AIRPORT ENGINEERING
Topic 1
INTRODUCTION & BASICS
Raquel Rubión, raquel.rubion@upc.edu
Hèctor Fornés, Hector.fornes@upc.edu
Jordi Pons-Prats, jordi.pons-prats@upc.edu
OVERVIEW
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
AIRPORT ENGINEERING
TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
AIR TRANSPORT
AIRPORT CONCEPT
SPANISH AIRPORTS
AIRPORT-RELATED INSTITUTIONS
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LA INGENIERÍA AEROPORTUARIA
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
Management
Construction
Aircrafts/Paxs
AIRPORT
Capacity
Design
Planning
Figure 1. Airport as the central knot (Gordian Knot). Source: Internet y elaboración propia.
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TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
1. Ground
- By Foot
- By Road
- By Rail
1. Maritime & Fluvial
2. Air
3. Special
- Pipes
- Cables
- Waves
Figure 2. Sistemas de transporte. Source: Internet.
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TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
Figure 3. Comparison AVE – Ais Shuttle MAD-BCN.
Source: Internet.
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TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
WHY AIR SHUTTLE AND HIGH SPEED TRAIN
ARE COMPETING?
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•
•
•
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Intermodal Systems air – high speed train
Train is feeding air transport (distances by
train between 100-300km)
Train as replacement of the plane (distances
between 300-800km)
Project AEROAVE (2011, Spain)
Implementation cases: TGV Air, Fly Air
Baggage, AIRail (France, Switzerland,
Germany)
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AIR TRANSPORT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
First flights
Figure 4. Otto Lilienthal made its first flight with its glider on
1895. Source: Internet.
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AIR TRANSPORT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
First Flights
Figure 5. Flyer I. Kitty Hawk, December 17th 1903. Source:
Internet.
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AIR TRANSPORT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
First flights
Figure 6. Boeing 787-9. Source: Internet.
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AIR TRANSPORT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
Figure 7. Flight at a worldwide level. Source: www.flightradar24.com.
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AIR TRANSPORT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
Figure 8. Historical Evolution pax and freight (1950-2010). Source: IATA.
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AIR TRANSPORT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
Figure 9. Information about the Spanish
Airports Dec’2019. Accumulated figures.
Source: AENA.
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AIR TRANSPORT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
Figure 10. Information about the
Spanish Airports Feb’2020.
Accumulated figures. Source: AENA.
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AIRPORT CONCEPT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
First airfields
Figure 12. La Volatería airfield, 1920. Source: Internet.
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AIRPORT CONCEPT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
Airports today
Figure 13. Aerial picture of Aeropuerto de Barcelona-El Prat. Source: Internet..
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AIR TRANSPORT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
Airfields in Spain
Airfields (Blue): 60
Restricted (Red): 78
Closed (Cross): 52
No AIP (Green): 218
Figure 3. Airfields in
Spain. Source:
www.aterriza.org.
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AIR TRANSPORT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
Airfields
Figure 3b. Aerodromo de Palafolls. Source: Internet.
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AIR TRANSPORT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
Airfields
Figure 4. Aeródromo de Cervera. Source: Internet.
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AIR TRANSPORT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
Airports
Figure 3c. Airport of San Francisco, US. Source: Internet.
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AIRPORT CONCEPT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
Annex 14 of ICAO (international Civil Aviation Organization, an UN
specialized body) defines airfield as:
“Ground or water area (including all buildings, facilities and equipment)
totally or partially aimed to the arrival, departure and surface
movement of aircraft”.
Spanish Law 48/1960 of Air navigation (art.39) defines airport as:
“All airfield where one can find permanent facilities and services, as
public ones, aimed to provide assistance to air traffic, park,
maintenance services, and manage the arrival and departure of
passengers and freight”
“Todo aeródromo en el que existan, de modo permanente, instalaciones y servicios con carácter
público, para asistir de modo regular al tráfico aéreo, permitir el aparcamiento y reparaciones del
material aéreo y recibir o despachar pasajeros o carga”.
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AIRPORT CONCEPT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
Three aspects defining an airport:
- Intermodal station
Figure 14. Catalan transport network. Source: Internet.
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AIRPORT CONCEPT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
Three aspects defining an airport:
- Intermodal station
- Consolidating and organizing element for the territory
Figure 15. Access of Aeropuerto de Barcelona-El Prat. Source: Internet.
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AIRPORT CONCEPT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
Three aspects defining an airport:
- Intermodal station
- Consolidating and organizing element for the territory
- Economical activity pole
Figure 16. Ciudad Aeroportuaria Prat de Llobregat. Source: Internet.
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AIRPORT CONCEPT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
AIRPORT CLASSIFICATION
• CTOL. (Conventional takeoff and landing)
• STOL. (Short takeoff and landing).
• STOL Aircraft reference field runway length <800m
• STOL Aircraft Maximum Span 26 m
• STOL Aircraft maximum main landing gear width 9m
• Hidroairports
• Heliport
• Others (altiports, etc)
Figure 18. Altiport of Lukla, Tenzing Hillary Airport, Everest Base Camp, Nepal .
Source: Internet.
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AIRPORT CONCEPT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
Airport Classification
RD 862/2009: Airports with public use
• General interest airports(Art 148.1.6 CE)
• Public-managed
• Private-managed
• Regional interest airports(Art 148.1.6 CE)
• Private airports
• Airfields
• Heliports
• Temporal Heliports
• ULM Airfields
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AIRPORT CONCEPT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
Airport classification
Figure 20. Red de aeropuertos de AENA. Source: AENA.
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AIRPORT CONCEPT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
SPANISH institutions
• DGAC
La Dirección General de Aviación Civil / General Directorate for Civil
Aviation belongs to Ministerio de Fomento, and is amied to design
the strategy, lead the aeronautical policies. So it coordinates all the
departments which are related to aviation and air transport. It is the
policy maker in the framework of law and regulations definition in the
Ministry.
Figure 20. Logo Mº. Fomento. Source: Web del Mº. Fomento.
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AIRPORT CONCEPT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
SPANISH Institutions
• AESA
AESA is the national air safety agency, aimed to look for the
fulfillment of safety rules in air activities within Spain.
Objectives:
- Supervision, Inspection, Managing Air transport, Air
Navigation and Airport Safety.
- Risk assessment in air transport safety.
- Assessment of the fulfilment of the civil aviation rules, with
sanctioning capability.
Figure 21. Logo AESA. Source: Web AESA.
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AIRPORT CONCEPT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
SPANISH Airports
• ENAIRE
Main Air navigation and information service provider (ANSP) in
Spain. The fourth more relevant in Europe and a key actor at
international level.
ENAIRE manages 5 control centers, and 21 control towers, with
more than 2 million fligths per year.
Figure 22. Flight phases. Source: Web ENAIRE.
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AIRPORT CONCEPT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
SPANISH Airports
• AENA
AENA SME, S.A. is a public commercial Company aimed to manage
Spanish airports and heliports considered as of general interest.
AENA International manages 17 additional airports around the world.
Figure 23. Logo AENA. Source: AENA.
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AIRPORT CONCEPT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
SPANISH Airports
• AENA
46 airports and 2 heliports belong to Aena in Spain. In 2018, they
had 263,7 millones de pasajeros, growing 5,8% wrt 2017.
The 69,2% of the pax were from international flights, with a growth of
4,1% wrt 2017. In 2019 the tren was kept, while 2020 is a quite
special year. Internal flights increased by 10% in 2018.
In 2018, Freight and cargo were above the million tonnes, increasing
9,9% wrt 2017.
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AIRPORT CONCEPT
Ingeniería Aeroportuaria
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
• ICAO; International Civil aviation Organization, United Nations
• IATA; International Air Transport Association
• ECAC - CEAC; European Civil Aviation Conference
• EUROCONTROL, European Commission
• ACI; Airports Council International
Figure 25. Logos of Internacionales Institutions. Source: Internet.
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