WWTP Effluent Recycle
Conceptual Idea
Water Steering Meeting
(Working Committee)
9 September 2016
THE WATER CYCLE AND WASTEWATER
RECYCLING
The Process Stages
Phase 1: Scope Development
This initial project planning phase starts with a site visit to assess the current water management
situation. Develop a prioritized list of objectives and project requirements for success. Modifications to
the goals and requirements may be suggested based on the experience of the team member.
Deliverable: Proposal for work including project description, project plan, and pricing OR
recommendation for other course of action.
Phase 2: Plant Audit
This phase provides the foundation for all future work. Phase 2 includes a comprehensive
site survey, a planned sampling program to characterize all water streams, and a definition
of the water requirements for all processes involved in the study. The plant audit results in
a clear definition of the project challenges. At the completion of Phase 2, potential
solutions to overcome these challenges are formulated. The potential solutions can
include a combination of mechanical, operational, or chemical recommendations.
Deliverable: Report containing feasible Conceptual Designs for water management
schemes to meet the project objectives.
Phase 3: Conceptual Design Evaluation
In this phase, potential options formulated in Phase 2 are evaluated using a combination of
computer modeling and laboratory feasibility studies to evaluate the relative technical and
economic merits of the proposed water resource management options. At the completion of
Phase 3, the best conceptual design for meeting the goals of the project is identified.
Deliverable: Report containing final recommendations for Water Management Solutions based on
technical and economic evaluation of the Phase 3 Conceptual Designs.
Phase 4: Pilot-Scale Evaluation
In this phase, the most promising option is verified and estimates of system operating
parameters are further refined. These studies can utilize advanced process simulation
laboratories and/or trailer-based water treatment pilot units.
Deliverable: Recommendations for system design modifications, refined economic estimates,
and summary of pilot testing results
Phase 5: Process Implementation
After the completion of the first four phases of this five-phase process, the user will have an optimized
and proven conceptual design which is customized to meet the specific water resource management
needs of the plant. Vendor will continue to provide technical consultation to assist during engineering,
construction and start-up. Once the solution is implemented, vendor will provide the on-site service and
expertise to ensure that the system operates as planned.
Business Model to consider
DBOMModel
The DBOM includes in one offer the design, build and operations and maintenance components. The service
provider is usually also responsible for financing the project during construction. The industrial customer
purchases the asset from the developer for a pre-agreed price prior to (or immediately after) commissioning and
takes all ownership risks from that time.
BOTModel
The BOT model (Build, Operate and Transfer) involves the construction, management (operation) and, later on,
the transfer to the contract awarded. In this particular case the private firm finances, plans, erects and operates
the plant, which is then returned to the customer after a contractually stipulated period.
B O OT m o d e l
In the BOOT model (Build, Own, Operate and Transfer), the service provider is responsible for design and
construction, finance, operations, maintenance and commercial risks associated with the project. The service
provider owns the project throughout the concession period. After that the asset is transferred back to the
industrial ownership at the end of the term, often at no cost.
BOOModel
Similar to BOOT projects, but the service provider retains ownership of the asset in perpetuity. The industrial enduser only agrees to purchase the services produced for a fixed length of time.
LOOmodel
The LOO Model (Lease, Own and Operate) is similar to a BOO project but an existing asset is leased from the
customer for a specified time. The asset may require refurbishment or expansion.
Typical Goals of Total Water Management
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Reduce raw water costs
Reduce operating costs
Reduce discharge volume
Avoid water shortage problems
Proactive environmental policy
Positive public image