Industrial Resource
Recovery
Gas Mixture Allocations Presentation
Introduction
This presentation is mainly focus on the following aspects as outline below:
 Gas Mixture Allocations
 Environmental and economic benefits
 Impacts of utilizing:
treatment efficiency
energy savings
net energy yield
 Understanding of the scientific and technical principles of these processes
Gas Mixture Process in terms of treatment efficiency
Components
Environment benefits
Economic benefits
CH4
Provide more heat and
light energy
Reduced average costs
or $520.00
N2
Helps plants
Produce more fertilizer
in the market
CO
Enhance carbon sinks
Lower mitigation costs)
NH3
Contained of nitrogen
for plants
Fertilizer production
CO2
Green plant
improvement
Increase economic
growth by 2.181%
H2S
Replace fossil fuels
create jobs and
economic benefits
Net energy
gain
60% energy
efficiency
Mixed-matrix membranes (MMM)
Technologies used to treat the gas
mixture
Purification level required
MMM: Achieved
99.999%
High-quality
Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs): purification implementations
with distinctive characteristics that combine underlying polymer and
inorganic filler features (SJOHOLM et al., 2001).
Gas Purification Requirements
 The rate of permeation for every component should be
ascertained by the following:
product's features
 membrane's features
partial pressure difference of the gasses component all over
the membrane.
Advantages of MMMs
 Flexibility and multifunctionality
 Enhancement of CO2 separation
 Overcome the “trade-off” concerns
Disadvantages of MMMs
 Decrease in Permeability
 Increasing the particle loading
 Formation of voids
Process Execution
Gas treating
Fertilization
production
Fractional
Distillation
Streaming
reforming
Process of gas treating chart
Gas mixture Components
Components
Contents
H2
60 vol%
CH4
27 vol%
CO
8 vol%
CO2
2 vol%
N2
3 vol%
H2S
800 ppm
CO2 separation
 CO2 removal from natural gas
MOF structure promote CO2 absorption
 Post-combustion CO2
Separation of CO2 from coal- red power plant
presents
ue gas
Hydrogen separation
 Hydrogen product will exit the membrane system, hydroxyl
groups present on the particle
 surface display better interaction with polar gases such as
CO2 and SO2.
 CH4/H2 reverse selectivity slightly decreased.
Gas mixtures
Component
Content
Advantages
H2
60 vol%
Powerful and Energy Efficient
Hydrogen Extraction & Regulatory
Issues
N2
3 vol%
Production of fertilizers
Inflation is the cost
CH4
27 vol%
cleaner alternative to oil
potent greenhouse gas
CO
8 vol%
Enhance carbon sinks
Extremely Flammable
NH3
800 ppm Fertilizer production
Disadvantages
Flammable
Continue….
Convert/Recover
Convert/Recovery
method
Recovery/Convert order
H2
Recover
Pressure Cycling process
5
N2
Recover
Pressure Cycling process
5
Component
CH4
Convert to CO and H2
Steam Reforming
2
CO
Convert to CO2 and H2 Steam Reforming
2
NH3
Convert to N2 and H2
decomposed
4
Industrial Gas Recovery
Components
H2
CO2
CH4
N2
Percentage
30%
60%
2%
12%
CO
1%
BTX
100ppm
Properties
Colorless, Odorless
non-flammable and toxic gas
Extremely flammable
Colorless gas
Extremely flammable
Having combined with benzene,
toluene and xylene
Density
0.08988 g L-1
1.977g/ml
4-15% in air
1.251 g/L
12-75 vol% in
air
Industrial Resource Recovery
Components
Contents
H2
60 vol%
CH4
27 vol%
CO
8 vol%
CO2
2 vol%
N2
3 vol%
H2S
800 ppm
 Gases can be recovered via membrane or compressed gases methods.
 H2: used in industrial processes and in vehicle and electricity
generation.
 CH4: used as a fuel for heat and light and in the process of producing
organic chemical.
 CO2: used in industry to generate inert gas for welding and fire
extinguishers.
 NH3 - It is used as a fertilizer in agriculture.
 H2S: to generate sulfuric acid and sulfur
Fractional Distillation of Gas
Mixtures
Components
H2
CO2
CH4
N2
CO
BTX
Percentage
30%
60%
2%
12%
1%
100ppm
DISPOSAL OF SOME GASES
 H2O (47 vol%) - produce Hydrogen via electrolysis, that can then be
utilized as a fuel.
 CO2 (42 vol%) - stored deep below the surface in geological reservoirs
and utilized by beverage manufacturers to preserve beverages once
necessary.
 N2 (8 vol%) - This gas has applications in chemical processing as well
as food preparation.
 H2O (2 vol%) - it can be transmitted in its gaseous state to be utilized
and fuel instantly.
 CH4 (1 vol%) - Upon methane separation via membranes, it is utilized
in the hydrogen generation process or as fuel.
 SO2 (1000ppm) - used in the production of sulphuric acid as well as
paper production
Conclusion
 The gas separation characteristics of the polymeric phase as
well as adhesion to particles could be seriously compromised
by the aggressive gas stream in real-world industry sectors.
Plasticization caused by CO2 or another plasticizer might
seriously impair extraction efficiency.
References
 SJOHOLM, P., INGHAM, D. B., LEHTIMAKI, M., PERTTUROIHA, L., GOODFELLOW, H., & TORVELA, H. (2001).
GAS-CLEANING TECHNOLOGY. Industrial Ventilation
Design Guidebook, 1197–1316. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978012289676-7/50016-3
 Fair, J. R., & Kister, H. Z. (2003, January 1). Absorption
(Chemical Engineering) (R. A. Meyers, Ed.). ScienceDirect;
Academic Press.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B01222741
05000016