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Behavioural sciences
Resource person: DR AROOJ FATIMAH
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Lecture Outline
Introduction to Behavioral sciences
Traditional versus holistic medicine
Four Elements of Holistic Medicines
 Define Behavioral sciences
Psychology
Sociology
Anthropology
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Traditional versus Holistic Medicine
Traditional medicine:
Allopathic medicine that treats the
diseased part of human being.’ Just fix the problem’
It is also called conventional or western
medicines
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Holistic medicine:
• It aims at restoring health and wellness to a person as
a whole, rather than focusing on diseased part alone.
• It denies the separation of mind and body as
advocated in traditional medicine.
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Cont…
“It is a form of healing that considers the whole person
-- body, mind, spirit, and emotions -- in the quest for
optimal health and wellness”
• A holistic doctor may use all forms of health care,
from conventional medication to alternative
therapies, to treat a patient.
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Cont…
• Holistic medicine is inspired from the theory of holism which
states that reality is made up of unified wholes that is
greater than, the sum of their parts.
• It considers mind, body and spirit as sub parts, which form a
person i.e. a whole is greater than sum of its parts.
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Four Elements of Holistic Medicines
A physician committed to holistic medicine is expected to understand
the following 4 elements of this approach:
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Person
Environment
Health
Physician
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Person:
A human being has three essential and well
integrated elements namely,
1. Mind
2. Body
3. Spirit
These are held in a dynamic balance.
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Environment:
A set of external forces that can influence our
experience of health and disease such as
• Family
• Community
• Culture
• Socioeconomic resources
• Access to the health care
• Quality and type of health care providers
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Health:
• A dynamic state well-being achieved through mind-bodyspirit balance that helps a person to realize his or her full
potential.
Physician:
• The person who supports health rather than the one who
merely treats the disease.
• A practitioner of holistic medicine therefore believes that
health is dynamic, interactive and integrative
phenomenon.
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Characteristics of a Holistic Medicine
Physician :
1.
2.
3.
4.
Belief in the potential of healing act
Capacity to listen and empathize
Respect for the dignity of human beings
Tolerance for the difference of opinion
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5. A gentle spirit
6. Ability to mix creative thinking and intuition with
scientific thought
7. Will to never give up hope even against heavy odds.
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Practice of traditional medicine:
•
The knowledge of physical sciences Anatomy,
Physiology and Biochemistry provides adequate
basis for the practice of traditional allopathic
medicine.
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Practice of Holistic medicine:
•Practice of holistic medicine demands the
knowledge of Behavioural sciences.
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What are Behavioral Sciences?
Definition:
It is the branch of science that deals with the
study of human behavior in conditions of health and
disease by using principles of
• Psychology
• Sociology
• Anthropology
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What is Behaviour?
•
The way in which a person behaves in response to a
stimuli whether internal or external ,conscious or
subconsciously.
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Psychology
Definition:
The study of human mind and the role played by its various
functions e.g.
• Emotions
• Thoughts
• Cognitions
• Motivations
• Perceptions
• Intelligence in maintaining health and disease
• How the development of personality takes place.
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Sociology
Definition:
The study that help doctors to understand the
influence of society and its various units and
institutions on the process of health and how they can
change to cause disease.
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They examine the role of following factors in
maintaining health and causing disease:
• Family
• Gender issues
• Social classes
• Socioeconomic circumstances
• Housing
• Employment
• Social supports
• Social policies
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Anthropology
Definition: The word anthropology comes from
the Greek anthropos, meaning human being.
“Anthropology is a broad scientific study of
human biology and culture”
They also have come to realize that people cannot
be understood by studying either their biological
makeup or their cultural traditions alone.
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Cont…
The study of effects of different factors on human
beings:
• Evolutionary history
• Cultural history
• Racial classification
• Geographic distribution of human beings
• Effects on health issues
• Signs and symptoms of diseases
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Anthropology involves the study of cultural methods of
dealing disease and other distressing events of people’s
life.
• Which disease is to be stigmatized and which is to be
kept secret
• Which is to be handed over to the doctor and which is
to be dealt by the faith healers
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 Psychology educates physician about the mind.
 Sociology and anthropology illustrate the
evolution of human spirit and the factors that
constantly influence it.
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Reference Text Book:
Behavioral sciences 3rd Edition
by Mowadat H. Rana
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