Population
By Amani Nyonyoozi Tumusiime
What is population
Population refers to the number of people living in an area.
As economists, this matters to us because people are the ones
depleting the earth’s scarce resources.
Population growth is the rate of change of size in a country’s
population.
A change in the size of a countries population can have various
effects on the economy
Key words
Birth rate
This is the number babies born
per thousand and is proportional
to population growth.
Death rate
This is the number of deaths per
thousand and is inversely
proportional to population
growth.
Net migration rate
Immigration occurs when people
enter a country to live and to work
while emigration occurs when people
leave a country for the same
reasons. The net migration rate is
the difference between these.
Why do different countries have
different population growth
rates?
Death rate and Birth rate
Net migration
Living standards
Contraception
Customs and religion
Changes in female employment
Effects of
changing
population size
Demand and supply of labour
and structure
Consumer demand
Customers have different demands based on their age, gender, religion, ethnic group
and family size.
Rapid population growth should increase the future supply of labour and low
population growth reduces the available workers.
Tax revenue changes
High population growth leads to more taxes for the government and low growth leads
to less taxes
Scarcity of resources
High population leads to more scarcity of resources and low population leads to
underutilization of resources
Solutions to
high
population
growth rate
Support Education for Women and
Girls
Support Initiatives that Provide
Education and Access to Family
Planning
Invest in and Support Responsible
and Innovative Agriculture
Improvement of healthcare and
nutrition
Setting up pension and sickness
insurance schemes will reduce the
need for family support.
Increasing mobility of labour
Do you have
any questions?
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