Carbohydrates
Monomers
“building blocks”
-examples
-elements
Di- joined together by
dehydration synthesis
-bond name
Polymer
- joined together by
dehydration synthesis
-polymer examples
Function in Living
Organisms
-found in what foods
-function in body
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Monomers
“building blocks”
Carbohydrates-CHO
Monosaccharides
Rings
“simple sugars”
Examples:
Examples


Di- joined together by
covalent bonds
Polymer
glucose
fructose
galactose

Disaccharides
Leucine
Serine
Aspartic acid
Lipids-CHO
Fatty Acid Chains
3 parts of a nucleotide
 pentose sugar
 Phosphate group
 nitrogenous bases
Exist as chain
structures that form
bonds with other
molecules
o
purines-2 rings
o pyrimidines- 1 ring
Dinucleotide
- two monosaccharides
joined togetherglycosidic bond
Examples
 Maltose, Sucrose,
Lactose
- two amino acids
joined together with a
peptide bond
- two nucleotides joined
together-phosphodiester
bond
Polysaccharides
Polypeptide


Glycogen – storage in
animals
-broken down by
hydrolysis-water added
to break bondcatabolism reaction

Cellulose –
component of cell
walls-dietary fiberinsoluble, bulk of
feces
Function in Living
Organisms


Nucleic Acids-CHONP
Nucleotides

Dipeptide
- joined together by
dehydration
synthesis/condensation
reaction-water lostanabolism reaction
-always one less bond
than molecules joined
together
-20 monomers=19 bonds
Proteins-CHON
Amino Acids
Branched
20 different “R side
chains”
Examples

Starch – storage in
plants
Chitin – exoskeleton
of insect and
crustaceans
Energy source for cells,
quick energy
Simple Sugars: Fruits,
Veggies, Juice
Starch: Potato Pasta Bread
Polynucleotides
4 Levels of Structure
 Primary –



DNA
 double-stranded
sequence of
 double helix
amino acids
 located in nucleus
Secondary –
RNA
alpha helix or beta  Single-stranded
pleated sheet
 Many forms
Tertiary – three Located in nucleus
dimensional shapeand cytoplasm
globular
ATP
Quaternary
Energy Molecule
Structure – 2 or
more different
peptide chains
together
Structure, Hormones,
Enzymes(speed up
rxns)
Foods: Meat, Beans
Basis of heredity
“codes”
(don’t form di or
polymer
configurations)
Triglyceride-ester
bond joins FA to
glycerol
Phospholipid
Steroids
Sat FA-Butter/Lard-solid
room temp
Un Sat FA cis-oils-liquid
room temp-olive, nut,
seed oils
Un Sat FA trans-
hydrogenated
vegetable oils “bad”processed foods
Stored energy
Protection
Insulation
Hormones
Butter, Oils, Seed Oils