
which
of the
following
(C) intestinal cell nuclei are highly
specialized
I. DNA
orders?
(D) the genomes of all somatic cells are
II. Protein
equivalent
(A) Smooth
ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
III. RNA
(E) the
zygotic
nucleus
be vesicle
successfully
Golgi
cisternae
Æ cannot
secretory
Æ
(A) I only
inactivated
cell surface
(B) II only
(B)
Rough
ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
(C) III only
9. In garden peas, the allele for tall plants (D)
Golgi
Ætosecretory
Æ
(D) I and II only
is completelycisternae
dominant
the allelevesicle
for dwarf
surface
(E) I, II, and III
plantscell
(d) and
the allele for violet flower color (W)
(C)
Golgi
cisternae
Æ ER
transport
vesicle
is completely
dominant
to the
allele for
whiteÆ
6. Which of the following best explains how
flowersmooth
color (w).
cross between
tall violet
ER In
Æasecretory
vesiclea Æ
mutations in DNA can result in the expression
plant, cell
withsurface
the genotype DDWw, and a dwarf
of a new phenotype?
whiteGolgi
plant,cisternae
what phenotypic
ratio ofvesicle
the progeny
(D)
Æ ER transport
Æ
would
be
expected
from
this
cross?
(A) A different polypeptide is produced.
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(B) The polarity of tRNA becomes the opposite
celltall
surface
(A) All
violet
of that of DNA.
(B) Rough
1 tall violet:
dwarf violet
(E)
ER Æ1 smooth
ER Æ Golgi transport
(C) Nucleic acids are methylated.
(C) 1 vesicle
tall violet:
1 tall cisternae
white: 1 dwarf
violet:
Æ Golgi
Æ secretory
(D) The gene is now read in the 3¢ to 5¢ direction.
1
dwarf
white
vesicle Æ cell surface
(D) 1 tall violet: 1 tall white
(E) Eukaryotes and prokaryotes have similar
(E) All dwarfofwhite
(A) I ribosomes.
only
3. Stabilization
the unique coiled structure
(B) III only
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
7. Which
the following techniques could be used
(C) IVof
only
attributed to
to
protein binding to specific DNA
(D)demonstrate
I and II only
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
sequences?
(E) II, III, and IV
backbone atoms
(A) Western blot hybridization
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
(B) Northern blot hybridization
chains
(C) Southern blot hybridization
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
(D) Electrophoretic mobility shift assay
amino acids
(E) Polymerase chain reaction
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
10
-3-4-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
BIOLOGY TEST
14. Of the graphs shown below, which is most
10. Which of the following best explains why Time—170 minutes
representative of the kinetics of ion transport
enzymes are effective in facilitating chemical
194 Questions
through a membrane channel?
reactions?
(A) They raise the temperature of the reaction
Directions:
Each of
the questions
incomplete
statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
mixture,
thereby
speedingorup
the conversion
(A) fill in the corresponding space on the
completions.
Select
the
one
that
is
best
in
each
case
and then completely
of reactants to products.
answer
sheet.
(B) They alter the equilibrium constant of a
reaction (Keq) so that more reactant can be
converted
to product.
1. Which of the following
pairs of molecules would
(C)
They
increase
the maximal rate of the
form hydrogen bonds?
chemical reaction (Vmax).
(D) They lower the activation energy, thereby
speeding up the conversion of reactants
to products.
(E) They donate energy to reactions, thereby
allowing nonspontaneous reactions to
proceed.
2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through
the secretory pathway in which of the following
orders?
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
(B) Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
(C) rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
11. Targeting of a newly synthesized protein is most
likely to require two different signal peptides for
which of the following destinations?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Plasma membrane
Lysosome
Cytosol
Chloroplast
Endoplasmic reticulum
12. Approximately what fraction of the human
genome encodes proteins?
(A) I only
(A) III2%
(B)
only
(B) 25%
(C)
IV only
(C) 50%
(D)
I and II only
(D) 90%
(E)
II, III, and IV
(E) 99%
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(D)
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
(E) charged side chains
13. Which of the following contain DNA sequences
required for the segregation of chromosomes in
mitosis and meiosis?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Telomeres
Centromeres
Nucleosomes
Spliceosomes
Ribosomes
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
-3-5-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
11
BIOLOGY TEST
15. In eukaryotic photosynthetic cells, which of Time—170
the
18. The action of an inhibitor that diminishes the rate
minutes
following occurs when electrons flow cyclically
of catalysis by binding reversibly at the active site
194 Questions
through the electron transport chain associated
is best described as
with photosystem I?
(A) facultative
Directions:
Each of
questions or incomplete statements below(B)
is followed
by five suggested answers or
(A) Synthesis
of the
ATP
competitive
completions. Select the one that
is
best
in
each
case
and
then
completely
fill
in
the
(C) constitutivecorresponding space on the
(B) Reduction of NADP+ to NADPH
answer sheet.
(D) allosteric
(C) Release of O2
(E) cooperative
(D) Reduction of CO2 to sugar
Formation
of H2O pairs of molecules would
1. (E)
Which
of the following
2. Proteins
to be
secreted
through
19.
All of thedestined
following
may
serve asmove
intracellular
form hydrogen bonds?
the
secretory
pathway
in
which
of
the
following
messengers EXCEPT
orders?
16. In the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase, the rate
(A) calcium ions
of reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol increases
(A)
Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
(B) cAMP
as the concentration of acetaldehyde is increased.
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(C) acetylcholine
Eventually, the rate of the reaction reaches a
cell surface
(D) inositol
1,4,5-triphosphate
maximum, after which point further increases in
(E) 1,2-diacylglycerol
(B)
Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
the concentration of acetaldehyde have no effect.
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
Which of the following is true at the maximal rate
20.
In
chloroplasts,
a certain protein is found in the
of reaction?
cell surface
lumen
of
the
thylakoid
space).
It is
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ (thylakoid
ER transport
vesicle
Æ
(A) Nearly all of the enzyme molecules are
transcribed in the nucleus and synthesized on
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
interacting with acetaldehyde molecules.
cytoplasmic ribosomes. How many membrane
cell
surface
(B) The activation energy of the reaction
bilayers must
this protein cross to reach its final
decreases.
(D)
Golgi
location? cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
(C) The change in free energy of the reaction
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(A) One
decreases.
cell surface
(B) Two
(D) The enzyme is no longer specific for
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
(C) Three
acetaldehyde.
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
(D) Four
(E) The enzyme has mostly been used up in
vesicle Æ cell surface
(E) Five
earlier phases of the reaction.
(A) I only
17. When
influenza virus enters a cell, it
(B) IIIanonly
immediately
(C) IV only starts to do which of the following?
(D)
I and II onlyviral DNA into the host cell’s
(A) Incorporate
(E) II,chromosome
III, and IV
(B) Destroy the host cell’s transcriptional
machinery
(C) Replicate its genetic material and synthesize
viral proteins
(D) Use a viral copy of reverse transcriptase
to manufacture viral DNA
(E) Destabilize membrane proteins and lyse
the host cell
3. Stabilization
the unique
coiled structure
21.
Which of the of
following
statements
about
of
an alpha helix
a protein isisprimarily
mitochondria
andinchloroplasts
generally true?
attributed to
(A) Plants have chloroplasts but no mitochondria;
(A) hydrogen
bonding
between the
animals have
mitochondria
butpeptide
no
backbone
atoms
chloroplasts.
(B) disulfide
bridges
betweenbut
cysteine
side
Plants have
chloroplasts
no mitochondria;
chains
fungi have mitochondria but no
(C) carbohydrate
chloroplasts.moieties attached to polar
aminoand
acids
(C) Plants
fungi have chloroplasts but no
(D) peptide
linkagesanimals
that covalently
bond amino
mitochondria;
have only
acids
mitochondria.
(E)
abundance
of have
aminoboth
acids
with electrically
(D) an
Plants
and fungi
chloroplasts
charged
side
chains
and mitochondria; animals have only
mitochondria.
(E) Plants have both chloroplasts and
mitochondria; animals and fungi have
only mitochondria.
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
12
-3-6-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
BIOLOGY TEST
25. Which of the following sets of reactions occurs
22. The following pairs were placed in solution Time—170 minutes
in the stroma of the chloroplast in plant cells?
together. Which two could be separated by
194 Questions
performing low-speed centrifugation?
(A) Calvin cycle
(B) Krebs cycle
(A) DNA and mRNA
Directions:
Each
of
the
questions
or
incomplete
statements
below
is followed
by five suggested answers or
(C)
Fermentation
(B) Nuclei and secretory vesicles
completions.
Select
the
one
that
is
best
in
each
case
and
then
completely
fill
in
the
corresponding space on the
(D) Decarboxylation
(C) Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum
answer
sheet.
(E) Ammonification
(D) Lysosomes and endosomes
(E) Ribosomes and signal-recognition particles
26. Which of the following is typically NOT found
(SRP’s)
1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would
2. Proteins
be secreted
move
through
in normaldestined
somatictocells
of a human
male?
form
hydrogen
bonds?
the
secretory
pathway
in
which
of
the
following
23. Phalloidin is a toxin made by the death cap
(A) The entire genetic information possessed
orders?
mushroom. The toxin binds to actin subunits and
by the original zygote
disrupts actin function. Which of the following
(A)
Smooth
ER Æ Golgi
transport vesicle Æ
(B) An
inactivated
X chromosome
structures would be most directly affected by
Golgi
cisternae
Æ
secretory
vesicle Æ
(C) Forty-four autosomes
phalloidin?
surface
(D) Acell
diploid
nucleus
(E) A
Y chromosome
(A) Intermediate filaments
(B)
Rough
ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
(B) Collagen fibers
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
27. Whichcell
of the
following is the most direct cause
(C) Microfilaments
surface
of
polyteny
in
somatic
of certainvesicle
organisms?
(D) Microtubules
(C) Golgi cisternae
Æ cells
ER transport
Æ
(E) Keratin fibers
(A) RNA
transcription
smooth
ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(B) Supercoiling
of chromatin
cell
surface
24. Mitochondria isolated and placed in a buffered
(C) Golgi
Chromosome
replication
withoutvesicle
cell division
(D)
cisternae
Æ ER transport
Æ
solution with a low pH begin to manufacture
(D) Chromosome
recombination
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
ATP. Which of the following is the best
(E) Amplification
cell surface of sex chromosomes
explanation for the effect of low external pH?
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
28. In humans, a hereditary disorder called xeroderma
(A) It increases the concentration of OH-,
vesicle Æ
Golgi
pigmentosum
(XP)
cancisternae
result in Æ
thesecretory
inability to
causing the mitochondria to pump H+ to
vesicle
Æ
cell
surface
repair
ultraviolet
damage
to
DNA.
Which
of the
the intermembrane space.
following
molecular
lesions
is
most
likely
to
(B) It
increases the OH- concentration
(A)
I only
3. Stabilization
of the unique
coiled structure
accrue in individuals
with XP?
the mitochondria matrix.
(B) IIIinonly
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
the acid concentration
(A) Thymine
(C) It
IVincreases
only
attributed
to dimers
matrix.
(B) Deamination of cytosine
(D) I in
andthe
II mitochondria
only
(A)
bonding between the peptide
(C) hydrogen
Depurination
(D) II,
It increases
diffusion of H+ from the
(E)
III, and IV
backbone
atoms
(D) Single
strand
DNA breaks
intermembrane space to the matrix.
+
(B)
disulfide
bridges
between
(E)
Double
strand
DNA
breakscysteine side
(E) It causes a decrease in H in the
chains
intermembrane space.
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
-3-7-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
13
BIOLOGY TEST
Time—170 minutes
194 Questions
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the
answer sheet.
29. Portions of the DNA sequences of normal and mutant b-globin genes are shown above. The most plausible
explanation for why the indicated mutation (changing an A to a G) results in the disease b-thalassemia is that
1. the
Which
of the following pairs of molecules would
2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through
mutation
form hydrogen bonds?
the secretory pathway in which of the following
(A) changes the amino acid specified by the codon of which the
altered base is part
orders?
(B) generates a recognition site for a restriction enzyme, so the gene is cut in two
(A)removed
Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
(C) creates a new splice site, so that a portion of the intron is not
(D) results in an increase in the transcription of the b-globin gene Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(E) results in a translation stop codon being created at the site of thecell
mutation
surface
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
30. Which of the following is encoded by the src
32. Monoclonal antisera are distinguished from
(C)
Golgi
ER transport
vesicle Æ
polyclonal cisternae
antisera inÆwhich
of the following
oncogene and catalyzes the specific addition
ways?smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
of phosphate groups to cellular proteins?
cell surface
(A) Protein phosphatase
(A) Golgi
Each type
of antibody
a monoclonal
(D)
cisternae
Æ ER in
transport
vesicle Æ
(B) Adenylate cyclase
antiserum reacts against a single region of
rough
Æ secretory
vesicle
Æ
(C) G protein-linked receptor
a singleER
antigen;
each type
of antibody
in a
cell
surface
(D) Tyrosine kinase
polyclonal antiserum reacts against multiple
(E) Rough
ERofÆ
smoothantigens.
ER Æ Golgi transport
(E) Homeobox transcription factor
regions
different
Æ Golgi
cisternae
Æ against
secretory
(B) Avesicle
monoclonal
antibody
reacts
31. Mutation of homeotic cluster genes often results
multiple
regions
of
a
single
antigen;
a
vesicle Æ cell surface
in which of the following developmental defects
polyclonal antibody reacts against a single
(A)Drosophila
I only
in
?
region of related
antigens.
3. Stabilization
the unique
coiled structure
(B) III only
(C)anAalpha
monoclonal
antiserum
antibodies
of
helix
in
a
protein
iscontains
primarily
(A)
(C) Absence
IV only of a group of contiguous segments
secreted
from the descendants of a single B
attributed
to
(B)
of one segment into another
(D) Transformation
I and II only
lymphocyte; a polyclonal antiserum
(C)
Polarity
defects
(A) hydrogen
between
thefrom
peptide
(E) II, III, and IV in every segment along
contains bonding
antibodies
secreted
the
the anterior-posterior axis
backbone
atoms
descendants of different B lymphocytes.
(D) Tumor formation in imaginal discs
(B)
bridges
betweencontains
cysteineantibodies
side
(D) disulfide
A monoclonal
antiserum
(E) Absence of every other segment along
chains
secreted from the descendants of a single B
the anterior-posterior axis
(C) carbohydrate
attached
to polar
lymphocyte;moieties
a polyclonal
antiserum
amino
acids
contains antibodies secreted from the
(D) peptide
linkages
that covalently
descendants
of both
B and T bond amino
acids
lymphocytes.
(E)
abundance of
amino acids
with electrically
(E) an
A monoclonal
antiserum
is produced
by the
charged
side
chains
descendants of a single B lymphocyte;
a polyclonal antiserum is produced by the
descendants of a single T lymphocyte.
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
14
-3-8-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
BIOLOGY TEST
33. Which of the following most accurately describes
36. If the activity of an enzyme is constant over a
Time—170 minutes
a retrotransposon?
broad range of pH values, it is likely that
194 Questions
(A) A DNA sequence that can move from
(A) only ionizing groups on the enzyme
one site in the genome to another without
participate in the reaction
Directions:
Each of the questions or incomplete statements below(B)
is followed
by fivegroups
suggested
answers
or
replicating
only ionizing
on the
substrate
completions.
Select
the
one
that
is
best
in
each
case
and
then
completely
fill
in
the
corresponding
space
on
the
(B) A DNA sequence that can be deleted from
participate in the reaction
answer sheet.
the genome without consequence
(C) ionizing groups on both the enzyme and
(C) A DNA sequence that replicates via an RNA
substrate participate in the reaction
intermediate
(D) no ionizing groups on the enzyme or
1. (D)
Which
of thesequence
followingthat
pairs
of molecules
would
2. Proteins
destined
to be secreted
through
A DNA
replicates
via a protein
substrate
participate
in themove
reaction
form hydrogen
bonds?
the
secretory
pathway
in
which
of
the
following
intermediate
(E) the temperature should be changed in order to
orders?
(E) A DNA sequence that causes
observe a pH effect
base-substitution mutations at some other
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
site on the chromosome
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
34. Which of the following cells are typically
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
necessary for the production of a maximal
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
humoral response upon initial exposure to
cell surface
a protein antigen?
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
(A) B lymphocytes only
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(B) T lymphocytes only
cell
surface
(C) B lymphocytes and dendritic cells only
(D)
Golgi
cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
(D) B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes only
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(E) B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and dendritic
cell surface
cells
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
an alpha
helix
in a protein
is primarily
37. of
Which
of the
following
developmental
processes
attributed
to
has been most recently completed in the
amphibian
embryo
shown
above?the peptide
(A)
hydrogen
bonding
between
backbone atoms
(A) Neurulation
(B)
disulfide
(B) Cleavagebridges between cysteine side
chains formation
(C) Blastula
(C)
carbohydrate
(D) Gastrulation moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(E) Segmentation
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
38. Whichacids
of the following plant cells undergoes
(E)
an abundance
of amino
acids with
electrically
programmed
cell death
to become
functional?
charged side chains
(A) Phloem sieve tube member
(B) Xylem vessel member
(C) Stomatal guard cell
(D) Root cap cell
(E) Bundle sheath cell
35. The figure above shows an intact linear DNA
segment from two subspecies (lanes X and Y)
and the same DNA segments digested by EcoRI
(lanes X ¢and Y ¢), separated on an electrophoretic
gel. Which of the following is the simplest
explanation for the difference between the DNA
segments of the two subspecies?
(A) X’s DNA segment lacks any restriction sites.
(B) Y’s DNA segment has one EcoRI restriction
site; X’s has none.
(C) Y’s DNA segment has two EcoRI restriction
sites; X’s has only one.
(D) The Y segment has fewer nucleotides than
the X segment.
(E) X has less DNA than Y does.
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-3-9-
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15
BIOLOGY TEST
43. Experiments on song development in birds have
39. Which of the following provides visual evidence
Time— 170 minutes
shown that when a young male reared in isolation
of genetic recombination during meiosis?
194 Questions
hears only the song of a different bird species, he
(A) Centromeres
will develop an adult song repertoire that lacks
(B) Synaptonemal complexes
certain
characteristics
typical ofanswers
his ownorspecies.
Directions:
Each
of
the
questions
or
incomplete
statements
below
is followed
by five suggested
(C) Haploid nuclei
This result
shows
that the song space
of his on
species
completions.
Select
the
one
that
is
best
in
each
case
and
then
completely
fill
in
the
corresponding
the
(D) Chiasmata
is most likely
answer
sheet.
(E) Secondary constrictions
(A) entirely learned during development
(B) entirely instinctive
40. A plant that possesses swimming sperm, xylem
1. Which
of the following
pairsgametophyte
of moleculesand
would
2. Proteins
to be
(C) bothdestined
instinctive
andsecreted
learnedmove through
with tracheids,
independent
form
hydrogen
bonds?
the
secretory
pathway
in
which for
of the
following
(D) dependent upon hormones
proper
sporophyte phases, and no seeds is probably
orders?
development
most closely related to
(E)
dependent
the presence
a female
(A) Smooth ERupon
Æ Golgi
transportofvesicle
Æ
(A) mosses
Golgi
cisternae
Æ
secretory
vesicle
Æ
(B) pines
cell surface
(C) ferns
(D) liverworts
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
(E) flowering plants
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
41. The ability of the brain to detect differences in
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
stimulus intensity is best explained by the fact that
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
which of the following varies with the stimulus
cell
surface
intensity?
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
(A) The amplitude of the action potential
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(B) The threshold potential
cell surface
(C) The number of action potentials per second
44. (E)
In Zea
maysER
theÆ
diploid
chromosome
number
Rough
smooth
ER Æ Golgi
transport
(D) The number of synapses crossed
equals 20. In which of the following tissues of
vesicle
Æ
Golgi
cisternae
Æ
secretory
(E) The final destination of the action potential
the plant would the cell division illustrated in the
vesicle
cell surface
diagram
aboveÆoccur?
42. How do cyanobacteria differ from green
(A)
I only algae?
(A) Apical meristem
3. Stabilization
of the unique coiled structure
unicellular
(B) III only
(B)anAnther
of
alpha helix in a protein is primarily
(A) IV
Cyanobacteria
reduce sulfur compounds.
(C)
only
(C) Cambium
attributed
to
(B) Cyanobacteria
(D)
I and II only lack cell walls.
(D) Sepal
(A)
bonding between the peptide
(C) II,
Cyanobacteria
(E)
III, and IV have no nuclei.
(E) hydrogen
Root primordia
backbone atoms
(D) Green algae produce cell membranes.
disulfide
bridges between
cysteine
side
(E) Green algae contain lipids.
45. (B)
Which
of the following
is the correct
anatomical
chains
order of structures in the mammalian female
(C)
carbohydrate
reproductive
tract?moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(A) peptide
Oviduct,linkages
uterus, rete,
vagina
(D)
that covalently
bond amino
(B) Oviduct,
epididymis,
uterus, vagina
acids
(C) an
Ovary,
oviduct,
(E)
abundance
ofuterus,
amino vagina
acids with electrically
(D) Ovary,
uterus,
vagina, rete
charged
side chains
(E) Ovary, epididymis, oviduct, uterus
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
16
-3-10-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
BIOLOGY TEST
46. Which of the following sources makes the Time—170 minutes
48. Both C4 and CAM plants employ physiological
greatest contribution to the dry mass of organic
and biochemical strategies to reduce
194 Questions
matter that comprises an oak tree?
photorespiration. Which of the following is
an accurate comparison of the two strategies?
(A) Organic molecules from decaying matter
Directions:
Each
of
the
questions
or
incomplete
statements
below
is followed
byfix
five
suggested
answers or
(A)
C4 plants
CO
in the soil that are taken up by the roots
2 as the 4-carbon acid
completions.
Select
the
one
that
is
best
in
each
case
and
then
completely
fill
in
the
corresponding
space on the
(B) Mineral nutrients dissolved in groundwater
oxaloacetate, while CAM plants fix CO2
answer sheet.
that are taken up by the roots
as the 5-carbon acid ribulose 1,
(C) Water that is taken up by the roots and carbon
5-bisphosphate.
dioxide from the air
1. (D)
Which
of the following
moleculesof
would
2. Proteins
destined
secreted
move through
(B) C4 plants
fix to
CObe2 in
the mesophyll
but carry
Endosperm
located pairs
in theofcotyledons
form hydrogen
bonds?
the
secretory
pathway
in
which
of
the
following
out the Calvin cycle in the bundle sheath,
the acorn
orders?
(E) Light that is absorbed by the chloroplasts of
while CAM plants fix CO2 and carry out the
leaf cells
(A) Smooth
ÆinGolgi
transport vesicle Æ
Calvin ER
cycle
the mesophyll.
Golgi
cisternae
vesicle
the bundle
sheathÆbut
(C) C4
plants
fix CO2Æinsecretory
47. In an experiment, the first cleavage plane of an
cell
carrysurface
out the Calvin cycle in the mesophyll,
amphibian zygote was manipulated so that the
(B) Rough
Æ plants
Golgi transport
vesicle
while ER
CAM
fix CO2 and
carryÆout the
gray crescent was contained in only one of the
Golgi
cisternae
Æ
secretory
vesicle
Calvin cycle in the bundle sheath. Æ
two blastomeres that result from the first
cell
surface
cleavage. The two blastomeres were then
(D) C4
plants
store CO2 as phosphoglycolate,
(C)
Golgi
cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
separated. What is the expected fate of the
while CAM plants store CO2 as
blastomeres?
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle
Æ
oxaloacetate.
cell
surface
(A) The blastomere with the gray crescent will
(E) Golgi
C4 plants
carry Æ
outER
photosynthetic
electron
(D)
cisternae
transport vesicle
Æ
grow in size more quickly than the one
transport
in
the
daytime,
while
CAM
plants
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
without the gray crescent.
carrysurface
out photosynthetic electron transport
cell
(B) The blastomere with the gray crescent will
at night.
form a complete, but small, embryo.
(E) Rough
ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
(C) The blastomere without the gray crescent will
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
49. Double fertilization is a unique feature of flowering
form a complete, but small, embryo.
cell surface
plants.vesicle
In thisÆ
process,
one sperm unites with the
(D) The blastomere with the gray crescent will
egg
to
yield
a
zygote.
The
second sperm unites
(A) I stop
only dividing and die before the second
3. Stabilization
ofnuclei
the unique
coiled
with
the
polar
to
initiate
thestructure
formation
(B) IIIcleavage.
only
of
an
alpha
helix
in
a
protein
is
primarily
of
the
(E) The
blastomere without the gray crescent will
(C)
IV only
attributed to
into a complete embryo with
(D) I develop
and II only
(A) megagametophyte
(A)
bonding between the peptide
polarity.
(E) II,reversed
III, and dorsal-ventral
IV
(B) hydrogen
endodermis
backbone
atoms
(C) embryo
(B)
disulfide
bridges
between cysteine side
(D) endosperm
chains
(E) epicotyl
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
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-3-11-
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17
BIOLOGY TEST
53. Evidence that sea urchins are more closely related
50. The crouching of very young birds in response
Time—170 minutes
to frogs than they are to snails is that echinoderms
to a predator’s shape overhead is an example of
194 Questions
and chordates share which of the following
(A) a conditioned response
embryological features?
(B) a fixed action pattern
Directions:
Each
of
the
questions
or
incomplete
statements
below
is followed
by fivenotochord
suggested disappears
answers orby
(A)
An embryonic
(C) an imprinted behavior
completions.
Select
the
one
that
is
best
in
each
case
and
then
completely
fill
in
the
corresponding
space on the
the adult stage.
(D) learned behavior
answer
sheet.
(B) Larvae undergo metamorphosis.
(E) habituation
(C) Early embryos are unable to compensate
for missing cells.
2. Proteins
destined
be secreted
(D) Dermis
arisestofrom
somites.move through
the
secretory
pathway
in
which
of the
following
(E) The pore that forms the
mouth
develops
orders?
after the pore that forms the anus.
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
The graphs
theER
amount
of ATP
and
54. (E)
Rough above
ER Æ show
smooth
Æ Golgi
transport
NADPH
in
isolated
chloroplasts
once
these
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
organelles are given light, and then later, after
vesicle Æ cell surface
exposure to a herbicide. Based on the evidence
presented in the graphs, it can be concluded that
3. Stabilization
the unique
coiled structure
this herbicideofaffects
photosynthesis
by
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed
to the movement of H+ across
(A) altering
membranes of mitochondria
(A) hydrogen bonding between the
peptide
(B) altering
the atoms
movement of H+ across
backbone
membranes
of chloroplasts
(B) disulfide
bridges
between cysteine side
(C) inhibiting
the
reduction of NADP+
chains
(D) carbohydrate
inhibiting the moieties
oxidationattached
of NADH
(C)
to polar
(E) inhibiting
the
oxidation
of
NADPH
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
51. A healthy person sitting at rest consciously begins
1. to
Which
of the
pairs
of molecules
breathe
toofollowing
fast. Which
of the
following would
form
hydrogen
bonds?
describes the change in the person’s blood
caused by this hyperventilation?
(A) A decrease in partial pressure of carbon
dioxide and an increase in concentration
of hydrogen ions
(B) A decrease in partial pressure of carbon
dioxide and a decrease in concentration
of hydrogen ions
(C) An increase in partial pressure of carbon
dioxide and an increase in concentration
of hydrogen ions
(D) An increase in partial pressure of carbon
dioxide and a decrease in concentration
of hydrogen ions
(E) An increase in partial pressure of carbon
dioxide and an unchanged concentration
of hydrogen ions
52. Which of the following would increase the rate at
which
a gas diffuses between the alveoli of the
(A)
I only
lung III
andonly
the blood within a pulmonary capillary?
(B)
(C)
IV
only
(A) Decreasing the partial pressure gradient
(D) I of
andthe
II gas
only
(E)
II,
III,
and
(B) DecreasingIV
the solubility of the gas in water
(C) Increasing the total surface area available
for diffusion
(D) Decreasing the rate of blood flow through
the pulmonary capillary
(E) Increasing the thickness of the respiratory
membrane
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
18
-3-12-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
BIOLOGY TEST
57. Many marine birds drink seawater yet maintain
Time—170 minutes
their internal osmolarity at a constant level that is
194 Questions
hypoosmotic to seawater. Which of the following
(A) The ends of actin filaments move closer
physiological strategies best explains how the
together.
birds
maintain
osmolarity?
Directions:
Each
of
the
questions
or
incomplete
statements
below
is followed
bytheir
five tissue
suggested
answers or
(B) The length of myosin filaments does not
completions.
Select
the
one
that
is
best
in
each
case
and
then
completely
fill
in
the
corresponding
on the
(A) Marine birds absorb water space
from the
change.
answer
sheet.
environment through specialized
(C) Calcium-troponin binding precedes
55. All of the following statements about
muscle contraction are true EXCEPT:
salt-exchange glands and produce large
volumes of dilute urine in the kidneys.
2. Proteins
destined
be secreted
move
(B) Marine
birds to
absorb
salts from
thethrough
the secretory
pathway
in
which
of
the
environment through specializedfollowing
orders?
salt-exchange glands and produce large
volumes
concentrated
urinevesicle
in the Æ
(A) Smooth
ERofÆ
Golgi transport
kidneys.
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(C) Marine
birds excrete salts through specialized
cell surface
salt-exchange glands and excrete small
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
volumes of urine.
Golgi cisternae
Æ secretory
Æ
(D) Marine
birds excrete
salts and vesicle
nitrogenous
cell
surface
wastes
through specialized nasal glands.
(C)
Golgi
Æ ER transport
vesicle Æ
(E) Marinecisternae
birds sequester
salts in specialized
salt glands
secrete nitrogenous
smooth
ERand
Æ secretory
vesicle Æ wastes
primarily
into the gut.
cell
surface
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
58. A stem-boring
has laidvesicle
its eggsÆin the
rough ERbeetle
Æ secretory
centercell
of asurface
5-year-old wood twig, and the eggs
have matured into larvae. In proper order (inside
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
to outside), what tissues and tissue regions would
vesicle
Æ Golgi
Æ secretory
the larvae
encounter
ascisternae
they eat their
way toward
vesicle
surface
the outside
ofÆ
thecell
twig?
(For simplicity, assume
that the epidermis has already fallen off
3. Stabilization
completely.) of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
(A) Pith; primary
xylem; secondary xylem;
attributed
to
vascular cambium; primary phloem;
(A) hydrogen
bonding
between
secondary
phloem;
cortex the peptide
backbone
atoms
(B) Pith;
secondary
xylem; primary xylem;
(B) disulfide
between
cysteine
side
vascularbridges
cambium;
secondary
phloem;
chains
primary phloem; cortex
(C) carbohydrate
moieties
polar
Pith; secondary
xylem;attached
primaryto
xylem;
amino
acids
vascular
cambium; primary phloem;
(D) peptide
linkages
that cortex
covalently bond amino
secondary
phloem;
acids
(D) Pith; primary xylem; secondary xylem;
(E) anvascular
abundance
of amino
acids with
electrically
cambium;
secondary
phloem;
charged
side
chains
cortex; primary phloem
(E) Pith; primary xylem; secondary xylem;
vascular cambium; secondary phloem;
primary phloem; cortex
actin-myosin binding.
(D) Calcium-tropomyosin binding precedes
1. Whichactin-myosin
of the following
pairs of molecules would
binding.
form
hydrogen
bonds?
(E) ATP hydrolysis precedes actin-myosin
binding.
56. Mouse sperm contain receptor proteins that bind
to a glycoprotein (ZP3) in the zona pellucida of
mouse eggs. Binding of ZP3 receptors to ZP3
initiates the sperm’s acrosomal reaction. All of
the following experimental observations would be
expected EXCEPT:
(A) Injecting eggs with antibodies that bind
to ZP3 blocks in vitro fertilization.
(B) Incubating sperm with purified ZP3 prior
to mixing sperm and eggs blocks in vitro
fertilization.
(C) Incubating eggs with antibodies that bind
to ZP3 blocks in vitro fertilization.
(D) Coating synthetic beads with a different
glycoprotein, ZP2, fails to lead to sperm
aggregation on the beads.
(E) Coating
(A)
I only synthetic beads with ZP3 leads
sperm aggregation on the beads.
(B) IIItoonly
(C) IV only
(D) I and II only
(E) II, III, and IV
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
-3-13-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
19
BIOLOGY TEST
60. Which of the following tissues in an actively
59. During the mammalian cardiac cycle, a volume
Time— 170 minutes
photosynthesizing plant would have the highest
of blood equivalent to ventricular stroke volume
194 Questions
rate of oxygen production?
is transferred from the more compliant venous
side to the less compliant arterial side of the
(A) Cortex
circulation.
In terms
pressures
the statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
Directions:
Each
of the of
questions
or within
incomplete
(B) Palisade mesophyll
venous and
arterial
transfer
completions.
Select
the compartments,
one that is best this
in each
case and then completely
fill in the corresponding space on the
(C) Epidermis
results
in
answer
sheet.
(D) Vascular cambium
(E) Endodermis
(A) no change in pressure in either compartment
(B) no effect on venous pressure and a small
1. Whichincrease
of the following
of molecules would
2. Proteins
to be secreted
move
through
61.
Which ofdestined
the following
is a correct
statement
in arterialpairs
pressure
form
hydrogen
bonds?
the
secretory
pathway
in
which
of
the
following
about the cohesion-tension theory for the ascent
(C) an increase in venous pressure and an equal
orders?
but opposite decrease in arterial pressure
of water in the xylem?
(D) little effect on venous pressure and a large
(A)
Smooth
ER Æ Golgi
transport
(A) The
evaporation
of water
from vesicle
leaf Æ
increase in arterial pressure
Golgi
cisternae
Æ
secretory
vesicle
mesophyll cells generates tension in Æ
the
(E) a decrease in venous pressure and an equal
cell
surface
water
column.
but opposite increase in arterial pressure
source region
with
(B) Water
Roughmoves
ER Æ from
Golgiatransport
vesicle
Æ high
hydrostatic
pressure
to a sinkvesicle
regionÆ
with
Golgi
cisternae
Æ secretory
low
hydrostatic
pressure.
cell surface
(C) Golgi
The cohesion
water
moleculesvesicle
is
(C)
cisternaeofÆ
ER transport
Æ
responsible for the formation of embolisms
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(air bubbles) in the water column.
cell
(D) Livingsurface
cells of the xylem provide the main
(D) Golgi
cisternae
ER transport
conduit
for an Æ
ascent
of water. vesicle Æ
rough pressure
ER Æ secretory
Æ
(E) Turgor
preventsvesicle
the collapse
cell
surface
of xylem
cells that are under tension.
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
62. A transverse section of a leaf is represented in the diagram
above. Transpiration in the leaf depends on the transport of
potassium ions
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
into O
into P
from M to L
from M to Q
from P to L
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
20
-3-14-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
BIOLOGY TEST
66. All of the following statements about plant
63. Which of the following is the symplastic pathway
Time—170 minutes
embryogenesis are correct EXCEPT:
for the movement of sucrose from the site of
194 Questions
photosynthesis in mesophyll cells into the
(A) The suspensor is derived from the basal cell.
phloem?
(B) Cotyledons are derived from the apical cell.
Directions:
Each
of
the
questions
or
incomplete
statements
below
is followed
by five
suggested
answersoccurs
or after
(C)
Shoot apical
meristem
formation
(A) Fibers, phloem parenchyma, companion cell,
completions.
Select
the
one
that
is
best
in
each
case
and
then
completely
fill
in
the
corresponding
space
on
the
seed formation.
sieve tube
answer
sheet.
(D) Precursors of all three plant tissue systems
(B) Phloem parenchyma, fibers, bundle sheath,
are formed during embryogenesis.
(E) Late stages of embryogenesis involve
2. Proteins
destined to
secreted tissues.
move through
desiccation
of be
embryonic
the secretory pathway in which of the following
orders?
an experiment, a plant cell was placed into a
67. In
medium
containing
a 1.0 mM
concentration
(A) Smooth
ER Æ Golgi
transport
vesicle Æof
++
Ca .Golgi
The electrochemical
potential
acrossÆthe
cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle
plasmacell
membrane
was
measured
at
-110
mV.
surface
The
Nernst
equation
predicted
that
the
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
intracellular
concentration
of Ca++ vesicle
would be
Golgi cisternae
Æ secretory
Æ
5,400 cell
mM.surface
The actual concentration of Ca++ in
the cell
wascisternae
1.5 mM.Æ
This
suggests
thatÆ
(C)
Golgi
ERvalue
transport
vesicle
calcium
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(A) iscell
actively
transported into the cell
surface
(B) Golgi
is not transported
the
(D)
cisternae Æacross
ER transport
vesicle Æ
plasma
membrane
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(C) iscell
passively
surfacetransported out of the cell
(D) is actively transported out of the cell
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
(E) diffuses freely across the plasma membrane
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
cell surface
68. Whichvesicle
of the Æ
following
statements about fungi
is NOT true?
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
(A) They all are eukaryotic.
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
(B) They to
all have rigid cell walls.
attributed
(C) Most are filamentous.
(A)
bonding between the peptide
(D) hydrogen
Some are photosynthetic.
backbone
atoms of both sexual and asexual
(E) Many
are capable
(B) disulfide
bridges between cysteine side
reproduction.
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
tracheids
(C) Companion cells, phloem parenchyma, fibers,
1. Whichsieve
of the
following pairs of molecules would
tube
form
hydrogen
bonds?
(D) Bundle sheath,
phloem parenchyma,
companion cell, sieve tube
(E) Bundle sheath, companion cell, fibers,
sieve tube
64. In plants, proton pumps are involved in the
process of loading sugars into the phloem for
transport. Which of the following is true about
this process?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
It is passive.
It depends on DNA.
It requires ATP.
It translocates starch.
It is an oxidation/reduction reaction.
65. According to the pressure-flow model of
movement of phloem contents, photosynthate
movement from source to sink is driven by
(A)
(A)
(B)
(B)
(C)
(C)
(D)
(D)
(E)
(E)
an ATP-dependent pressure-flow pump
aI only
water-pressure potential gradient
III
only
transpiration
IV
only diffusion
apoplastic
Ia and
II only
pH gradient
II, III, and IV
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
-3-15-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
21
BIOLOGY TEST
71. Which of the following is a benefit that
Time— 170 minutes
mycorrhizal fungi confer to many plants?
194 Questions
(A) They protect plant roots from desiccation
in extremely dry habitats.
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below(B)
is followed
five suggested
or
They fixby
nitrogen,
which isanswers
particularly
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely important
fill in the corresponding
space
on
the
for plants in nitrogen-limited
answer sheet.
habitats.
(C) They provide access to phosphorus, an
essential element that is limited in many
1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would
2. Proteins
destined
to be secreted move through
kinds
of soils.
form hydrogen bonds?
the
secretory
pathway
in which
of the
following
(D) They provide carbon
to plants
in exchange
69. Barley seeds are divided in half, as shown in the
orders?
for fixed nitrogen.
diagram above, and the halves containing only
(E)
They
produce
kill the
roots Æ
of
endosperm and aleurone are then treated with
(A) Smooth
ER Ætoxins
Golgi that
transport
vesicle
neighboring
plants
competing
for
soil
different concentrations of gibberellin. After
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
resources.
8 hours of incubation, reducing sugars appear
cell
surface
and a calibration curve is developed for the
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
72. Short-term changes in plant growth rate mediated
relation between gibberellin concentration and
secretory
vesicle Æ
by theGolgi
plant cisternae
hormone Æ
auxin
are hypothesized
the production of reducing sugars.
cellfrom
surface
to result
The most important reason for removing the
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
(A) loss of turgor pressure in the affected cells
embryo of the seeds used in the experiment is to
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(B) increased extensibility of the walls of
cell
surface
(A) prevent the seeds from germinating during
affected
cells
the experiment
(D)
Golgi
cisternae
Æ ER transport
Æ
(C) suppression
of metabolic
activityvesicle
in affected
(B) facilitate the absorption of gibberellin into
rough
cells ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
the cut seeds
cell surfacerearrangements in the affected
(D) cytoskeletal
(C) remove the natural source of gibberellin
cells ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
(E) Rough
(D) prevent the inhibition of gibberellin activity
(E) enlargement
of thecisternae
vacuolesÆ
of secretory
affected cells
vesicle Æ Golgi
(E) remove the glucose contained in the embryo
vesicle Æ cell surface
73. A prokaryote that is thermophilic and
70. Which
of the following would be the most
methanogenicofand
isoprenylglycerol
ethers
(A) I only
3. Stabilization
thehas
unique
coiled structure
dependable
in
its
membrane
instead
of
phospholipids
(B) III onlyenvironmental signal that a plant
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily is most
in a temperate
likely
(C)
IV only ecosystem could use to initiate
attributed
to
flowering
at only
the correct time of the year?
(D)
I and II
(A)
a
proteobacterium
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
(E)
II, III, andrhythm
IV
(A) Circadian
(B) a backbone
spirocheteatoms
(B) Photoperiod
(C)
a
memberbridges
of the genus
Chlamydia
(B) disulfide
between
cysteine side
(C) Changing air temperature
(D) anchains
archaeon
(D) Fluctuations in abscisic acid levels
(E) carbohydrate
a rickettsia moieties attached to polar
(C)
(E) Changing amounts of precipitation
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
22
-3-16-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
BIOLOGY TEST
74. Antibiotics that affect bacterial cells interfere
80. Which of the following is a reason that geneticists
Time—170 minutes
with all of the following EXCEPT
use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to study the
194 Questions
relatedness of animal populations?
(A) peptidoglycan synthesis
(B) protein synthesis
(A) mtDNA mutates at a slower rate than
Directions:
of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed
five suggested answers or
(C) DNAEach
synthesis
nuclearbyDNA.
completions.
Select
the
one
that
is
best
in
each
case
and
then
completely
fill
in
the
corresponding
spacetoonchild
the
(D) reverse transcriptase
(B) mtDNA is passed
from mother
answer
sheet.
(E) RNA polymerase
and is free from recombination that occurs
between pairs of chromosomes.
75. Which of the following characteristics
(C) There are few single nucleotide polymor­
1. distinguishes
Which of the following
pairs
of molecules
would
2. Proteins
destined
to hypervariable,
be secreted move
through
angiosperms
from
gymnosperms?
phisms
in the
noncoding
form hydrogen bonds?
the secretory
pathway
in
which
of
the
following
regions.
(A) Perennial growth
orders?
(D) All mitochondrial proteins are coded for by
(B) True roots
mitochondrial
genes.transport vesicle Æ
(A) Smooth
ER Æ Golgi
(C) Apical growth
(E) AGolgi
large cisternae
percentage
the mitochondrial
Æofsecretory
vesicle Æ
(D) Seeds enclosed in ovaries
genome
codes
for
proteins,
and
thus the
cell surface
(E) Vascular cambium that produces phloem
majority of retained mutations are neutral.
and xylem
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
cisternaecharacteristics
Æ secretory vesicle
Æ
81. All of Golgi
the following
are typical
76. In fungi, cell walls are reinforced by which of the
cell surface
of r-selected
species EXCEPT
following?
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
(A) high reproductive rate
(A) Chitin
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(B) small body size
(B) Silica
cell
surface
(C) occupancy
of unstable environments
(C) Lignin
(D)
Golgi
cisternae
ER transport vesicle Æ
(D) minimal
parentalÆcare
(D) Collagen fibers
rough
ER Æ secretory
(E) high
competitive
ability vesicle Æ
(E) Microtubules
cell surface
82. Which
of theER
following
active
pools
of carbon
(E) Rough
Æ smooth
ER Æ
Golgi
transport
77. Ferns undergo alternation of generations in which a
is the largest
contributes
vesicle on
Æ Earth
Golgi and
cisternae
Æ secretory
(A) dominant sporophyte alternates with an
the most
to carbon
vesicle
Æ cellcycling?
surface
independent gametophyte
(A) The atmosphere
(B) Idominant
gametophyte alternates with a
(A)
only
3. Stabilization
of the
unique coiled structure
(B) Rain-forest
vegetation
sporophyte
(B) IIIdependent
only
of
alpha helix in
a protein
(C)anRecoverable
fossil
fuels is primarily
and a gametophyte have equal life
(C) sporophyte
IV only
attributed
(D) Dead to
organic matter in soils
(D) I spans
and II only
(E) The
oceansbonding between the peptide
(A)
hydrogen
(D) gametophyte
(E)
II, III, and IVproduces gametes by meiosis
backbone atoms
(E) gametophyte alternates with a haploid zygote
83. (B)
Which
of the following
characteristics
predicted
disulfide
bridges between
cysteineisside
for an chains
early-successional plant community?
78. Mammals are homeostatic for all of the following
(C)
moieties attached
to polar
EXCEPT
(A) carbohydrate
High niche divergence
among co-occurring
amino
speciesacids
(A) body temperature
(D)
linkages
that covalently
bond amino
(B) peptide
High ratios
of primary
production
(B) blood glucose concentration
acids
to standing-crop biomass
(C) blood pH
(E)
abundance
ofof
amino
acids with
electrically
(C) an
High
frequency
K-selected
species
(D) metabolic rate
charged
side
chains
(D) High detrital biomass
(E) blood calcium concentration
(E) Slow nutrient cycling, with most nutrients
tied up in plant biomass
79. Which of the following statements is true of air
as compared to water ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Air provides more physical support.
Air has a higher O2 concentration.
Air offers more resistance to motion.
Air has more thermal inertia.
Air has lower rates of gas diffusion.
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
-3-17-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
23
BIOLOGY TEST
84. An aspect of the natural world that developed
86. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium generally assumes
Time—170 minutes
primarily as a result of biological processes is
all of the following EXCEPT
194 Questions
Earth’s
(A) a large population
(B) genetic drift
(A) O2-rich atmosphere
Directions:
Each of the questions or incomplete statements below(C)
is followed
five suggested answers or
random by
mating
(B) CO2-rich
atmosphere
completions.
Select
the one that is best in each case and then completely
fill
in
the
corresponding space on the
(D) absence of selection
answer
sheet.
(C) water cycle
(E) absence of migration
(D) seasonality
87. Most of the world’s major deserts occur in two
1. (E)
Which
of theprocesses
following pairs of molecules would
2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through
tectonic
latitudinal bands that are centered at 30∞ north
form hydrogen bonds?
the secretory pathway in which of the following
and
30∞ south latitude. This pattern is best
orders?
explained by
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
(A) rain shadows of major mountain ranges that
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
occur at those latitudes
cell surface
(B) patterns
of continental drift in the last
(B) Rough
ER Æyears
Golgi transport vesicle Æ
65 million
Golgi
cisternae
Æ secretory
vesicle
Æ
(C) global climate changes
that have
occurred
cell
surface
in the
last century
(D) Golgi
latitudinal
variation
in transport
soil characteristics
(C)
cisternae
Æ ER
vesicle Æ
(E) major
patterns
of
atmospheric
circulation
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
above
and below the equator
cell
surface
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
85. The graph above shows the photosynthetic
response of three coexisting plant species, X,
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
Y, and Z, to a gradient of light intensity. Based
vesicle Æ cell surface
on these response curves, which of the following
(A)
I only
is most
likely true?
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
(B) III only
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
(A) Species Y is the tallest of the three.
(C) IV only
attributed to
(B) Species Y should outcompete species Z
(D) I and II only
in all light environments.
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
(E) II, III, and IV
(C) Species X is the superior competitor
backbone atoms
in deep shade.
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
(D) Species X has been artificially selected for
chains
high yield.
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
(E) Removal of species X should allow the
amino acids
population of species Z to increase greatly.
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
24
-3-18-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
BIOLOGY TEST
Time—170 minutes
194 Questions
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the
answer sheet.
1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would
form hydrogen bonds?
2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through
the secretory pathway in which of the following
orders?
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
88. The
two microbial species, A and B, were grown
(A) figures
I only above show the results of an experiment in which
3. Stabilization
uniqueB coiled
structure
in
three
treatments.
In
treatment
I,
species
A
was
grown
alone.
In treatmentof
II,the
species
was grown
alone.
(B) III only
of
an
alpha
helix
in
a
protein
is
primarily
In
treatment
III,
both
species
were
grown
together
at
the
same
starting
densities
as
in
(I)
and
(II).
The
results
(C) IV only
attributed to
suggest
theIIinteraction
is best described as
(D)
I and
only
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
(E)
II, III, and IV
(A) competitive
backbone atoms
(B) commensal
(B)
disulfide
bridges between cysteine side
(C) parasitic
chains
(D) predatory
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
(E) mutualistic
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
89. The process in which pioneer species colonize
90. Natural
enemies have been implicated as a strong
(E)
an
of amino
acids withEXCEPT
electrically
a bare substrate such as rock, sand, or glacial till
selectiveabundance
force for all
of the following
charged
side
chains
is known as
(A) aposematic coloration
(B) chemical defenses
(A) weathering
(B) stabilizing succession
(C) masting (synchronous fruiting)
(D) lekking behavior
(C) secondary succession
(E) immune responses
(D) primary succession
(E) cyclic succession
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
-3-19-
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25
BIOLOGY TEST
Time— 170 minutes
95. In Sweden, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) severely
194 Questions limits populations of its prey, including hares.
(A) an increase in genetic homogeneity in
However, red fox populations are sometimes
the metapopulation
by aby
fatal
theanswers
mange mite.
Directions:
Each ofinthe
or incomplete statements belowattacked
is followed
fiveparasite,
suggested
or As
(B) an increase
thequestions
rate of deleterious
mite
population
sizes
increase
at
a
given
site, how
completions.
Select the
onemetapopulation
that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the
mutations
in the
are
hare
and
fox
populations
most
likely
to
answer
(C) sheet.
an increased likelihood of speciation
respond at the same site? (Assume that hares have
(D) disruption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
no major predators at this site other than foxes.)
in the metapopulation
1. Which
the following
of molecules
2. Proteins
be populations
secreted move
(A) Bothdestined
fox and to
hare
willthrough
decrease.
(E) an of
enhancement
of pairs
the effects
of groupwould
form hydrogen
bonds?
the secretory
which of the
(B)
Both fox pathway
and harein
populations
willfollowing
increase.
selection in
each population
orders?
(C)
Fox populations will decrease and hare
populations
increase.
92. Keystone species are thought to have profound
(A) Smooth
ER Æwill
Golgi
transport vesicle Æ
(D) Fox populations will increase and hare
effects on the structure and composition of
Golgi
cisternae
Æ
secretory
populations will decrease. vesicle Æ
ecological communities because they
cellpopulations
surface
(E) Fox
will decrease but hare
(A) tend to reduce diversity by eliminating
(B) Rough
ER
Æ
Golgi
vesicle Æ
populations will betransport
unaffected.
food resources for other species
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(B) provide the foundation for food webs
cell surface
(C) are more abundant than most other species
(C)
Golgi
cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
in their communities
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(D) have unusually narrow niche requirements
cell surface
(E) can prevent superior competitors from
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
driving inferior competitors to local
extinction
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
93. Among primates, a high degree of sexual
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
dimorphism in a species usually indicates intense
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
competition between
vesicle Æ cell surface
(A) males in order to obtain individual food
(A) I resources
only
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
(B) males
III onlyin order to obtain mates
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
(C) IV
only in order to obtain individual food
females
96. attributed
The figuretoabove shows population growth
(D) I resources
and II only
trajectories
over
time (as
indicated
the arrows)
(A)
hydrogen
bonding
between
theby
peptide
(E) females
II, III, and
(D)
in IV
order to obtain mates
of twobackbone
stored-grain
beetle species when grown
atoms
(E) females in order to provide food for offspring
together
under
constant
conditions.
Three
(B) disulfide bridges between
cysteine
side
experiments
were
performed
that
differed
only
chains
94. A species of small rodent eats seeds from only
in
the
initial
densities
of
the
two
species.
Which
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
one species of pine. In normal years, a pair of
of the amino
following
is the best interpretation of the
acids
these rodents will have a litter of two or three.
experimental
results?
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
It is unusual for small rodents to have such
acids
(A) Population
growth is random (unpredictable)
small litter sizes. The rodents are most likely
(E)
an
abundance
of amino acids with electrically
for each species.
to exhibit which other characteristic?
charged
side
(B) No equilibriumchains
exists in which both species
(A) Moderate sexual size dimorphism
can coexist.
(B) High parental investment
(C) Interspecific competition is stronger than
(C) Precocial young
intraspecific competition.
(D) Frequent extrapair matings
(D) Density dependence within each species is
(E) Infanticide by wandering male rodents
stronger than interspecific competition.
(E) No conclusion can be drawn from the
information presented.
91. Gene flow between populations results in
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
26
-3-20-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
BIOLOGY TEST
Time—170 minutes
97. Aggressive ants live in the swollen thorns of
100. The A-B-O blood group locus in humans
a small tropical tree and feed on oil-rich bodies194 Questions contains 3 alleles. In the Japanese population, the
that the tree produces at the tips of its leaflets.
frequencies of these alleles, IA, IB, and i,
Which
of
the
following
experiments
best
tests
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements beloware
is followed
by five0.28,
suggested
answers
approximately
0.17, and
0.55, or
the hypothesis
the plant
bycase
either
completions.
Selectthat
the ants
one defend
that is best
in each
and then completely
fill
in
the
corresponding
space
on is
the
respectively. If the Japanese population
killing
or chasing away leaf-feeding insects?
answer
sheet.
in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at this locus,
(A) Remove ants and measure subsequent
which of the following is closest to the expected
leaf damage.
frequency of heterozygotes at this locus in the
1. (B)
Which
of the oil-rich
following
pairsand
of molecules
2. Proteins
to be secreted move through
Remove
bodies
measure would
Japanesedestined
population?
form hydrogen
bonds?
the secretory pathway in which of the following
subsequent
ant density.
(A) 0.05
orders?
(C) Remove the thorns and measure subsequent
(B) 0.15
density of ants.
(A)
ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
(C) Smooth
0.41
(D) Remove leaf-feeding insects and measure
Golgi
cisternae
Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(D) 0.59
subsequent ant density.
cell surface
(E) 0.74
(E) Remove leaf-feeding insects and measure
(B)
Rough
ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
subsequent plant growth.
101. WhichGolgi
of thecisternae
following
a biological
attribute
Æissecretory
vesicle
Æ
that
would
most
likely
allow
a
species
to
become
98. Which of the following factors does NOT
cell surface
cosmopolitan
in distribution?
promote linkage disequilibrium?
(C)
Golgi cisternae
Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
(A) Extreme
specialization
smooth habitat
ER Æ secretory
vesicle Æ
(A) Asexual reproduction
(B) K-selected
reproductive rate
cell surface
(B) Coadapted gene complexes
(C) Golgi
Limited
dispersal
(D)
cisternae
Æabilities
ER transport vesicle Æ
(C) Epistasis
(D)
Rarity
(D) Population subdivision
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(E) Capacity
for long-distance dispersal
(E) Random mating
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
99. A species of goose nests on both cliffs and
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
beaches near the ocean. Soon after hatching,
vesicle Æ cell surface
all chicks must make their way to the ocean.
Chicks
from cliff nests must tumble down the
(A)
I only
cliff
to
get
(B) III onlyto the ocean, and many are killed by
the fall.
Which of the following is most consistent
(C)
IV only
with
the
(D) I andhypothesis
II only that cliff nesting is adaptive
in
this
goose
species?
(E) II, III, and
IV
(A) Many more geese nest on the beaches than
on the cliffs.
(B) Cliff-side nesting confers a higher fitness
than does beach nesting.
(C) Chicks from cliff nests instinctively step
off the cliffs at the appropriate time.
(D) More chicks survive the fall from the cliffs
than are killed.
(E) Closely related goose species do not exhibit
cliff nesting.
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
-3-21-
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27
BIOLOGY TEST
Time— 170 minutes
103. The concept of punctuated equilibrium refers to
102. Hybrids between some related species of plants
194 Questions
are sterile because the parent plants had different
(A) oscillating ecological successional stages
chromosome numbers. Occasionally the
(B) ecological succession arrested by sudden
chromosome
of such a or
hybrid
plant statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
Directions:
Eachnumber
of the questions
incomplete
environmental changes, e.g., fire
doubles spontaneously.
of the
completions.
Select the one Which
that is best
in following
each case and then completely
fill in thepredator-prey
corresponding
space on thein
(C) persistent
relationships
bestsheet.
describes the descendants of those plants
answer
relatively stable environments
with the double chromosome number?
(D) bursts of speciation followed by relatively
(A) The plant with the double chromosome
unchanging lineages
1. Whichnumber
of the following
of molecules
would
2. Proteins
destined
to be secreted
move
through
would be pairs
genetically
defective
and
(E) erratic
gene-frequency
changes
due
to genetic
form hydrogen
bonds?
the secretory
have no descendants.
drift pathway in which of the following
orders?
(B) The descendants would be at a selective
advantage because of the increased ability
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
to introgress.
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(C) The descendants would be reproductively
cell surface
successful because they could backcross
(B)
Rough
ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
with the parental species.
Golgi
cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(D) The descendants would be at a selective
disadvantage because they could not
cell surface
reproduce asexually.
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
(E) The descendants would regain the ability
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
to reproduce sexually because chromosomes
cell surface
could pair normally.
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
28
-3-22-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
BIOLOGY TEST
Time—170 minutes
194 Questions
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the
answer sheet.
1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would
form hydrogen bonds?
2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through
the secretory pathway in which of the following
orders?
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
104. A plant species arrives at an island for the first time, where it is exposed to a new set of pollinators. Over the
Golgi
cisternae
secretory
vesicle Æ
course of 20 generations, the characteristics of its flowers change. The
figures
aboveÆ
show
the frequency
cell1)
surface
distribution of petal length in the original colonizing population (Figure
and 20 generations later (Figure 2).
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
Which of these explanations is consistent with the observed change in petal length?
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(A) Island pollinators prefer flowers with longer petals.
cell surface
(B) Island pollinators avoid flowers with extremely long or extremely
short
petals.Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
(D) Golgi
cisternae
(C) Island pollinators avoid flowers with average petal lengths.
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(D) Island pollinators prefer flowers with shorter petals.
cell surface
(E) Island pollinators do not discriminate among flowers on the basis of petal length.
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
Æ cell
surface
105. In which of the following populations would
106. In onevesicle
taxonomic
classification,
Archaea,
the rate of evolution due to random genetic drift
Eukarya, and Bacteria represent the three major
(A)the
I only
3. Stabilization
of the
uniqueutilize
coiledthe
structure
domains of life.
Eukarya
general
be
lowest? (Assume the total number of
(B)
III
only
of
an
alpha
helix
in
a
protein
is
primarily
transcription factors TBP (TATA-binding protein)
individuals is the same across populations.)
(C) IV only
attributed
and TFIIBtoin transcription, whereas Bacteria do
(A) There
more females than males; there is
(D)
I and IIare
only
not. At
least one
member
of Archaea
has a protein
(A)
hydrogen
bonding
between
the peptide
difference
(E) II,noIII,
and IV in reproductive success within
similarbackbone
to TBP and
a
protein
similar
to
TFIIB.
atoms
each sex.
Based
on
this
observation,
which
of
the
following
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
(B) The numbers of males and females are equal;
scenarios
is
most
likely?
chains
there is no difference in reproductive
(C)
moietiesdiverged
attached after
to polar
(A) carbohydrate
Archaea and Eukarya
success within each sex.
their
amino
acids
(C) There are fewer females than males; there is
common ancestor diverged from Bacteria.
(D)
that covalently
bond amino
no difference in reproductive success within
(B) peptide
Archaealinkages
and Bacteria
diverged after
acids
each sex.
their common ancestor diverged from
(E) anEukarya.
abundance of amino acids with electrically
(D) The numbers of males and females are equal;
charged
sideEukarya
chains diverged after their
a few dominant males get most matings in
(C) Bacteria and
each generation.
common ancestor diverged from Archaea.
(E) The numbers of males and females are equal;
(D) Archaea, Eukarya, and Bacteria diverged
a few dominant females produce more
simultaneously from a common ancestor.
progeny in each generation.
(E) Archaea, Eukarya, and Bacteria each evolved
from different ancestral organisms.
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
-3-23-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
29
BIOLOGY TEST
Time—170 minutes
110. In a given population, 1 out of every 400 people
107. According to Hamilton’s rule, an altruistic trait
can evolve if c < br, where c is the fitness cost 194 Questions has a cancer caused by a completely recessive
allele, b. Assuming the population is in Hardyof the altruistic behavior to the donor, b is the
equilibrium,
which of
the following
is
fitness
benefit
to
the
recipient,
and
r
is
the
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements belowWeinberg
is followed
by five suggested
answers
or
the
expected
proportion
of
individuals
who
carry
completions.
Select of
therelatedness
one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the
(A) coefficient
the b allele but are not expected to develop the
answer
sheet.
(B) frequency of the altruistic allele
cancer?
(C) inbreeding coefficient
(A) 1/400
(D) rate of reciprocity
1. (E)
Which
of the
pairs of molecules would
2. Proteins
destined to be secreted move through
(B) 19/400
return
onfollowing
investment
form hydrogen bonds?
the
(C) secretory
20/400 pathway in which of the following
orders?
(D)
38/400
(E)
380/400
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Æoccurred
secretoryfirst
vesicle
Æ the
111. WhichGolgi
of thecisternae
following
during
cell surface
separation
of the elements of Pangaea through
(B)
Rough
ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
continental drift?
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(A) Gondwana and Laurasia were formed.
cell surface
(B) Africa separated from South America.
(C)
Golgi
cisternaewith
Æ ER
transport
vesicle Æ
(C) India collided
Eurasia
to form
smooth
ER Æ secretory
the
Himalayan
mountainvesicle
chain. Æ
cell surface
(D) Australia
separated from the rest of
(D) Golgi
cisternae Æ
ER transport vesicle Æ
the continental
landmasses.
(E) Antarctica
its current
rough ERassumed
Æ secretory
vesicleposition
Æ
at
South Pole.
cellthe
surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
112. Which of the following facts was established prior
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
to 1859, the year in which Charles Darwin
vesicle
surface
published
On Æ
thecell
Origin
of Species ?
108. In the phylogenetic tree above, the grouping that
is based on the presence of character C is
(A) monophyletic
(B) paraphyletic
(C) derived
(D) a deme
(E) convergent
(A) I only
(B) IIIis only
109. RNA
thought to have played an important role
(C)
only
in theIVevolution
of life for which of the following
(D)
I and II only
reasons?
(E) II, III, and IV
I. It occurred in great quantities on early Earth.
II. It can self-replicate via a complementary
chain.
III. It can catalyze some cellular functions.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(A) DNA provides
the macromolecular
basis
3. Stabilization
of the unique
coiled structure
of heredity.
of an alpha
helix in a protein is primarily
(B) Mendelian
principles explain why some
attributed
to
traits are dominant and others are recessive.
(A)
bonding
the domains,
peptide
(C) hydrogen
Prokaryotes
includebetween
two major
backbone
atoms
the Bacteria and the Archaea.
(B)
bridges
cysteine
side years.
(D) disulfide
The age of
Earth between
is more than
4 billion
chains
(E) There exist fossilized remains of species that
(C) carbohydrate
have becomemoieties
extinct. attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
I only
II only
III only
I and II
II and III
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30
-3-24-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
BIOLOGY TEST
Time— 170 minutes
115. Which of the following adaptations would limit
• A terminal extracellular respiratory electron
194 Questions pollination by bees and promote hummingbird
acceptor in some archaea and bacteria
pollination?
• A major component of Precambrian banded
Directions:
Each of thethat
questions
or incomplete
statements
below(A)
is followed
suggested
answers
Patternsby
of five
ultraviolet
color
on the or
petals
rock formations
are thought
to be linked
to
completions.
Select
the
one
that
is
best
in
each
case
and
then
completely
fill
in
the
corresponding
space
on the
(B) Modified petals to provide a landing
space
the rise of atmospheric oxygen
answer sheet.
(C) Pendant (hanging) red-colored flowers
• A major redox component of both chloroplast
(D) Nectar with high sugar concentration
and mitochondrial electron transport chains
produced in limited amounts
1.
Which
of
the
following
pairs
of
molecules
would
2.
Proteins
destined
be secreted
through
(E)
Upright
petalstofused
to formmove
a nectar
cup
113. Which of the following chemical elements is best
form
hydrogen
bonds?
the
secretory
pathway
in
which
of
the
following
characterized by the above set of statements?
orders?
116. In
the formation of the earliest cells, which of the
(A) Magnesium
following
components
most
likely arose
first?
(A) Smooth
ER Æ Golgi
transport
vesicle
Æ
(B) Carbon
(A)
Nucleus
Golgi
cisternae
Æ
secretory
vesicle
Æ
(C) Sulfur
(B) Plasma
membrane
cell surface
(D) Iron
(C)
Mitochondrion
(E) Phosphorus
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
(D) Flagellum
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(E) Lysosome
114. Which of the following is the best explanation
cell surface
for why net primary productivity in terrestrial
(C)
Golgi
cisternae
Æ ER
transportabout
vesicle Æ
117. Which of the
following
statements
ecosystems tends to increase toward the tropics?
smooth
ER isÆtrue?
secretory vesicle Æ
excretory
organs
(A) The higher species diversity in the tropics
cell surface
(A) The kidneys of saltwater fishes produce urine
tends to increase plant growth.
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
hyperosmotic to their tissues.
(B) There are lower metabolic costs to plant
rough
ER Æ
vesicle Æ
(B)
The
kidneys
ofsecretory
desert mammals
produce
growth in the tropics.
cell
surface
urine
that
is
hypoosmotic
to
the
urine of
(C) The availability of water and warm
(E) Rough
ER Æfishes.
smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
freshwater
temperatures in the tropics fosters
vesicle Æ Golgi
Æ secretory
(C) Malpighian
tubulescisternae
allow insects
to excrete
photosynthesis.
waste
through
the
exoskeleton.
vesicle Æ cell surface
(D) The tropics have more predators that
(D) Juxtamedullary nephrons in the mammalian
minimize herbivory.
(A)
I only
kidney of
allow
organism
produce
3. Stabilization
the the
unique
coiledto
structure
(E) The
tropics have a greater availability of
(B) IIInewly
only weathered inorganic nutrients.
hyperosmotic
of an alpha
helix in aurine.
protein is primarily
(C) IV only
(E) Metanephridia
are excretory organs that
attributed
to
(D) I and II only
allow planaria to filter coelomic fluid.
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
(E) II, III, and IV
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
-3-25-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
31
BIOLOGY TEST
Time— 170 minutes
Directions: Each group of questions below consists of five lettered headings followed by a list of numbered words,
194 Questions
phrases, or sentences. For each numbered word, phrase
or sentence, select the one heading that is most closely
related to it and fill in completely the corresponding space on the answer sheet. One heading may be used once,
more
than once,
orof
nottheatquestions
all in eachorgroup.
Directions:
Each
incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the
answer sheet.
Questions 118-119 refer to the following amounts
Questions 123-125 refer to the following
of DNA found in human cell types. The amounts
components of the lac operon in bacteria.
are
indicated
relative
to
the
amount
of
DNA
(X)
1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would
2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through
(A)
cAMP–CAP
complex
found
in hydrogen
mature neurons
form
bonds? that are in the G0 stage of
the secretory
pathway
in which of the following
(B)
Operator
orders?
the cell cycle.
(C) Promoter
(A) lac
Smooth
Z ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
(D)
(A) 4X
(E)
lac
I cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
Golgi
(B) 2X
cell surface
(C) 1.5X
(B)
Rough
Æ Golgi
transport vesicle Æ
(D) 1X
repressor
protein
123. Is bound by ER
(E) 0.5X
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
124. Contains binding site for RNA polymerase
118. Amount of DNA found in a mature spermatozoan
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
119. Amount of DNA in a skin cell in G2 of the cell
125. Encodes
cellrepressor
surface protein
cycle
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell
surface
Questions 120-122 refer to the following.
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
(A) Peptide hormone
(B) Prohormone
vesicle Æ cell surface
(C) Phospholipase C
(A) Steroid
I only hormone
(D)
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
(B)
III
only G protein
(E) Active
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
(C) IV only
attributed to
(D) relatively
I and II only
little biological activity
120. Has
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
(E) II, III, and IV
backbone atoms
121. Binds to adenylate cyclase
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
122. Readily traverses cell membranes
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
32
-3-26-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
BIOLOGY TEST
Time— 170 minutes
194 Questions
Questions 126-129 refer to the following graph.
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the
answer sheet.
1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would
form hydrogen bonds?
126.
127.
128.
129.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through
the secretory pathway in which of the following
orders?
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(C)
Golgi
cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
Rate of population growth is highest.
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
Per capita growth rate is highest.
cell surface
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
Both population and per capita growth ratesrough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
are positive but decelerating.
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
Population size is nearest to carrying capacity.
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
-3-27-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
33
BIOLOGY TEST
Time— 170 minutes
Questions 133-136 refer to the following functions.
194 Questions
(A) Actin
(A) Respiration
(B)
Tubulin
Support by five suggested answers or
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below(B)
is followed
(C)
Calmodulin
(C)
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completelyLocomotion
fill in the corresponding space on the
(D) sheet.
Fibronectin
(D) Feeding
answer
(E) Troponin
(E) Excretion
Questions 130-132 refer to the following.
and
130.
protein
that bindswould
1. Bipolar-filament-forming
Which of the following pairs
of molecules
hydrolyzes
GTP
form hydrogen bonds?
133.
molluscs
2. Radula
Proteinsofdestined
to be secreted move through
the secretory pathway in which of the following
orders? of sponges
134. Spicules
131. Major cytoskeletal protein in microvilli, filopodia,
contractile rings, and growth cones
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
of cnidarians
135. Nematocysts
Golgi cisternae
Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(B)
Rough
Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
136. Tracheae ofER
insects
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
132. Calcium-binding switch protein in vertebrate
skeletal muscle fibers
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
34
-3-28-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
BIOLOGY TEST
Questions 137-140 refer to the following.
Time— 170 minutes
Questions 141-143 refer to the following diagram
194 Questions
of a replication fork.
(A) Biome
(B) Community
Directions:
Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
(C) Ecosystem
completions.
Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the
(D) sheet.
Metapopulation
answer
(E) Population
potentially
individuals
137.
groupofofthe
1. A
Which
followinginterbreeding
pairs of molecules
would
present
at
the
same
location
form hydrogen bonds?
2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through
the secretory pathway in which of the following
orders?
138. A group of potentially interacting species present
at the same location
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
141. Location
RNA primer
cellof
surface
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
142. Location
of DNA
rough
ER Æpolymerase
secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
143. Location of DNA with a free 3¢ OH
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
139. A large geographical area characterized by its
dominant form of vegetation
140. All organisms and their nonliving environment
present at the same location
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
-3-29-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
35
BIOLOGY TEST
Time— 170 minutes
Directions: Each group of questions below concerns a laboratory or an experimental situation. In each case, first
194one
Questions
study the description of the situation. Then choose the
best answer to each question and fill in completely the
corresponding space on the answer sheet.
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the
Questions
144-147
answer sheet.
TATA-binding protein (TBP) is a key transcription factor in eukaryotes. A schematic representation of the
240-amino
acid
of yeast
is shown
in Figure
1 below, with the
positionsdestined
of two mutations
indicated.
boxed
1. Which of
theTBP
following
pairs
of molecules
would
2. Proteins
to be secreted
move The
through
areaform
represents
the
evolutionarily
conserved
C-terminal
domain
of
TBP,
and
the
shaded
(dark)
regions
of
this
hydrogen bonds?
the secretory pathway in which of the following
domain represent two repeated elements involved in DNA binding.orders?
One mutation (P65S) changes proline 65 to
serine, and the other (I143N) changes isoleucine 143 to asparagine.
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
Figure 2 below represents autoradiographs of gels containing RNA transcripts produced in extracts of wild-type
(C)
Golgi
Æmutant,
ER transport
vesicle
or mutant cells. Lanes 1–2 are from wild-type yeast (WT), lanes 3–4 are fromcisternae
the I143N
and lanes
5–6 Æ
are
smooth
ER Æby
secretory
vesicle Æ I (Pol I).
from the P65S mutant, as indicated. Figure 2A shows transcripts of a gene
transcribed
RNA polymerase
Figure 2B shows transcripts of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase IIcell
(Polsurface
II). Figure 2C shows transcripts of a
(D)
Golgi
cisternae
Æ ER transport
Æ 2,
gene transcribed by RNA polymerase III (Pol III). Lanes 1, 3, and 5 show transcripts produced
at 24∞C,vesicle
and lanes
rough
ER Æofsecretory
Æ
4, and 6 show transcripts produced at 37∞C. Shading of the bands represents
signals
different vesicle
intensity.
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
36
-3-30-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
BIOLOGY TEST
Time— 170 minutes
146. The 5S rRNA gene is transcribed by RNA
144. As a control, wild-type TBP was added to mutant
extracts prior to transcription analysis. It was 194 Questions polymerase III. If transcription of 5S rRNA is
observed that wild-type TBP could restore
assayed as above, more 5S rRNA transcription
transcription
by
all
three
RNA
polymerases
in
be found
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements belowwould
is followed
by five suggested answers or
mutant
extracts.
The
controls
were
performed
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely
fill
in
the
corresponding
onthan
the
(A) in extracts from
the I143Nspace
mutant
in order
answer
sheet.to check
in extracts from wild-type
o
o
(B) at 37 C than at 24 C in I143N mutant extracts
(A) whether mutant transcription phenotypes
o
o
(C) at 37 C than at 24 C in P65S mutant extracts
are due to perturbation of TBP function
1. (B)
Which
the following
ofinmolecules
2. Proteins
destined
to beand
secreted
move
through
(D) in both
wild-type
mutant
extracts,
forof
equivalent
RNApairs
levels
all lanes would
formthe
hydrogen
the secretory
which of the
following
relativepathway
to a pol Iintranscribed
gene
(C)
specificbonds?
activity of RNA polymerase
orders?
(E) in extracts from the P65S mutant than
(D) for differential TBP activity in promoters
in extracts
from
the I143N
mutant
of different genes
(A) Smooth
ER Æ
Golgi
transport
vesicle Æ
(E) whether mutant transcription phenotypes
Golgi
cisternae
Æ
secretory
vesicle
147. Which of the following conclusions about Æ
TBP
are temperature sensitive
surface with the data?
is mostcell
consistent
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
145. Which of the following conclusions about
(A) TBP binds exclusively to the TATA box
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
mutations in TBP is most consistent with
of eukaryotic promoters.
the data?
cell surface
(B) TBP is important in regulating transcription
(C) Golgi
Æ ER
transport vesicle Æ
fromcisternae
pol II genes
exclusively.
(A) The I143N mutation affects transcription
smooth
ER Æ
vesicle
(C) DNA
binding
is secretory
essential for
TBPÆ
function.
of pol II genes in a temperature-sensitive
cell issurface
(D) TBP
required for transcription of genes
manner.
(D) Golgi
cisternae
transport
transcribed
by Æ
polER
I, pol
II, andvesicle
pol III.Æ
(B) The P65S mutation affects transcription of
(E) The
pol II genes in a temperature-sensitive
action
is temperature
rough
ER of
Æwild-type
secretory TBP
vesicle
Æ
manner.
sensitive.
cell
surface
(C) The P65S mutation affects transcription of
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
pol I genes in a temperature-sensitive
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
manner.
vesicle Æ cell surface
(D) Transcription of pol I, pol II, and pol III
(A)
(E)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I genes
only is equally sensitive to TBP mutations.
TBP
function is noticeably resistant
III only
to
mutation.
IV only
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
I and II only
II, III, and IV
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
-3-31-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
37
Questions 148-151
BIOLOGY TEST
Time— 170 minutes
Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is used to label cells194
in the
S phase of the cell cycle. Lobsters were exposed to BrdU
Questions
during six 4-hour periods during the 24-hour day. The number of labeled neurons in the brain was counted for each
4-hour labeling period, and the means of these counts were plotted as histograms relative to time of day for animals
Directions:onEach
of the questions
incomplete
is followed
by fivelight/dark
suggestedcycle
answers
or 2:
maintained
the normal
light/darkorcycle
(Figurestatements
1: Normal below
LD) and
on the reversed
(Figure
completions.
Select
the
one
that
is
best
in
each
case
and
then
completely
fill
in
the
corresponding
space
on
Reversed LD). The shaded bars indicate the sampling period at dawn and dusk, which also are shown in thethe
table
answer The
sheet.
below.
horizontal bar at the top of the graph indicates illumination conditions (white = light; black = dark;
arrows = subjective dusk). The dawn/dusk data for LD and DD (dark/dark conditions) are summarized in Table 1
below.
1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would
2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through
form hydrogen bonds?
the secretory pathway in which of the following
orders?
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
38
-3-32-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
BIOLOGY TEST
Time— 170 minutes
150. Which of the following is best supported by
148. The graphs of mean counts of BrdU-labeled
neurons proliferating at different times of day 194 Questions the data when lobsters are exposed to a normal
LD cycle followed by constant darkness for
in the lobster brain demonstrate that
days (normal
?
Directions:
Eachproliferate
of the questions
or incomplete
statements belowthree
is followed
by fiveDD)
suggested
answers or
(A) neurons
at the same
rate
completions.
Select
the
one
that
is
best
in
each
case
and
then
completely
fill
in
the
corresponding
space on the
(A) Neuronal proliferation stops.
throughout a 24-hour period
answer
sheet.
(B) Neuronal proliferation increases.
(B) the greatest number of neurons proliferate
(C) Neuronal proliferation is greater at the time
at 16:30-19:30 clock hour
of subjective dusk.
(C) the greatest number of neurons proliferate
1. Whichatof4:30-7:30
the following
pairs
of
molecules
would
2.
Proteins
destined
to be secreted
moveduring
through
(D)
Neuronal
proliferation
is greater
the
clock hour
form hydrogen bonds?
the secretory
pathway in which
of the following
middle-of-the-night
period.
(D) the greatest number of neurons proliferate
orders?
(E)
Neuronal proliferation is the same throughout
at subjective dusk
the period
darkness.
(E) the greatest number of neurons proliferate
(A) Smooth
ER of
Æ constant
Golgi transport
vesicle Æ
at subjective dawn
Golgi
cisternae
Æ
secretory
vesicle
Æ
151. These experiments demonstrate that neurogenesis
surface
in the cell
lobster
brain is controlled by
149. The graphs demonstrate that the proliferation
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
of new neurons is entrained by
(A) the time of day
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(B) diurnal hormonal variations
(A) the clock hour
cell surface
(C) seasonal factors, such as photoperiod
(B) when the animals feed
(C) Golgi
cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
and temperature
(C) the light/dark cycle
smooth
ERand
Æ secretory
(D) BrdU,
light,
the clock vesicle
hour Æ
(D) temperature
cell
surface clock that is entrained
(E)
an
endogenous
(E) the relative amount of BrdU available
(D) Golgi
cisternae
Æ cycle
ER transport vesicle Æ
by the
light/dark
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
-3-33-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
39
BIOLOGY TEST
Questions 152-155
Time— 170 minutes
194 Questions
Plant species S is pollinated primarily by hummingbirds, whereas bees are the main pollinators of closely related
species T. A study was performed to identify which floral traits influence visitation by the two pollinators. Several
Directions:
Each ofofthe
questions
or incomplete
statements
below is followed
byplanted
five suggested
answers
or
hundred F2 hybrids
species
S and
T were produced
in a greenhouse
and then
into a suitable
habitat
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the
frequented
by both hummingbirds and bees. For each individual F2 plant, the investigators measured pollinator
answer sheet.
visitation rates as a function of carotenoid pigment concentration in the petals (Figure 1) and nectar volume per
flower (Figure 2). In addition the investigators identified each plant’s genotype at the car genetic locus, which
1. Which pigmentation.
of the following
pairs
molecules
to be
3
influences
The
car of
genetic
locuswould
has three alleles,2.c1Proteins
, as shown
insecreted
Figure 3.move through
, c2 and cdestined
form hydrogen bonds?
the secretory pathway in which of the following
orders?
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
40
-3-34-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
BIOLOGY TEST
Time— 170 minutes
152. Which of the following statements agrees with the
154. If plant fitness increases linearly with pollinator
194 Questions visitation rate and the two animal species are
data shown in Figures 1 and 2 ?
equally effective pollinators, which genotype
(A) Both bee and hummingbird visitation rates
at the car locus would be expected to be most
Directions:
of thecorrelated
questions with
or incomplete
areEach
positively
carotenoidstatements below is followed by five suggested answers or
common
species T ? space on the
completions.
Select the one that is best in each case and then completely
fillin
inplant
the corresponding
concentration.
answer
(B) sheet.
Both bee and hummingbird visitation rates
(A) c1c1
are negatively correlated with carotenoid
(B) c2c2
concentration.
(C) c3c3
1. Which
of the following
pairsrate
of molecules
would
2. Proteins
destined to be secreted move through
(C) Only
bee visitation
is positively
(D) secretory
c1c2
form hydrogen
the
pathway in which of the following
correlatedbonds?
with carotenoid concentration.
(E) c2c3
orders?
(D) Both bee and hummingbird visitation rates
are positively correlated with nectar
(A) isolated
Smoothpopulation
ER Æ Golgi
transportbetween
vesicle Æ
155. An
of hybrids
volume.
speciesGolgi
S and
T is discovered
in an
area where
cisternae
Æ
secretory
vesicle
Æ
(E) Only the hummingbird visitation rate is
hummingbirds
have
recently
gone
extinct
but
bees
cell surface
positively correlated with nectar volume.
remain.
Assuming
these
conditions
persist,
which
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
of the Golgi
following
evolutionary
changes
is most
cisternae
Æ secretory
vesicle
Æ
153. Which statement accurately describes the
likely to occur during the next few hundred
dominance relationship between one pair
cell surface
generations?
of alleles at the car locus with respect to
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
carotenoid concentration?
(A) Average
will
increase.
smooth nectar
ER Æ volume
secretory
vesicle
Æ
(B)
Average
carotenoid
concentration
will
1
2
cell
surface
(A) Allele c is dominant to allele c .
increase.
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
(C) Average carotenoid concentration will
1
2
(B) Alleles c and c exhibit incomplete
rough
ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
decrease.
dominance.
cell surface
(D) Allele c1 will increase in frequency.
(E) Rough ER
Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
(C) Alleles c1 and c3 exhibit incomplete
(E) Allele c3 will decrease in frequency.
vesicle
Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
dominance.
vesicle Æ cell surface
(D) Alleles c2 and c3 exhibit incomplete
(A)
(B)
(E)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I dominance.
only
III
onlyc3 is dominant to allele c2.
Allele
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
-3-35-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
41
BIOLOGY TEST
Questions 156-159
Time— 170 minutes
156. What concentration of pig insulin produced a
194 Questions half-maximal effect on glucose oxidation?
A comparative study of insulins from a bird
(A) 0.1 ng � mL-1
(turkey), twoEach
mammals
and guinea
pig), and statements
a
Directions:
of the(pig
questions
or incomplete
below is followed by five
suggested answers or
(B) 0.5 ng � mL-1
completions.
Select
the
one
that
is
best
in
each
case
and
then
completely
fill
in
the
corresponding
space on the
fish (bonito) was undertaken to assess the relative
(C) 1 ng � mL-1
answer
sheet.
biological activity of the hormone. The hormone’s
(D) 10 ng � mL-1
ability to stimulate glucose oxidation (and hence,
(E) The value cannot be determined from the
uptake
and
metabolism)
was
assayed
in
isolated
data.
1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would
2. Proteins
destined to be secreted move through
formfrom
hydrogen
bonds? populations of fat cells
the secretory pathway in which of the following
fat cells
rats. Identical
157. The
four insulins differ in their ability to stimulate
orders?
were suspended in media containing radioactive
glucose oxidation. In spite of this difference, the
(A) Smooth
ERbeÆequally
Golgi transport
vesicle
Æ
glucose (14C-glucose) and different concentrations
hormones
may
effective in
the species
Golgi
cisternae
Æ
secretory
vesicle
Æ
from which they were obtained. Which of the
of each insulin. Their production of radioactive
cell surface
following
best tests this hypothesis?
14
carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) was then measured for a
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
(A) Repetition of the experiment to check its
fixed period of time and the data were expressed
Golgi
cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
validity
as percentages of the maximum value observed
cell
surface
(B) An
assay
of the biological activities of all
for pig insulin. The percentages are plotted in the
(C) Golgi
cisternaeon
Æfat
ERcells
transport
vesicle
four insulins
isolated
from Æ
the
smooth
ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
four species
figure below as a function of the log of the insulin
(C) Dosage-response
measurements of the four
cell surface
concentration. The resulting plot for each hormone is
insulins
on rat Æ
cells
such other
insulin(D)
Golgi
cisternae
ERfrom
transport
vesicle
Æ
called a dosage-response curve.
sensitive
tissues
as
liver
and
muscle
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(D) Determination
cell surface of the binding affinities of the
four insulins to plasma membranes isolated
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
from rat fat cells
vesicle
Æ Golgi cisternae
Æ secretory
(E) Direct
comparison
of the DNA
sequences of
vesicle
Æ cellcloned
surfacefrom the four species
insulin genes
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
42
-3-36-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
BIOLOGY TEST
Time— 170 minutes
158. In this study, the dosage-response curve of turkey
159. Above 5 ng � mL-1, pig insulin exerted no further
insulin lies to the left of those generated by the 194 Questions effect on glucose oxidation. Which of the
other vertebrate insulins. An identical result was
following best explains this result?
obtained Each
for turkey
in several
other statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
Directions:
of theinsulin
questions
or incomplete
-1
above 5 ng
� mL
(A) Levels
are
comparative
assays
of biological
activity.
completions.
Select
the one
that is best
in eachWhich
case and then completely
fill inof
theinsulin
corresponding
space
on the
toxic
to
rat
fat
cells.
of
the
following
provides
the
best
explanation
for
answer sheet.
(B) Such levels exceed the pig’s capacity to
the relative position of the dosage-response curve
synthesize and secrete insulin.
of turkey insulin?
(C)
At
level all
insulin
receptors
rat fat
1. Which
of the metabolize
following pairs
of molecules
would
2. Proteinsthis
destined
to be
secreted
movein
through
(A) Turkeys
glucose
less rapidly
than
cells arepathway
bound tointhe
hormone.
form hydrogen
bonds?
the secretory
which
of the following
do other vertebrates.
(D)
Above
this
level
insulin
degrades itself in
orders?
(B) Differences in the base sequence of the turkey
an autocatalytic manner.
insulin gene increase the hormone’s ability
(A)
Smooth
ER Æ
Golgi
transport to
vesicle
Æin
fat cells
show
no response
insulin
(E) Rat
to bind to insulin receptors at lower
-1
Golgi
cisternae
Æ
secretory
vesicle
Æ
concentrations
greater
than
5
ng
�
mL
.
concentrations.
cell surface
(C) Turkey insulin stimulates gene activity more
(B)
Rough
ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
effectively than does that from other species.
Golgi
cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(D) Nonavian vertebrates metabolize glucose less
rapidly than do turkeys.
cell surface
(E) Turkeys have higher levels of insulin
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
circulating in their blood than do other
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
vertebrates.
cell surface
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
-3-37-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
43
BIOLOGY TEST
Questions 160-162 refer to the following
experiment.
Time— 170 minutes
160. At which of the following water temperatures is the
194 Questions resting metabolism of the fish maximal?
(A) 0°C
The graph Each
belowofshows
the metabolic
rate of a statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
Directions:
the questions
or incomplete
(B) 10°C
small
fish over
a wide
of water
completions.
Select
therange
one that
is besttemperatures
in each case and then completely
fill in the corresponding space on the
(C) 20°C
while
fish is swimming at maximal sustainable
answerthe
sheet.
(D) 30°C
speed (curve A) and while at rest (curve B).
(E) 40°C
1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would
form hydrogen bonds?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through
161. Endurance
is pathway
often related
to theofamount
by which
the secretory
in which
the following
metabolic
rate
can
be
elevated.
On
the
basis
of this
orders?
assumption, at what temperature would the fish be
(A)
Smooth
ER Æ
transport
vesicle Æ
expected
to have
theGolgi
greatest
endurance?
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(A) 5°C
cell surface
(B) 15°C
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
(C) 25°C
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(D) 30°C
cell surface
(E) 35°C
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
162. The Qsmooth
10 for resting metabolism between 10°C
cell surface
and 20°C is
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
(A) 2.0
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(B) 3.0
cell surface
(C) Rough
less thanER
forÆactive
metabolism
between
10°C
(E)
smooth
ER Æ Golgi
transport
and
20°C
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
(D) the same as for active metabolism between
vesicle Æ cell surface
10°C and 20°C
(E) the same as for resting metabolism between
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
30°C and 35°C
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
44
-3-38-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
BIOLOGY TEST
Questions 163-166
Time—170 minutes
194 Questions
Biologists performed an experiment with flies to examine the effects of population size on the maintenance of
genetic variation and on egg-to-adult survival. From a large source population, they randomly assigned eggs to three
experimental
populations
of size N,orequal
to 20, 60,
and 100.below
For later
generations,
theysuggested
collectedanswers
N eggs from
Directions: Each
of the questions
incomplete
statements
is followed
by five
or each
population
and
moved
intoisidentical
vials case
that contained
fresh medium.
counted the number
completions.
Select
thethem
one that
best in each
and then completely
fill inThey
the corresponding
space of
onadult
the flies
that
emerged
answer
sheet. and used tissue samples from the adults for genetic analyses. Genetic variation was measured by
scoring alleles at several polymorphic loci and expressed as the average number of alleles at those loci. The results
are summarized in Figure 1 and Figure 2 below.
1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would
2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through
form hydrogen bonds?
the secretory pathway in which of the following
orders?
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
165. The numbers of adult flies that emerged from the
3. Stabilization
of theinunique
structure
three populations
the firstcoiled
generation
are closest
of
an
alpha
helix
in
a
protein
is
primarily
to which of the following?
attributed to
N = 100
N = 60
N = 20
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
(A) backbone
35
13
atoms 33
(B)
35
55
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine 20
side
(C) chains
35
60
50
(D) carbohydrate
65
55 attached to polar
35
(C)
moieties
(E) amino
100 acids
60
20
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
166. Whichacids
other process appears to have substantially
influenced
the outcome
of this
experiment?
(E)
an abundance
of amino
acids
with electrically
charged
side
chains
(A) Density-dependent survival
(B) Frequency-dependent fecundity
(C) Niche partitioning
(D) Spatial heterogeneity
(E) Temporal variability
163. Based
on Figure 1, which of the following best
(A) I only
describes
the change in genetic variation over
(B) III only
time?
(C) IV only
(D)
(A)
(E)
(B)
I and
II onlyin all three populations.
It
increased
II,
III,
and IV
It was unchanged
in the largest population
and increased in the two smaller
populations.
(C) It was unchanged in all three populations.
(D) It was unchanged in the two larger
populations and declined in the smallest
population.
(E) It declined in all three populations.
164. Which process best explains the dynamics of
genetic variation observed in this experiment?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Genetic drift
Linkage disequilibrium
Mutation
Segregation distortion
Selection
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-3-39-
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45
Questions 167-170
BIOLOGY TEST
Time—170 minutes
Two action potentials are portrayed in the figure below. The solid line is an intracellular recording from a motor
194 Questions
neuron (neuron A) in the spinal cord of a frog. The broken line is a recording from a sensory neuron (neuron B)
in the same animal.
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the
answer sheet.
1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would
form hydrogen bonds?
2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through
the secretory pathway in which of the following
orders?
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
169. The change in polarization of neuron B between
vesicle Æ cell surface
time = 0 and time = 1 is due to which of the
following?
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
(A)anOnly
channels
are open.
of
alphapotassium
helix in aleak
protein
is primarily
(B) Only sodium
channels are closed.
attributed
to
(C) Sodium channels and potassium leak
(A) hydrogen
channelsbonding
are open.between the peptide
backbone
atoms
(D) The sodium-potassium
pump is activated.
(B)
disulfide
bridges
cysteine
side to
(E) Calcium channelsbetween
are closed
in addition
chains
the few sodium channels that are already
(C) carbohydrate
moieties attached to polar
closed.
amino acids
(D) peptide
that
covalently
amino
170. Which
of thelinkages
following
best
describesbond
the ionic
acids
currents at the peak (see arrow) of the action
(E)
an abundance
amino acids with electrically
potential
for neuronofB?
charged side chains
(A) The outward sodium current is greater
than the inward potassium current.
(B) The outward potassium current is equal
to the inward sodium current.
(C) The inward chloride current is equal to
the inward sodium current.
(D) The outward calcium current is greater
than the inward sodium current.
(E) The inward sodium current is equal
to the outward chloride current.
167. At time = 0, relative to neuron A, neuron B is
(A) hypopolarized
(A) depolarized
I only
(B)
(B)
III only
(C) hyperpolarized
(C)
IV only
(D) nonpolarized
(D)
I and II only
(E) polarizing
(E) II, III, and IV
168. At time = 0, which of the following exerts
the predominant influence on the membrane
potential?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
46
The chloride leakage current
The free diffusion of sodium
The potassium rectifier current
The potassium leakage current
The lack of ion movement
-3-40-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
BIOLOGY TEST
Questions 171-173
Time—170 minutes
194 Questions
Cardiac output, the volume of blood pumped per minute by the heart, is the product of stroke volume (SV) and
heart rate (HR); that is, CO = SV ¥ HR.
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
Heart
rate canSelect
be measured
andincardiac
output
obtained
by thefill
Fick
method
using the equation
completions.
the one directly,
that is best
each case
andisthen
completely
in the
corresponding
space on the
-1
CO
= Qsheet.
/(A-V), where Q = the oxygen consumed (mL � min ) and A-V = the difference in oxygen content
answer
between arterial blood and venous blood. Given values for HR and CO, stroke volume is subsequently calculated.
The
following
data
were collected
and during
exercise.
1. Which
of the
following
pairs ofbefore
molecules
wouldvigorous human
2. Proteins
destined to be secreted move through
form hydrogen bonds?
the secretory pathway in which of the following
orders?
Parameter
At Rest
During Exercise
-1
(A) Smooth
ER� Æ
transport vesicle Æ
1500 mL
minGolgi
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
150surface
mL O2 per liter of blood
50 mL O2 per liter of blood cell
A-V difference
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi
transport vesicle Æ
Heart rate (HR)
60 beats � min-1
120 beats � min-1
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
173. Based on the data, it can be concluded that
171. Based on the data, during exercise cardiac output
smooth
ER Æ
secretory
Æ is
increased by a factor of approximately
increased
cardiac
output
duringvesicle
exercise
cell
surface
primarily a function of an increase in which
(A) 1.5
(D)
cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
of theGolgi
following?
(B) 2
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(C) 3
I. Heart rate
cell
surface
(D) 6
II. Stroke
volume
(E)
ER Æ
smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
(E) 10
III. Rough
Peripheral
resistance
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
(A) I only
172. Based on the data, which of the following best
vesicle Æ cell surface
(B) II only
describes how stroke volume changes during
(C) I and III only
(A)
I only
exercise?
3. Stabilization
the unique coiled structure
(D) II and IIIofonly
(B) III only
of
an
alpha
helix
(A) It
by a factor of 4.
(E) I, II, and III in a protein is primarily
(C)
IVdecreases
only
attributed
to
(B) It
decreases
(D)
I and
II onlyby a factor of 2.
(C) It
by a factor of 2.
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
(E)
II,increases
III, and IV
(D) It increases by a factor of 4.
backbone atoms
(E) It remains unchanged.
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
Oxygen consumption (Q)
250 mL � min -1
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-3-41-
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47
BIOLOGY TEST
Questions 174-176
Time—170 minutes
194 Questions
The figure below represents a temporal plot of recorded breeding activities of both allopatric and sympatric
populations of three related species of Rana (leopard frog). Rana males attract females by vocalizing. The
key quantifiesEach
numbers
observedorbreeding
records
for eachbelow
population.
Directions:
of theofquestions
incomplete
statements
is followed by five suggested answers or
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the
answer sheet.
1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would
form hydrogen bonds?
2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through
the secretory pathway in which of the following
orders?
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
48
-3-42-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
BIOLOGY TEST
Time—170 minutes
175. Based on the data, which of the following
174. Which of the following is correct based on the
194 Questions inferences is most likely correct?
data?
(A) Interspecific hybrids are fertile only
(A) Sympatric populations of R. berlandieri have
Directions:
Each oftheir
the questions
or incomplete
statements below is followed
suggested answers or
in areasbyoffive
sympatry.
expanded
breeding seasons
compared
completions.
Select
the
one
that
is
best
in
each
case
and
then
completely
fill
in
the
corresponding
space
on the
(B) The mating calls of the three
species
with allopatric populations.
answer
sheet.
are very similar.
(B) Sympatric populations of R. sphenocephala
(C) The sympatric populations of the three
have expanded their breeding seasons
species are more morphologically
compared with allopatric populations.
1. (C)
Which
of the following
pairsofofallmolecules
would
2. Proteins
destinedthan
to be
move
through
divergent
thesecreted
allopatric
populations.
Sympatric
populations
three species
form hydrogen
bonds?
the
pathway
in which of the three
following
(D) secretory
The sympatric
populations
have reduced
the overlap of their breeding
orders?
species are more genetically divergent
seasons compared with allopatric
than theER
allopatric
populations.
(A) Smooth
Æ Golgipopulations.
transport vesicle Æ
(E) The allopatric populations of Rana are
(D) Allopatric populations of all three species
Golgi
cisternae
Æ
secretory
vesicle Æ
parthenogenetic.
have largely nonoverlapping breeding
cell surface
seasons.
(B)
Rough
ER Æthat
Golgi
transport
vesicle
176. The data suggest
when
the three
RanaÆ
species
(E) The breeding seasons of allopatric and
Golgi
cisternae
Æ
secretory
vesicle
occur sympatrically they exhibit which of Æ
the
sympatric populations of all three species
following?
are similar.
cell surface
(C)
Golgi
cisternae
Æ ER transport
(A) Prezygotic
reproductive
isolationvesicle Æ
smooth ER incompatibility
Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(B) Cytogenetic
cell surfaceevolution
(C) Convergent
(D) Golgi
cisternae
Æ ER transport
vesicle Æ
Postzygotic
reproductive
isolation
(E) Sympatric
rough ERhybridization
Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
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-3-43-
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49
BIOLOGY TEST
Questions 177-179
Time—170 minutes
194 Questions
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the
answer sheet.
1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would
form hydrogen bonds?
2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through
the secretory pathway in which of the following
orders?
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
The graph above represents the relationship among serum concentrations
of human
immunodeficiency
rough
ER Æ secretory
vesicle Æ virus
(HIV) RNA, anti-HIV antibody, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells over a 10-year
cell period
surfacefollowing infection of an
individual by the virus, with resulting disease.
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
179. Whichvesicle
of the Æ
following
is the best explanation for
177. What is the primary explanation for the drop in
cell surface
the gradual rise in HIV concentration after year 1
HIV concentration during the 6- to 12-week
of infection?
period
following infection?
(A)
I only
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
(B)
III
only
(A)anThe
host’s
organs
have been
(A) The virus undergoes rapid mutation.
of
alpha
helixlymphoid
in a protein
is primarily
(C)
IV only
destroyed
by HIV.
(B) The
immune system eliminates most
attributed
to
(D) I of
andthe
II virus.
only
(B) HIV is released from lymphocytes, and
(A) hydrogen
bonding between the peptide
(E)
II,
III,
and
(C) The rate ofIV
viral replication accelerates.
CD4+ T cells
decrease in number.
backbone
atoms
(D) Cells encapsulate the viruses, thus protecting
Anti-HIV
antibodies
no longer
recognize
(C)
(B) disulfide bridges between
cysteine
side
them from the immune system.
the
virus.
chains
(E) The viruses enter cells and therefore are not
(D) carbohydrate
HIV has infected
brainattached
cells. to polar
(C)
moieties
+
measurable.
size
of
the
CD8
(E) The
T
cell population is
amino acids
decreasing.
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
178. Based on the data, during which time period
acids
is an individual infectious?
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
(A) Only during the initial increase in HIV
charged side chains
concentration
(B) Only when the concentration of CD8+ T cells
is in decline
(C) Only when the concentration of anti-HIV
antibody peaks
(D) Starting at year 1 after infection
(E) Throughout the entire period of infection
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
50
-3-44-
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
BIOLOGY TEST
Time—170 minutes
180. If the thyroid gland were removed from the
194 Questions tadpoles in Group 3, metamorphosis would
The following experiment is designed to study the
(A) occur at 10 days
role
of several
hormones
in the regulation
of
Directions:
Each
of the questions
or incomplete
statements below(B)
is followed
occur at by
15 five
dayssuggested answers or
metamorphosis
in frogs.
completions. Select
the one that is best in each case and then completely
fill
in
the
corresponding
space on the
(C) occur at 30 days
answer sheet.
(D) occur immediately
Days to
(E) not occur over the course of the experiment
Group #
Treatment
Metamorphosis
1. 1Which Saline
of the following pairs of molecules30would
2. These
Proteins
destined
to bewhich
secreted
move
through
181.
results
suggest
of the
following
2form hydrogen
Prolactinbonds?
> 100
the
secretory
pathway
in which
of the following
about
prolactin
at the dose
tested?
3
TSH
15
orders?
(A) It promotes metamorphosis.
4
Thyroxine
10
(A)
ERthe
Æaction
Golgi of
transport
vesicle
Æ
(B) Smooth
It opposes
the thyroid
gland.
5
Corticosterone
30
(C)
It
has
the
opposite
effect
from
that
Golgi
cisternae
Æ
secretory
vesicle
Æ
6
Thyroxine +
5
of corticosterone.
cell
surface
Corticosterone
(D)
It
can reverse
effects
of thyroid
removal
(B) Rough
ER Æ the
Golgi
transport
vesicle
Æ
7
Prolactin + TSH
30
in
Group
8.
8
Thyroid gland removed
> 100
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(E) It can completely block the action of
cell surface
thyroxine and TSH.
Groups consisting of 10 frog tadpoles (all in the
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
same developmental stage) were injected with one
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
of several solutions or else had their thyroid glands
cell surface
removed (treatments) and the time until final tail
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
reabsorption was measured. The experiment was
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
terminated at 100 days. The hormones used were
cell
surface
from one of three glands: the pituitary gland
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
(prolactin and TSH— thyroid stimulating hormone),
the thyroid gland (thyroxine), or the adrenal glands
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
(corticosterone). The only known endogenous action
vesicle Æ cell surface
of TSH is to stimulate thyroid gland secretions.
(A) I only
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
(B) III only
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
(C) IV only
attributed to
(D) I and II only
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
(E) II, III, and IV
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
Questions 180-181
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-3-45-
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51
BIOLOGY TEST
Time—170 minutes
194 Questions
Questions 182-185
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
The MacArthur-Wilson
island
predicts
of species
found
on
completions.
Select the oneequilibrium
that is best model
in eachofcase
andbiogeography
then completely
fill inthe
thenumber
corresponding
space
on the
islands.
The
figure
below
depicts
two
volcanic
islands
located
off
a
section
of
mainland
coast.
answer sheet.
1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would
form hydrogen bonds?
2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through
the secretory pathway in which of the following
orders?
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
52
-3-46-
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BIOLOGY TEST
Time—170 minutes
182. The MacArthur-Wilson model predicts that the
184. According to the MacArthur-Wilson model, the
194 Questions number of bird species present on Island 2 at any
relative numbers of bird species on the mainland
one time is a function of the relative rates of
and two islands would be
Directions:
Each of
the questions
or incomplete
statements below(A)
is followed
by and
fiveextinction
suggested answers or
speciation
(A) Mainland
> Island
1 = Island
2
completions.
Select
the
one
that
is
best
in
each
case
and
then
completely
fill
in
the
corresponding
space on the
(B) immigration and local extinction
(B) Mainland > Island 1 > Island 2
answer
sheet.
(C) competition and predation
(C) Mainland > Island 2 > Island 1
(D) island growth and shrinkage
(D) Mainland = Island 1 = Island 2
(E) stability and disturbance
(E) Island 2 > Island 1 > Mainland
1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would
2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through
form hydrogen
thea secretory
pathway
in Island
which 1oftothe
following
185. If
drop in sea
level led
double
183. According
to thebonds?
MacArthur-Wilson model, how
orders?
in area, the MacArthur-Wilson model predicts
would the number of bird species change from the
that the
number
species
found
there Æ
would
time of an island’s formation (assuming it remains
(A)
Smooth
ER of
Æbird
Golgi
transport
vesicle
constant in size and isolation) ?
(A) remain
Golgi unchanged
cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(B) experience
an initial sharp increase, then
(A)
cell surface
decrease
and
equilibrate
at the
previous
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi
transport
vesicle
Æ
number of species
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(C) experience an initial sharp decrease, then
cell surface
increase and equilibrate at the previous
(C) Golgi
cisternae
Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
number
of species
smoothand
ER equilibrate
Æ secretoryatvesicle
(D) increase
a new, Æ
higher
cell
surface
number
of
species
(B)
(D)
cisternae
Æ ER transport
vesicle
(E) Golgi
decrease
and equilibrate
at a new,
lowerÆ
numberER
ofÆ
species
rough
secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
(C)
(A) I only
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
(B) III only
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
(C) IV only
attributed to
(D) I and II only
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
(E) II, III, and IV
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
(D)
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
(E)
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-3-47-
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53
BIOLOGY TEST
Questions 186-188 refer to the following pedigree
for the inheritance
of a very rare human disease over three
Time—170
minutes
generations.
194 Questions
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the
answer sheet.
1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would
form hydrogen bonds?
2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through
the secretory pathway in which of the following
orders?
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
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54
-3-48-
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BIOLOGY TEST
Time—170 minutes
186. Which of the following is the most likely mode
188. If individuals III-3 and III-6 were to produce a
194 Questions son, what is the probability that the son would
of inheritance for the disease trait?
be affected with the disease?
(A) Cytoplasmic
Directions:
Eachrecessive
of the questions or incomplete statements below(A)
is followed
(B) X-linked
1.00 by five suggested answers or
completions.
Select
the
one
that
is
best
in
each
case
and
then
completely
fill in the corresponding space on the
(C) Y-linked dominant
(B) 0.75
answer
sheet.
(D) Autosomal dominant
(C) 0.50
(E) Genetic imprinting
(D) 0.25
(E) 0.00
1. If
Which
of theIII-3
following
pairs
ofamolecules
2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through
187.
individual
were to
have
daughter, would
what is
formprobability
hydrogen that
bonds?
the secretory pathway in which of the following
the
the daughter would receive
orders?
the disease trait from her mother (III-3) ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
1.00
0.50
0.33
0.25
0.00
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
-3-49-
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55
BIOLOGY TEST
Questions 189-191
Time—170 minutes
194 Questions
According to the ABC model of flower development in Arabidopsis, three classes of organ identity genes—
designated A, B, and C— are required to specify the identity of floral organs in each whorl of a flower. As shown
in the figure below,
of A
genes alone
in thebelow
first (outermost)
specifies
sepals;
expression
of
Directions:
Each ofexpression
the questions
or class
incomplete
statements
is followedwhorl
by five
suggested
answers
or
A
and B class
genesthe
inone
the that
second
whorl
specifies
expression
of fill
B and
C corresponding
class genes in space
the third
completions.
Select
is best
in each
case petals;
and then
completely
in the
on whorl
the
specifies
stamens; and expression of C class genes alone specifies carpels.
answer sheet.
A and C class genes restrict each other’s expression. Null mutations in A class genes lead to expression of C
class
genesof
in the
all four
whorls,
whereas
null C class
in expression
genesmove
in allthrough
whorls.
1. Which
following
pairs
of molecules
wouldmutations result
2. Proteins
destinedoftoAbeclass
secreted
form hydrogen bonds?
the secretory pathway in which of the following
orders?
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
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56
-3-50-
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BIOLOGY TEST
Time—170 minutes
189. If wild type Arabidopsis were transformed with
190. An Arabidopsis line that produced flowers
194 Questions with carpel identity in all four whorls would
a chimeric gene composed of a C class promoter
fused to a B class coding sequence, which of the
most likely have mutation(s) in
following
arrangements
(outer
to
inner)
would
be
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below(A)
is followed
fiveonly
suggested answers or
A class by
genes
predicted?Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the
completions.
(B) B class genes only
answer
(A) sheet.
Se Pe St St
(C) C class genes only
(B) Se Pe Ca Ca
(D) A and B class genes
(C) Pe Pe St Ca
(E) A and C class genes
1. (D)
Which
following pairs of molecules would
2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through
Se of
Sethe
St Ca
formSe
hydrogen
the secretory
whichwhich
of theoffollowing
(E)
Pe Pe Cabonds?
191. According
to pathway
the ABCin
model,
the
orders?
following arrangements of floral organs
(fromSmooth
outermost
to innermost
whorl)vesicle
wouldÆ
be
(A)
ER Æ
Golgi transport
predicted for a null mutation in a B class gene?
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(A) Secell
Pesurface
St Ca
(B)
Se
Se
(B) RoughCa
ERCa
Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
(C) Pe Pe St St
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(D) Se Pe Pe Se
cell surface
(E) St St Ca Ca
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
-3-51-
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57
BIOLOGY TEST
Questions 192-194
Time—170 minutes
194 Questions
The following figure is a model of seedling establishment as a function of distance from a parent tree. Initial seed
density measures the number of seeds falling to the ground. Seed survivorship measures the proportion of seeds that
survive
to theEach
adultofstage
at each distance.
Directions:
the questions
or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the
answer sheet.
1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would
form hydrogen bonds?
2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through
the secretory pathway in which of the following
orders?
(A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
(B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
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58
-3-52-
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BIOLOGY TEST
192. This model predicts that recruitment of new
individuals into the population should be
Time—170 minutes
194. Which of the following factors is most likely
194 Questions to generate the seed survivorship curve shown?
(A) Seed predation is lowest far from the
(A) highest directly under the parent tree
Directions:
Each
questions distance
or incomplete
five suggested answers or
parent by
tree.
(B) highest
at of
an the
intermediate
from statements below is followed
completions.
Select
the
one
that
is
best
in
each
case
and
then
completely
fill
in
the
corresponding
space on theseed
(B) The best microhabitat
for mutualistic
the parent tree
answer
sheet.
dispersers is directly under the parent tree.
(C) highest far from the parent tree
(C) The best microhabitat for seedling growth
(D) high directly under the parent tree and far
is directly under the parent tree.
from it, but low at intermediate distances
1. Whichfrom
of the
2. Proteins
destined
to be the
secreted
move
through
(D) Many
seeds reach
locations
where
it following pairs of molecules would
formindependent
hydrogen bonds?
the secretory
pathway
of the
following
they would
have in
thewhich
highest
probability
(E)
of the distance from
orders?
of surviving to adulthood.
the parent tree
(E)
Seedling
competition
is most intense
(A) Smooth ER
Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ
at intermediate distances from the
193. Which of the following factors is most likely
Golgi
cisternae
Æ
secretory
vesicle
Æ
parent tree.
to generate the seed density curve shown?
cell surface
(A) There are no effective seed dispersers
(B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ
of this tree species.
Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(B) Most seeds fall directly under the parent
cell surface
tree, but some are dispersed away from it.
(C)
Golgi
cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
(C) The seeds are randomly dispersed by wind.
smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
(D) Seed predation is lowest under the parent
cell surface
tree.
(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ
(E) The microhabitat is most favorable directly
under the parent tree.
rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ
cell surface
(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport
vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory
vesicle Æ cell surface
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
IV only
I and II only
II, III, and IV
3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure
of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily
attributed to
(A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide
backbone atoms
If you finish before time is called, you may (B)
check
your bridges
work on
this test.
disulfide
between
cysteine side
chains
(C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar
amino acids
(D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino
acids
(E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically
charged side chains
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
-3-53-
59
I
NOTE: To ensure prompt processing of test results, it is important that you fill in the blanks exactly as directed.
SUBJECT TEST
A. Print and sign
your full name
in this box:
PRINT: ___________________________________________________________________
(LAST)
(FIRST)
(MIDDLE)
SIGN: ____________________________________________________________________
6. TITLE CODE
Copy this code in box 6 on
your answer sheet. Then
fill in the corresponding
ovals exactly as shown.
2 4 2 3 6
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
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2
2
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9
Copy the Test Name and Form Code in box 7 on your answer
sheet.
Biology
TEST NAME ___________________________________
GR1724
FORM CODE ____________________________________
GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATIONS SUBJECT TEST
B. The Subject Tests are intended to measure your achievement in a specialized field of study. Most of the questions are
concerned with subject matter that is probably familiar to you, but some of the questions may refer to areas that you
have not studied.
Your score will be determined by the number of questions you answer correctly. Questions you answer incorrectly or
for which you mark no answer or more than one answer are counted as incorrect. Nothing is subtracted from a score
if you answer a question incorrectly. Therefore, to maximize your score, it is better for you to guess at an answer than
not to respond at all.
You are advised to use your time effectively and to work as rapidly as you can without losing accuracy. Do not spend
too much time on questions that are too difficult for you. Go on to the other questions and come back to the difficult
ones later if you can.
YOU MUST INDICATE ALL YOUR ANSWERS ON THE SEPARATE ANSWER SHEET. No credit will be given
for anything written in this examination book, but you may write in the book as much as you wish to work out your
answers. After you have decided on your response to a question, fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet.
BE SURE THAT EACH MARK IS DARK AND COMPLETELY FILLS THE OVAL. Mark only one answer to each
question. No credit will be given for multiple answers. Erase all stray marks. If you change an answer, be sure that all
previous marks are erased completely. Incomplete erasures may be read as intended answers. Do not be concerned that
the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are questions in the test.
Sample Answer
Example:
What city is the capital of France?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Rome
Paris
London
Cairo
Oslo
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
CORRECT ANSWER
PROPERLY MARKED
IMPROPER MARKS
DO NOT OPEN YOUR TEST BOOK UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
®
60
Educational Testing Service
Princeton, New Jersey 08541
Worksheet for the GRE Biology Test, Form GR1724
Answer Key and Percentages* of Test Takers Answering Each Question Correctly
QUESTION
Number
Answer
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
E
B
A
D
E
A
D
D
D
D
D
A
B
D
A
A
C
B
C
C
E
B
C
D
A
B
C
A
C
D
B
C
C
E
B
D
D
B
D
C
C
C
C
B
C
C
B
B
D
B
B
C
E
C
D
A
C
E
D
B
A
B
D
C
B
P+
CORRECT
RESPONSE
60
62
80
70
78
94
20
55
88
91
11
52
76
54
39
91
56
86
35
35
68
42
66
65
77
79
66
66
50
56
54
49
41
18
78
68
61
54
75
50
66
53
77
68
93
54
38
26
71
57
26
86
66
76
46
45
54
23
41
80
58
60
42
74
45
QUESTION
CONTENT
1
2
3
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Number
Answer
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
C
D
D
C
B
C
B
D
D
D
A
A
D
B
B
E
E
B
A
C
B
E
E
D
D
A
E
B
B
C
D
A
E
B
D
E
E
D
B
B
A
A
B
E
D
A
E
D
C
C
B
D
E
B
B
E
D
B
C
E
C
A
D
E
B
P+
CORRECT
RESPONSE
19
52
57
47
76
19
33
66
74
80
69
46
55
71
85
67
34
32
91
94
87
81
89
89
49
45
45
86
90
98
49
94
37
61
31
55
57
63
86
55
87
60
67
55
43
60
65
33
77
41
78
25
66
71
59
56
68
50
76
43
89
12
82
95
38
QUESTION
CONTENT
1
2
3
Number
Answer
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
A
E
D
B
D
A
E
B
A
C
A
B
B
A
C
E
D
D
C
C
E
E
B
C
C
B
B
B
C
D
C
C
D
A
A
A
C
D
C
B
B
E
A
C
B
A
B
E
B
E
B
B
E
B
D
D
B
B
A
D
B
B
B
A
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
P+
60
68
48
46
50
86
88
88
84
82
65
67
32
55
80
74
57
81
89
61
82
95
76
74
84
74
79
43
70
96
56
47
91
64
64
60
59
36
55
45
74
68
63
85
35
59
49
73
69
71
58
75
73
61
72
64
72
43
33
40
60
32
76
65
CORRECT
RESPONSE
CONTENT
1
2
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Total Correct: __________, Scaled Score: _________
Subscore 1 (Cellular and Molecular Biology):
Questions Correct in Content Area 1: ______________ , Scaled Subscore: 1: ______________
Subscore 2 (Organismal Biology):
Questions Correct in Content Area 2: ______________ , Scaled Subscore: 2: ______________
Subscore 3 (Ecology and Evolution):
Questions Correct in Content Area 3: ______________ , Scaled Subscore: 3: ______________
* The numbers in the P+ column indicate the percentages of test takers in the United States who answer each question correctly.
GRE® Biology Test Practice Book
3
•
•
61 Page
Score Conversions for the GRE Biology Test, Form GR1724
Total Score
Subscores
Total
Correct
Scaled
Score
Total
Correct
Scaled
Score
179-194
177-178
175-176
173-174
171-172
990
980
970
960
950
95-96
93-94
91-92
89-90
87-88
590
580
570
560
550
169-170
167-168
165-166
162-164
160-161
940
930
920
910
900
84-86
82-83
80-81
78-79
76-77
540
530
520
510
500
158-159
156-157
154-155
152-153
150-151
890
880
870
860
850
74-75
72-73
70-71
68-69
65-67
490
480
470
460
450
148-149
146-147
143-145
141-142
139-140
840
830
820
810
800
63-64
61-62
59-60
57-58
55-56
440
430
420
410
400
137-138
135-136
133-134
131-132
129-130
790
780
770
760
750
53-54
51-52
49-50
47-48
45-46
390
380
370
360
350
127-128
125-126
122-124
120-121
118-119
740
730
720
710
700
42-44
40-41
38-39
36-37
34-35
340
330
320
310
300
116-117
114-115
112-113
110-111
108-109
690
680
670
660
650
32-33
30-31
28-29
26-27
24-25
290
280
270
260
250
106-107
103-105
101-102
99-100
97-98
640
630
620
610
600
22-23
19-21
17-18
15-16
0-14
240
230
220
210
200
62 Page
Subscore
1
2
3
62-65
61
60-65
59
58
57
64
63
60
59
58
57
56
55
62
56
55
54
53
54
53
52
52
51
50
51
49
50
49
48
48
47
46
47
45
46
45
44
44
43
43
42
41
40
42
41
40
39
39
38
37
38
37
36
35
36
35
34
34
33
32
31
30
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
33
32
31
30
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
Scaled
Subscore
Subscore
1
2
29
29
28
27
99
98
97
96
95
28
27
26
94
93
92
91
90
25
24
23
22
21
89
88
87
86
85
20
19
18
17
84
83
82
81
80
16
15
14
79
78
77
76
75
12
11
10
9
8
74
73
72
71
70
7
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
13
3
34
33
32
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
54
53
52
51
50
27
26
25
49
48
47
46
45
24
17
16
23
22
15
14
21
20
11
10
9
8
6
5
4
7
6
3
2
5
4
1
0
3
2
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
11
10
9
29
28
27
26
25
8
7
6
0-5
24
23
22
21
20
1
0
59
58
57
56
55
31
30
29
28
19
18
13
12
Scaled
Subscore
GRE® Biology Test Practice Book
Q
O
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Z
–
–
Y
X
W
V
U
T
S
R
Q
P
O
N
M
L
K
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
Z
Y
X
W
V
U
T
S
R
Q
P
O
N
M
L
K
J
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
–
Z
Y
X
W
V
U
T
S
R
Q
P
O
N
M
L
K
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
63 Page
SIGNATURE:
–
Z
Y
X
W
V
U
T
S
R
Q
P
O
N
M
L
K
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
–
Z
Y
X
W
V
U
T
S
R
Q
P
O
N
M
L
K
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
–
Z
Y
X
W
V
U
T
S
R
Q
P
O
N
M
L
K
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
–
Z
Y
X
W
V
U
T
S
R
Q
P
O
N
M
L
K
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
–
Z
Y
X
W
V
U
T
S
R
Q
P
O
N
M
L
K
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
–
Z
Y
X
W
V
U
T
S
R
Q
P
O
N
M
L
K
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
–
Z
Y
X
W
V
U
T
S
R
Q
P
O
N
M
L
K
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
Z
Y
X
W
V
U
T
S
R
Q
P
O
N
M
L
K
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
P
N
N
O
M
M
P
L
O
K
L
H
H
K
G
G
I
F
F
J
E
E
I
D
D
J
B
C
C
A
B
A
Center Number
Room Number
State or Province
ZIP or Postal Code
Country
City
State or Province
P.O. Box or Street Address
City
Country
CENTER:
(Print)
–
Z
Y
X
W
V
U
T
S
R
Q
P
O
N
M
L
K
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
First
Name Middle
Initial Initial
Last Name (Family or Surname)First Name (Given)M.I.
–
Z
Y
X
W
V
U
T
S
R
Q
P
O
N
M
L
K
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
MAILING ADDRESS:
(Print)
2.
YOUR NAME:
Q
Q
P
N
N
O
M
M
P
L
O
K
L
H
H
K
I
G
G
I
F
F
J
E
E
I
D
D
J
H
C
C
B
B
B
A
A
A
Last Name only (Family Name or Surname) - First 15 Letters
Omit spaces, apostrophes, Jr., II., etc.
Use only a pencil with soft, black lead (No. 2 or HB) to complete this answer sheet.
Be sure to fill in completely the space that corresponds to your answer choice.
Completely erase any errors or stray marks.
B
B
A
A
B
A
B
B
A
A
B
B
B
A
A
A
B
B
A
A
B
B
A
B
B
A
A
A
B
B
A
A
B
B
A
A
B
B
B
A
A
B
A
A
B
A
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
2
April
7
8
9
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Aug.
July
June
3
1
Mar.
May
0
Day
Feb.
Jan.
Month
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Year
3. DATE OF BIRTH
22
23
18
19
20
21
14
15
16
17
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
(U.S.A. only)
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
4. LAST FOUR DIGITS OF
SOCIAL SECURITY
NUMBER
44
45
46
40
41
42
43
36
37
38
39
34
35
32
33
30
31
28
29
24
25
26
27
68
69
64
65
66
67
61
62
63
56
57
58
59
60
54
55
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
5. REGISTRATION
NUMBER
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
89
90
91
92
85
86
87
88
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
(from your admission ticket)
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
112
113
114
115
108
109
110
111
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
(on back cover of
your test book)
6. TITLE CODE
1234
SIDE 1
SHADED AREA FOR ETS USE ONLY
8. TEST BOOK SERIAL NUMBER
(number in upper right corner of front cover of
your test book)
your test book)
FORM CODE (on back cover of
7. TEST NAME (on back cover of
your test book)
Item responses continued on reverse side.
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
YOU MAY FIND MORE RESPONSE SPACES THAN YOU NEED. IF SO, PLEASE LEAVE THEM BLANK.
A
- SUBJECT TEST
BE SURE EACH MARK IS DARK AND COMPLETELY FILLS THE INTENDED SPACE AS ILLUSTRATED HERE:.
DO NOT USE INK
GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATIONS ® -
763338
Enter your last name, first name initial (given name), and
1. NAME middle initial if you have one.
Q3442/1-2/289176-02954 • TF212E70
Copyright ® 2012 by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541
All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
®
GRE® Biology Test Practice Book
SIDE 2
CERTIFICATION STATEMENT
Please write the following statement below, DO NOT PRINT.
“I certify that I am the person whose name appears on this answer sheet. I also
agree not to disclose the contents of the test I am taking today to anyone.”
Sign and date where indicated.
SUBJECT TEST
COMPLETE THE
CERTIFICATION STATEMENT,
THEN TURN ANSWER SHEET
OVER TO SIDE 1.
SIGNATURE:
DATE:
C
D
E
C
D
E
142
143
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
C
D
E
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
144
145
146
A
B
C
D
147
A
B
C
D
TR
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
E
205
206
A
B
C
D
E
207
A
B
C
D
208
209
A
B
C
A
B
C
210
211
A
B
A
B
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
174
175
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
B
C
D
E
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
E
A
B
C
D
E
E
179
A
B
C
D
E
B
C
D
E
B
C
D
E
TFS
FOR ETS USE ONLY
64 Page
A
A
A
176
177
178
A
A
TW
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
TCS
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
E
237
238
A
B
C
D
E
E
239
A
B
C
D
E
D
E
B
C
D
E
E
240
241
A
D
A
B
C
D
E
C
D
E
242
A
B
C
D
E
C
D
E
1R
1W
1FS
1CS
2R
2W
2FS
2CS
3R
3W
3FS
3CS
4R
4W
4FS
4CS
5R
5W
5FS
5CS
6R
6W
6FS
6CS
B. Sign your full name here:
B
B
B
B
Year
A. Fill in both circles here . . .
A
A
A
A
Day
To cancel your scores from this test administration, you must:
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
.
IF YOU DO NOT WANT THIS ANSWER SHEET TO BE SCORED
BE SURE EACH MARK IS DARK AND COMPLETELY FILLS THE INTENDED SPACE AS ILLUSTRATED HERE:
YOU MAY FIND MORE RESPONSE SPACES THAN YOU NEED. IF SO, PLEASE LEAVE THEM BLANK.
If you want to cancel your scores from this test administration, complete A and B below. You will not receive scores for this test. No
record of this test or the cancellation will be sent to the recipients you indicated, and there will be no scores for this test on your GRE file.
Month
GRE® Biology Test Practice Book
120765-007629 • UNLWEB617 • 7699