3/1/2023 Lecture 1 1 Behavioural sciences Resource person: DR AROOJ FATIMAH 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 2 Lecture Outline Introduction to Behavioral sciences Traditional versus holistic medicine Four Elements of Holistic Medicines Define Behavioral sciences Psychology Sociology Anthropology 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 3 Traditional versus Holistic Medicine Traditional medicine: Allopathic medicine that treats the diseased part of human being.’ Just fix the problem’ It is also called conventional or western medicines 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 4 Holistic medicine: • It aims at restoring health and wellness to a person as a whole, rather than focusing on diseased part alone. • It denies the separation of mind and body as advocated in traditional medicine. 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 5 Cont… “It is a form of healing that considers the whole person -- body, mind, spirit, and emotions -- in the quest for optimal health and wellness” • A holistic doctor may use all forms of health care, from conventional medication to alternative therapies, to treat a patient. 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 6 Cont… • Holistic medicine is inspired from the theory of holism which states that reality is made up of unified wholes that is greater than, the sum of their parts. • It considers mind, body and spirit as sub parts, which form a person i.e. a whole is greater than sum of its parts. 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 7 Four Elements of Holistic Medicines A physician committed to holistic medicine is expected to understand the following 4 elements of this approach: 1. 2. 3. 4. 3/1/2023 Person Environment Health Physician Lecture 1 8 Person: A human being has three essential and well integrated elements namely, 1. Mind 2. Body 3. Spirit These are held in a dynamic balance. 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 9 Environment: A set of external forces that can influence our experience of health and disease such as • Family • Community • Culture • Socioeconomic resources • Access to the health care • Quality and type of health care providers 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 10 Health: • A dynamic state well-being achieved through mind-bodyspirit balance that helps a person to realize his or her full potential. Physician: • The person who supports health rather than the one who merely treats the disease. • A practitioner of holistic medicine therefore believes that health is dynamic, interactive and integrative phenomenon. 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 11 Characteristics of a Holistic Medicine Physician : 1. 2. 3. 4. Belief in the potential of healing act Capacity to listen and empathize Respect for the dignity of human beings Tolerance for the difference of opinion 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 12 5. A gentle spirit 6. Ability to mix creative thinking and intuition with scientific thought 7. Will to never give up hope even against heavy odds. 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 13 Practice of traditional medicine: • The knowledge of physical sciences Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry provides adequate basis for the practice of traditional allopathic medicine. 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 14 Practice of Holistic medicine: •Practice of holistic medicine demands the knowledge of Behavioural sciences. 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 15 What are Behavioral Sciences? Definition: It is the branch of science that deals with the study of human behavior in conditions of health and disease by using principles of • Psychology • Sociology • Anthropology 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 16 What is Behaviour? • The way in which a person behaves in response to a stimuli whether internal or external ,conscious or subconsciously. 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 17 Psychology Definition: The study of human mind and the role played by its various functions e.g. • Emotions • Thoughts • Cognitions • Motivations • Perceptions • Intelligence in maintaining health and disease • How the development of personality takes place. 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 18 Sociology Definition: The study that help doctors to understand the influence of society and its various units and institutions on the process of health and how they can change to cause disease. 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 19 They examine the role of following factors in maintaining health and causing disease: • Family • Gender issues • Social classes • Socioeconomic circumstances • Housing • Employment • Social supports • Social policies 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 20 Anthropology Definition: The word anthropology comes from the Greek anthropos, meaning human being. “Anthropology is a broad scientific study of human biology and culture” They also have come to realize that people cannot be understood by studying either their biological makeup or their cultural traditions alone. 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 21 Cont… The study of effects of different factors on human beings: • Evolutionary history • Cultural history • Racial classification • Geographic distribution of human beings • Effects on health issues • Signs and symptoms of diseases 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 22 Anthropology involves the study of cultural methods of dealing disease and other distressing events of people’s life. • Which disease is to be stigmatized and which is to be kept secret • Which is to be handed over to the doctor and which is to be dealt by the faith healers 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 23 Psychology educates physician about the mind. Sociology and anthropology illustrate the evolution of human spirit and the factors that constantly influence it. 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 24 Reference Text Book: Behavioral sciences 3rd Edition by Mowadat H. Rana 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 25 3/1/2023 Lecture 1 26
