An Adopted Module in
Household Resource Management
JAMES BRYAN B. MINA, MSE
How to Use of this Module?
This module deals with the understanding of the roles of teacher as a person and as a
professional within the context of national and global teachers’ standards, educational philosophies
and legal bases. It includes knowledge of core values that uphold the dignity of the teaching
profession, discussion of the code of ethics for professional teachers, and awareness and
understanding of existing laws and jurisprudence governing professional rights privileges and
responsibilities, and teachers’ roles in the society as transformative agents of change.
It is composed of unit of competency that is divided into topics scheduled in a weekly basis.
Each topic bears a competency-based intended learning activities, assessment and assignment to
be accomplished on the specified duration. The following graphics are used to represent each part
of the module, to wit:
This picture represents the lecture in the module. This part of the module should be read thoroughly
for understanding and comprehension of the topics presented.
This picture shows the Intended Learning activities that should be done by the students in a given
time frame. It represents the competencies needed to hone in the presented lectures. It is also
designed to hone the skills expected to achieved by the students.
This picture will remind you of the assessment task to accomplished before the end of this module.
This will be used to gauge your understanding on the concepts presented in the lectures. It will
also evaluate your skills acquisition on the expected competencies of the topics presented.
As shown in the graphics, this is your assignment. It is in a form of further enhancing your
understanding or an activity to keep you ready to the next topics.
How to submit outputs:
1. Send to my email at beckybrillantesmina@gmail.com please use the
Subject: THE 167 (specify the week number and the activity name)
2. Saved in a CD to be submitted personally in a given schedule.
3. Printed materials to be submitted personally in a given schedule.
Unit 1: OVERVIEW OF HOUSEHOLD RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
WEEK 1: VERVIEW OF HOUSEHOLD RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
Intended Learning Outcomes
1. OVERVIEW OF HOME MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES
A. What is Household Resource Management?
Household Resource Management uses the household as an entry point to understand and
address rural development challenges. External factors such as policies and epidemics affect
various types of households, socio-economic groups and household members in different ways.
What is a household?
- A group of people, each with different abilities and needs, who live together most of the
time and contribute to a common economy, and share the food and other income derived from the
common economic activities.
- Household is a basic unit for socio-cultural and economic analysis
Note: There is difference between a family and a household.
What is Household Economy?
Household Economy is the sum of ways in which a household acquires its income, its
savings and asset holdings, and by which it meets its food and non-food needs. Note: Try to list
different types of economic activities which a typical household in your community undertake
What is a Resource
- An economic or productive factor required to accomplish an activity or as means to
undertake an enterprise and achieve desired outcome.
- Three most basic resources are land, labor and capital; other resources include energy,
entrepreneurship, information, expertise, management and time.
What are the Basic Household resources?
- human (physical labour, skills, knowledge, educational attainment)
- material (land, capital, technology, money), and
- time
Note: 1. Information and Time are important resources but most people are not very conscious
of this.
2. Capital include; Economic/Finacial, human and social capital
Access, control and ownership (of resources)?
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Access to something means having the possibility to use it, e.g. a resource such as land
or production equipment. It does not necessarily imply control or ownership of this
resource.
Control. When someone has control of something it means that he/she decides how it can
be used and by whom – it does not necessarily imply ownership
Ownership can be joint (e.g. by more than one household or community member) or it can
be individual (e.g. by one person). Ownership will determine control and access to a large
degree.
Division of labor: It refers to who does what, when, how, for how long, etc., and can be
disaggregated by gender, age and other socio-economic variables. Work is usually
divided among households or household members.
Household head is the man or woman recognized as such by other household
members. This person makes the decisions and has the primary responsibility for managing
household matters.
Gender refers to the social, economic and cultural roles and relations between women
and men, and takes into account the different responsibilities of women and men in a given
culture or location and in different population groups (children, aged people, ethnic groups
etc.)
Gender analysis is a tool that tries to answer fundamental questions such as who does or
uses what, why, and how. It also involves looking at the division of labor in and among
households, examines the access and control that men and women have regarding
resources, and analyse benefits obtained by the households members .
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Gender roles are the socially, culturally and politically defined roles and
responsibilities to which women and men conform. Gender roles are dynamic and can vary
among different societies and cultures, classes and ages, and over time.
Gender roles are divided into productive, reproductive and community roles.
Productive roles refer to work carried out by men and women for payment in cash or kind.
Reproductive roles involve childbearing, childrearing responsibilities and domestic tasks,
some of which are biologically determined (i.e. only women can breastfeed) while others
are gender-related (e.g. in some households, men do most of the cooking, in others women
do).
Community roles are those activities that contribute to the welfare and organization of the
community, such as maintenance of common areas.
Gender -blind. Gender-blind describes extension or development activities that assume
results will automatically be equally beneficial to both men and women; it also refers to a
lack of recognition or understanding of gender as an essential variable that shapes
livelihoods
A gender-sensitive approach emphasizes that the capacities and vulnerabilities of both
women and men should be identified and considered – neither should be dealt with in
isolation from the other.
A stakeholder is any individual or group with a direct or indirect interest in the
outcome of a development intervention, or anyone who is affected by or who affects this
intervention.
Household resource management uses the household as an entry-point to understand
and address rural development challenges. It focuses on management systems within
households, and include analysis of decision-making, resource allocation, household
consumption and time management in the context of food security and economic
development.
Household resource management was also describe as “the process of making decisions
about how to maximize the use of resources, such as land, water, labor, capital, purchased
inputs, inputs produced on-farm, cash, agricultural credit and agricultural extension”.
Characteristics of Resources
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Resources are useful
Resources are limited in supply
Resources are inter-related
Resources have alternate uses
Resources can be substituted
Therefore, all resources (both human and non-human, tangible or intangible) have these
characteristics in similar. Thus we should; 1. Create and cultivate them to enhance their
availability and 2. Conserve them as they are limited in supply
Ways of maximizing benefits from the use of resources
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Identify all the available resources.
Make use of only the right amount of resources.
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Substitute the less expensive resources for the more expensive ones.
Develop the habits that can enhance the use of resources.
Cultivate practices to increase the availability of resources.
Learn to share resources so that you do not deprive others of their use.
Do not waste resources.
Reduce, Re-use, and Re-cycle the resources to maximize utility from their use (the 3-R’s).
Management is simply defined as the process of using what you have ( in the best way) to
achieve what you want.
Management helps you to:
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reach your goals,
achieve what you want,
utilize your resources properly,
make your life more systematic,
avoid wastage of resources,
increase efficiency in work situations,
achieve a better standard of life.
Steps in the Management Process
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Planning
Organising
Controlling
Evaluating
In working towards your goal;
- First you have to think about what to do and how it is to be done, that is, you do the
planning.
-Then you assemble the resources and assign the responsibilities. In other words, you
are organizing.
- After that you perform the actual task (i.e. putting your plans to action) and
controlling your activities so that it is according to your plans.
- Once the task is over, you check to see whether everything went according to
your plan or not. In other words, you are evaluating.
Planning involves;
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Listing activities
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Sequencing activities, and
Providing flexibility for any adjustments
During planning think about the following;
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What is to be done?
Who will do the work?
How will it be done?
When will it be done?
What resources will be used?
Organizing means assembling resources and fixing responsibilities to carry out a plan.
But, while assigning tasks to other people, we must make sure that they have the time
and ability to do that work and are willing to do the same.
Organizing ensures that:
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all the planned work gets done,
there is proper distribution of work,
work gets finished on time,
time, energy, and other important resources are saved, and
your planning is successful.
Note: What will happen if you refuse to organise your work? Can you
think of what would happen if you assigned tasks to people who are not willing or able
to do them?
Controlling is also known as putting a plan into action. Controlling means carrying out the
activities as planned and organized earlier.
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As the plan is being carried out, you also have to check the progress of your plan. When
you do this, you may sometimes find a changed situation which calls for a fresh decision.
You make adjustments as the plan is being carried out or implemented. You change or
control your activities so that your plan is not a failure. This is also called flexibility.
Evaluating. Evaluating means checking the progress of your plan and taking corrective
measures if needed.
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Thus evaluation helps you to understand your weaknesses and mistakes so that it is checked
and will not be repeated in future. This is also called looking back or “feedback”.
Evaluation is done at each stage of management i.e. planning, organizing, and controlling.
You have to evaluate at every stage so that you do not regret in the end.
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Evaluation at each stage help you to bring a change in your planning and/or organizing and
controlling so as to improve end results and complete the process smoothly and
successfully or learn to do a better job in future.
Motivating Factors in Management
There are three motivating factors in mgt;
1. Goals. Goals are the aims or objectives that we want to achieve and work for. Goals grows
out of our values, desires and needs
2. Values. A value is a moral principle and/or belief that a person holds about some
aspect of life. E.g. honesty, punctuality, kindness, sincerity, health, good habits, happiness,
etc. all these may be valued.
3. Standards. Standard is an accepted level of quality. Hence it is a measure of values that
compel individuals to perform actions that will give the desired satisfaction.
Read on the following topics:
Management in Family Living:
Concepts of Family Resources Management:
Family: Functions and Life Cycles:
Nature and Role of Home Management:
Manager and Management by Families:
Motivations for Management:
Values in Management:
Goals in Management:
Attributes of Standards and Standard of Living by Family:
Factors Influencing Standards and Interrelatedness of Values, Goals and Standards:
Factors Influencing Resource Use and Conservation:
The Management Process in Family Living-Planning:
The Management Process in Family Living-Organizing:
The Management Process in Family Living-Implementing and Controlling:
The Management Process in Family Living-Evaluating:
Management of Money:
Family Income Management:
Budgeting:
Management Process Applied to Budgeting:
Importance of Budgeting:
Assessment:
1. Categorize the Following Resources into Human and Non-Human; Time, Money, Land,
Fertilizer, Seeds, House, Community-Warehouse, Skills and Energy.
2. List the three ‘Rs’ that you should adopt to get maximum utility from the use of
resources?
References:
Abba Aminu (PhD)
Professor of Agricultural Economics
Department of Agric. Economics and Extension.,
Faculty of Agriculture
Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
Course: Management of Family Resources
Encoursesonline.iasri.res.in/course/view.php?id=218