Fillers in conversation (used only in speaking) um, uh, yeah, I mean, I guess, you know, ok, oh, so, well "Ok, um, I'll begin with number 9." = "I'll begin with number 9." "Well, I guess the problem is that I'm tired." = "The problem is that I'm tired." "Yeah, I mean, I understand what you're saying." = "I understand what you're saying." "She's, uh, she's not here right now." = "She's not here right now." Reduced Forms (used only in speaking or very informal writing) doing = doin How are you doing? = How are you doin? want to = wanna do you want to = wanna want a = wanna wants to = wansta going to = gonna got to = gotta have to = hafta has to = hasta I want to leave now. = I wanna leave now. Do you want to go? = Wanna go? We want a cat. = We wanna cat. She wants to read. = She wansta read. I'm going to wait. = I'm gonna wait. I've got to go. = I gotta go. Do I have to? = Do I hafta? He has to work. = He hasta work. don't know = dunno I don't know why. = I dunno why. kind of = kinda lot of = lotta He kind of likes you. = He kinda likes you. I need a lot of paper. = I need a lotta paper. could have = coulda / couldav should have = shoulda / shouldav would have = woulda / wouldav might have = mighta / mightav must have = musta / mustav They could have gone. = They coulda gone. I should have left already. = I shoulda left already. He would have paid. = He woulda paid. She might have said yes. = She mighta said yes. Mike must have lied. = Mike musta lied. give me = gimme let me = lemme Give me that pen. = Gimme that pen. Let me go! = Lemme go! get you = getcha got you = gotcha bet you = betcha don't you = doncha I'll get you a plate. = I'll getcha a plate. Don't worry, I got you. = Don't worry, I gotcha. I bet you he's late. = I betcha he's late. Don't you like it? = Doncha like it? what are you = whaddaya / whatcha and = n them = em you = ya your / you’re = yer What are you doing? = Whaddaya doin? She and I are talking. = She n I are talkin. Don't touch them! = Don't touch em! See you later. = See ya later. You're his sister? = Yer his sister?