Engineering Operation
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-ENG
Engineering Operation
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Engineering Operation
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-ENG
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Engineering Operation
Engineering Functions
Engineering Procedures
Project
System Generation
Test Function
Download Function
IM33S01B30-01E
IM33S04N10-01E
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[Reference: PART-F Engineering]
[Engineering Test Guide]
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Engineering Functions
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-ENG 1
Engineering Functions
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Features of Engineering
Functions
• Operable on a general purpose PC
• Concurrent engineering
• Virtual test function with FCS simulator
• Reusable engineering data
• Online documents
Test Function
Engineering Function
FCS
Simulator
Operation/Monitoring Function
Windows2000/XP Professional
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Configuration
Engineering functions
Basic functions
System view
Builders
Test function
Definition of functions
Virtual test, wiring functions
Utility functions
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Project management function
Self-documentation
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Concept of DCS Builder
HIS
Graphic builder
Operation/
monitoring
function
definition
Function
block
definition
Control drawing builder
TIC101
FCS
PID
IOM definition builder
FIC101
PID
Process I/O
assignment
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Engineering Environment
Engineering environment
Engineering database
(Current project)
HIS
HIS load
V net
Engineering work
with builder
System configuration, operation and
monitoring windows and so on are
created and edited by the builder.
FCS load
Download the created system
configuration, the operation
and monitoring windows and
so on to the system.
ooo
FCS
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Engineering Environments
Engineering environment in
a target system.
Engineering environment
outside a target system*.
Ethernet
ENG/HIS
ENG/HIS
Engineering data
Engineering data
V net
Engineering functions and
virtual test functions
* Target system: The hardware,
which is used in plant operation.
ooo
Standard FCS
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Engineering Environment
Engineering functions and operation and monitoring
functions within a single HIS.
Operation/monitoring
functions
Engineering functions
ENG/HIS
Minimum system
Engineering data
V net
ooo
Standard FCS
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Engineering Environment
Independent engineering functions.
Ethernet
Engineering functions
ENG/HIS
HIS
Operation/monitoring
functions
Engineering data
V net
ooo
Standard FCS
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Engineering Environment
Concurrent engineering via network.
Ethernet
Engineering functions
ＰＣ
Operation/monitoring
functions
ENG/HIS
HIS
Engineering data
V net
Concurrent engineering via network
Engineers can execute engineering works
using a single engineering database
simultaneously.
ooo
Standard FCS
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Engineering Environment
Merging engineering data.
Engineering data
merging
Engineering functions
Operation/monitoring
functions
ENG/HIS
ＰＣ
Engineering data
Engineering data
V net
The engineering data created with another
PC can be easily merged.
ooo
Standard FCS
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Engineering Environment in TC
Ethernet
HIS 0124
HIS 0123
Engineering data
V net
Left-hand side HIS is HIS0124,
which has an engineering
database.
FCS 0101
Right-hand side HIS is
HIS0123, which has the
function of system creation but
no engineering database.
HIS0123 shares the database
with HIS0124.
HIS0124 should be activated before HIS0123.
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Engineering Procedures
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-ENG 2
Engineering Procedures
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Engineering Flow
New engineering
Specification review
Control method, necessary
hardware and so on
Regulatory control, sequential
control design
Basic design
Detailed design
System generation
System generation with builders
Unit and connected test
Virtual test using operation and
monitoring windows
Integration test
Start-up
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Target test with FCS
Hardware installation and loop check
Maintenance
Engineering data backup and,
hardware check
Expansion & modification
Expansion and modification of
control functions
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Engineering Work Flow
Project creation
Common item definition
FCS
Control function definition
HIS
Operation/monitoring
function definition
Included in the engineering course.
Done in the fundamental course.
Virtual test execution
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Defined function download
Parameter save
HIS Setup functions
Project save
Target test execution
Documentation of project
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Confirmation of Project
Project for the target
system
Confirm that the project has been
created for the target system.
Confirming project
folder
Confirm that the FCS and the HIS
folders have been created in the
project folder.
Creating FCS folder
Creating HIS folder
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If the FCS and HIS folders necessary
for the target system are not found,
create these folders.
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Defining Common Items
Alarm priority
Alarm status label
Alarm processing table
Block status
Plant hierarchy
Defining the items commonly used
by the project.
Saved in the COMMON folder. In
most cases, default values are
acceptable.
Alarm related builders may be
discussed in PART-B, Function Block
Items in yellow boxes will be defined
in the exercise.
Engineering unit symbol
Switch position label
Status change
Operation mark
User security
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Defining Control Functions
FCS property
FCS type, database type and
so on.
FCS common items
Start conditions, digital filter
coefficients and so on.
I/O module definition
I/O module hardware definition.
Creation of regulatory
control functions
Function block creation and wiring, and
detailed definition.
Creation of sequential
control functions
Sequential control functions and soft
I/O definition.
Unit management
Items in yellow boxes will be
defined in the exercise.
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Operation & Monitoring Functions
HIS constants
Function keys
Scheduler
Trend
Sequence messages
Graphic windows
Defines the operation and
monitoring functions.
Some functions such as the
functions related to printers,
should be defined with HIS Setup.
The HIS setup functions are also
able to temporarily define
functions supporting operations
such as function keys.
Help messages
Plant hierarchy
Items in yellow boxes will be
defined in the exercise.
Panel set
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Virtual Test Execution
Control function
creation and its test
Control functions created by a
user with builders are tested.
Control function creation
Virtual test uses the FCS
simulator for the actual FSC
and executes the test on the
HIS.
Creation of operation
windows
A wiring files are created
automatically at the startup
stage of the test function. The
created wiring may be used
intact.
Test function startup
Wiring confirmation
Confirmation of operation
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Downloading of Created Functions
Project common download
Download FCS data
Download HIS data
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Engineering data defined by a
user with builders are
downloaded to FCS and HIS.
The projects using a gateway
and/or a bus converter, the
configuration files are also
downloaded.
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Defining Functions with HIS Setup
Stations
Printer
Operation and monitoring
environments of the HIS are
set with the HIS setup window.
Buzzer
Display
Window switching
Alarm
Some of the HIS setup
operations have been done in the
Fundamental course.
Preset menu
Equalization
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Execution of Target Test
Target test using
wiring functions
Test function startup
I/O disconnection
Automatic wiring
Wiring download
Control functions created by a user
with builders are tested.
The engineering database is
downloaded to the FCS and tested.
When the I/O test instruments such
as I/O modules, signal generators are
not used, the FCS I/O signals are
simulated by I/O disconnection and
automatic wiring.
Startup of the test function is not
necessary, if the actual I/O can be used.
Confirmation of operation
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Tuning Parameter Save
Save the tuning parameters
set on function blocks tuned
during the trial operation.
Setting tuning parameters
Saving tuning parameters
If the FCS offline download is
executed without the
parameter save, default
parameters are downloaded
to the function blocks.
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Saving of Project
Saving tuning parameters
Backup of folders
Preparing for the data evaporation
caused by hardware errors such as
HDD crush, project data are saved in
external memories.
Copying the project folder and the
following folders backups the whole
engineering data.
The database related to the HIS, set
by the HIS Setup functions, is not
included in the project folder. For the
perfect recovery of HIS, the backup of
the HIS Setup data is necessary too.
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Self-Documentation
For the system maintenance or
expansion and modification in the
future, the data defined with
builders can be printed or output
to PDF files*.
Output self-document
Project selection
Startup of self-document
* PDF file output is supported by
R3.02 and later release. It needs
Acrobat in addition.
Header editing etc
Selection of printing range
Documents output
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Project
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-ENG 3
Project
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Project
Project is the unit of managing the FCS and HIS data created
by system generation functions. Builder files defined by the
system generation functions are managed in the unit of project.
Automatically created
new project at initial
startup.
Default project
FCS download
The unique project,
which exists in FCS.
Current project
The engineering data meet with
the system in operation.
Used for testing and
debugging. More than one
project can be created.
User defined project
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Default Project
•
Default Project:
After the system installation, the project created at the first startup
of the System View is called default project.
Features:
1) Downloadable to FCS.
2) Virtual test is possible with FCS simulator.
3) Downloadable to HIS.
4) Offline download to FCS in the target system is possible.
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Current Project
•
Current Project:
If the offline download to any FCS in the default project is executed,
the attribute of the project changes from default to current. And then
the online engineering is enabled.
Features:
1) Multiple projects cannot be created.
2) Target test is possible.
3) Downloadable to HIS.
4) Offline download to FCS in the target system is possible.
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User Defined Project
•
User Defined Project:
A copied current project for editing or a newly created project is
called a user defined project.
Download the project to FCS is disabled. The project is used for
engineering with the virtual test or for backup of the current project.
Features:
1) Multiple projects can be created on the system view.
2) Virtual test is possible with the FCS simulator.
3) Download to the FCS and the HIS in the target system is
impossible.
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Current Project
Attribute changes
automatically on download
Default Project
Default
project
Ordinary system
configuration
Current project
Offline
download
Tuning
FCS parameter
save
Current
project
Offline
download
Downloadable to
FCS.
Attribute changes
on download.
ooo
Online
download
At initial installation
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Online maintenance
enabled.
A unique project that
enables to confirm
the FCS data.
A single
project/system
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User Defined Project
Ordinary system
configuration
Attribute
change by
utility
User defined project
Current project
Current
project
Online maintenance
enabled.
A unique project that
enables to confirm
the FCS data.
User
defined
project
Copied
current project
Newly created
project
Download to FCS is disabled.
Multiple projects can be created for
testing, expansion and so on.
Multiple
projects/system
A single
project/system
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User
defined
project
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Project Attribute Change
Project attribute can be changed by the “Utility to Change
Project’s Attribute”.
“Change Attribute of
Project” dialog
To call “Utility to Change
Project’s Attribute” dialog.
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Project Creation for Exercise
Project position
H:/CS3000/eng/BKProject/
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System Generation
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-ENG 4
System Generation
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System Generation
System View
(Collective management engineering environment for CS1000/3000.)
• Project creation
• System configuration
definition
• I/O module definition
• Builder startup
• Test function startup
• Documentation
function startup
• Database load
• Parameter save
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System Generation
Builder
(Generation tools of various functions)
The builder startups automatically by clicking the builder file
to define or edit.
Examples of functions:
• Common item
definition
• I/O definition
• Control function
creation
• Operation and
monitoring functions
definition
• Operation window
definition
An example of a graphic builder window.
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Project Definition
Items to define: Project name
Position (The folder’s location in which database
is saved. A server or other drive can be specified.)
Project name (arbitrary)
Project position
H:/CS3000/eng/BKProject/
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Project Definition
Data to define: Manual setting of engineering units. (Default
is automatic.)
Tick here for manual registration. Registration operation of
the engineering units file in the COMMON folder is needed.
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Devices Composing System
After the project creation, defining the devices composing
the system is required.
The following devices compose the project:
• FCS
• HIS
• BCV
• CGW
• Stations (other stations)
A hardware type for each device and a database type for the FCS
should be specified. The hardware and database type cannot be
changed once they were defined.
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Devices Composing System
Creation of devices composing the system.
Select the device to create or add.
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Project Common Items
The definition files common to the whole project are
saved in the COMMON folder.
Most of the basic
system definition files
are used with default
settings. Customizing
is possible, if
necessary.
Only the files related to
the security,
OpeMarkDef and
UserSec should be
defined beforehand.
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Engineering Unit Symbol
The engineering unit symbol is a unit symbol attached to a data value
including a flow-rate and pressure, and is used on all the projects.
Up to 256 engineering unit symbols can be used for one project.
One engineering unit symbol can be defined with up to six
alphanumeric characters.
Engineering unit
symbols Nos.1 to 8
cannot be changed or
deleted: Define the
engineering unit
symbol starting at No.9.
Default values are
predefined for Nos.9 to
126. No default values
are predefined for the
subsequent Nos.
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Switch Position Label
Up to 64 sets switch position labels can be defined. One set
consists of four labels (label 1, label 2, label 3, and label 4).
The label 4 character string is not displayed on the instruments. Define a
unique character string for each set.
Switch position labels Nos.1 and 2 cannot be changed or deleted. Default
values are predefined for Nos.3 to 13.
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Flow of User Security Check
HIS operation
Security check
HIS security check
Scope of operation
and monitoring
check for the HIS
User security check
Scope of operation
and monitoring
check for a user
group
Privilege levels
of operation and
monitoring check
for a user
Operation
• Window operation and monitoring
• Function block operation and monitoring
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Operation
Operation record History
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Security Overview
The following two types of policies are available in CS 1000/CS 3000.
• HIS Security Policy
HIS security policy stipulates the scope of operation and monitoring
allowed on the Human Interface Station. Regardless of the logon
users, the operation performed to a device or to a function block data
item may be restricted.
• User Security Policy
User security policy stipulates the scope of operation and monitoring
for the users.
Each user is restricted to operate or monitor a certain scope of devices
and function block data items.
The scope of operation and monitoring permitted for an operator is
determined by a combination of HIS security and user security
settings.
General-purpose Windows applications follow the security policy of
Windows. The user of CENTUM is different from the user of Windows.
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HIS Security
The security level regarding operation and monitoring as well as the
operation and monitoring scope can be set for the HIS itself. The HIS
security check has a precedence over the user security check.
The operation and monitoring scope of the HIS is unrelated with the
operation and monitoring scope set for each user group.
The security level setting means to select either monitoring only machine
or monitoring and operation machine (default).
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HIS Security Definition
The HIS Attribute (security level) and HIS Security (operation and
monitoring range) settings in the HIS Constant Builder.
HIS attributes setting.
HIS security setting.
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-F Engineering, F9.2 User Group.
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User Security
The operators performing the operation and monitoring
functions are classified based on their privilege level (authority).
This classification is called user.
The following attributes are assigned to each user:
User name:
Password:
User group:
Privilege level:
User recognition
User identification
Monitoring and operation scope
Monitoring and operation authority
The operations performed by the user are held as the operation record.
The operation record can be confirmed by the historical message report.
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User Group
The users are classified into groups based on their
operation and monitoring scopes.
This classification is called user group.
The following attributes are assigned to each user group:
• User group name:
User group recognition
• Monitoring scope:
Monitoring range
• Operation and monitoring scope: Operation and monitoring range
• Windows scope:
Window names for operation and monitoring
• Acknowledgement:
Acknowledgment range
• Process message receiving:
Monitoring range of the generated messages
The range is set by the plant name. If the plant name is not used,
set by the station name and the control drawing.
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Concepts of Scope and Privilege
Operation & monitoring scope of HIS0124.
Operation & monitoring scope of user Group-AB.
Whole Plant
Equipment
A
Equipment
B
Equipment
C
Equipment
D
Users in Group-AB:
OPS1-A: Monitoring
OPS2-A: Operation and monitoring
OPS3-A: Operation, monitoring and maintenance
Equipment
E
Operation & monitoring scope of users, OPS*-A in Group-AB
using HIS0124 and their privileges.
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User Registration
UserSec builder registers user names.
The UserSec builder also specifies user groups belong to,
privilege levels and so on.
Detailed setting items:
With detailed setting items builder, operation
and monitoring range can be specified.
Registration of user
name, user group and
privilege levels.
CENTUM users should be registered in the window above. User and user
group for MS Windows are different from the CENTUM users.
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User Group Registration
UserSec builder registers user group names.
The UserSec builder also specifies ranges of operation
and monitoring, acknowledgement and so on.
Default user groups and
their rage setting.
User group registration
and their rage setting.
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Privilege Levels
The users’ operation and monitoring rights on HIS are defined
according to privilege levels.
For each window, operation and monitoring rights can be
defined. Whether the user with a certain privilege level is
permitted to operate the specified data item can also be
defined.
The following default privilege levels are available (security level 4).
*1: Maintenance means the engineering work such as initiation of the builder.
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Privilege Levels and Ranges
Monitoring and operation ranges and so on for each user
can be customized with the detailed setting items builder.
Detailed setting items.
Operation and monitoring
range customizing sheets
for each user privilege.
Registration of monitoring
range for each user privilege.
Window authorities
(Access levels).
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User privilege levels can be
customized (U1 to U7.)
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Window Authorities Definition
The authorities on windows can be defined in the “Create
New Window” dialog.
Definition of window operation
and monitoring authority.
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Function Block Security Definition
The function block security level can be defined in the
function block detail builder basic tab.
Definition of the security level.
(Level 4 is default.)
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Mode Selection Key
When the HIS is connected with an operation keyboard, the privilege
level of the user may be changed temporarily using the mode
selection key on the keyboard. The privilege level changed on the
keyboard has higher priority than the level set in the user-in dialog box.
The following two mode selection keys are used to switch the security level:
• Operation key (Privilege level S2)
The key can be switched between the ON and OFF positions only.
• Engineering key (Privilege level S3)
The key can be switched to any position.
In the case of the operation key When the engineering key is selected.
Changes between
the ON, OFF positions.
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The key can be switched
to any position.
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Operation Mark
An operation mark attached on an instrument faceplate
temporarily restricts the user privilege levels of operation and
monitoring. Operation mark definition builder defines a tag label,
a tag level and so on.
For each operation mark, a tag
level (a privilege level) can be
assigned.
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For each operation mark, a privilege
level for the installation or removal of
the operation mark can be assigned.
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Common Items
The following items are common for engineering functions:
• Name
System generation function names basic elements such as function
blocks, windows, and so on.
• Comment
System generation function adds comments for the explanation to
function blocks, windows and so on, if necessary.
• Type of files
System generation function handles three-type of files; Builder file,
Save As file and Working file.
• Configuration of folders and files
Engineering data are configured with a unit of project.
• External file
The data defined by the builder can be exported to an external file
with a different format.
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Name (Window Name)
System generation function can name function blocks and
windows, which are basic elements of the system.
• Window name
Each window has a system defined widow name. Besides the
system defined window name, users can name some windows.
The user defined window name should be defined with English
letters (capital letter only) and numerical figures within 16
characters including ‘_’ (under score) and ‘-’ (hyphen). However, ‘_’
and ‘-’ cannot be used at the beginning.
REACTOR-A-GR
GR_REACTORA
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Name (Tag Name)
• Tag name
The names, which are assigned to identify function blocks, elements
and so on in the control stations are called tag names. There are two
kinds of the tag names; system tag names and user defined tag names.
The system tag name consists of % [element code] [element number]
S [domain number] [station number].
%SW1024S0102
The user defined tag name can be defined with English letters (capital
letters only) and numerical figures including ‘_’ (underscore) and ‘-’
(hyphen) up to 16 characters. But ‘_’ and ‘-’ cannot be used at the
beginning.
FIC1035, TIC100-A
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Type of Files
The builder configuring operation and monitoring functions,
control functions has three types of files.
• Builder file
The master file handled by the builder is called a builder file. The
file extension is .edf.
When the created file is saved with Save command or
downloaded with Download command without any error, the file
becomes the builder file.
• Save-As file
When the defined contents by the builder have errors, the file
cannot be saved with Save command. The file is saved with Save
As command. The file extension is .sva.
The SVA file may be imported to the builder for editing.
Data import and export also use SVA files.
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Type of Files
• Working file
During editing of a builder file, the file can be saved as a working file,
even the file has errors. The file extension is .wkf. If a working file is
saved, a builder file and a working file exist. Only the builder file can
be edited. When the builder file is called up, the working file may be
imported into the builder file. After editing the builder file is saved or
downloaded without errors, the working file is deleted.
A builder and a working
file of DR0007.
Working file
selection dialog.
The working file can only be imported by the corresponding builder file.
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External Files
• Import
The builder files created by other projects or other stations
can be introduced into a builder. It is referred to as Import.
• Export
The defined builder files can be output to files with different
formats. It is referred to as Export.
Station A
Control drawing
Graphic file
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Station B
Export
Builder file
SVA file
CSV file
TXT file
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Import
Control drawing
Graphic file
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Test Function
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-ENG 5
Test Function
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Types of Test
The test function is the tool to test the data and functions
created by a user with engineering functions.
Types of test
Types of tests are automatically selected by the
test function based on the project’s attribute.
Target test
Current project (FCS downloaded)
With I/O devices
Without I/O devices
Use wiring function
User defined project/default
project (FCS not
downloaded)
Virtual test
See IM33S04N10-01E PART-A Functions, A1 What is Test Function?
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Target Test
The target test uses the actual FCS for testing.
The test can be executed either using I/O modules or
wiring functions without I/O modules.
IN
HIS
FIC100 OUT
PID
I/O simulator
V net
1st order lag, dead
time or other
functions
I/O disconnection
(wiring function)
ooo
Standard FCS
TE33Q6C40-01E
70
YOKOGAWA
Virtual Test
A single PC can execute the test without CS equipment.
Virtual test function
CENTUM CS
1000/3000 system
HIS
Test
function
Operation
and
monitoring
System
generation
FCS
Multiple FCS
TE33Q6C40-01E
One PC executes
test
71
YOKOGAWA
Virtual Test Functions
The virtual test functions executes the test using a FCS
simulator for a real FCS. The FCS simulator functions on a PC.
HIS or PC
Virtual test
function
FCS
simulator
Operation /
monitoring
HIS
Disconnection from
the control network
V net
FCS
Creation and testing of the
applications do not require a special
hardware.
A general purpose PC performs
engineering and testing anywhere.
ooo
TE33Q6C40-01E
72
YOKOGAWA
Procedures of Virtual Test
Selection of tested FCS
Test function start-up
Mode changes automatically. Edge
color changes to red.
Change of HIS
operation mode
Automatic start-up. Test icon appears.
FCS simulator start-up
Automatic wiring for the function
blocks newly added during the test
operation is not performed.
Automatic wiring
Wiring edit
When the wiring file is edited, the
wiring file should be loaded manually.
Wiring load
Confirmation
TE33Q6C40-01E
73
YOKOGAWA
Wiring Function
The wiring function executes a virtual wiring between
process I/O module terminals.
This function enables the test of the control functions in the
FCS or the FCS simulator, not using real I/O devices.
FCS
Output module
A(+)
B(-)
Output modules are to be shortcircuited in the I/O disconnected
target test to avoid the output
open state (OOP).
ooo
To operate the wiring function, downloading of a wiring definition
and wiring data is needed.
See IM33S04N10-01E PART-A Functions, A5 Wiring Edit.
TE33Q6C40-01E
74
YOKOGAWA
Wiring Editing Function
The wiring editor enables to edit the connections between
I/O terminals, the delay or lag time constants and so on.
Wirings are performed automatically for
the function blocks having I/O terminals.
The wiring file is created
automatically and downloaded
to the created control drawing.
TE33Q6C40-01E
75
YOKOGAWA
Concepts of Wiring Function
The wiring function makes connections virtually between the
process I/Os not using the actual I/Os. (I/O disconnection.)
FCS control functions
TIC101
OUT
PID
IN
SET
FIC101
PID
IN
OUT
I/O image on FCS memory
Virtual data area
(Contents of the wiring file)
Lag or delay functions can
be used as a simplified
process simulation tool.
TE33Q6C40-01E
Lag/delay
function
Lag/delay
function
76
YOKOGAWA
Download Function
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-ENG 6
Download Function
TE33Q6C40-01E
77
YOKOGAWA
System Download
Difference between the HIS download and the FCS download.
System view
HIS
HIS
function
download
HIS database
Window configuration,
messages
FCS database
Block configuration,
I/O configuration
TE33Q6C40-01E
Data
transmission
to an HDD
FCS
function
download
Data are transferred to
memory by the equalize
function
At the next window
switching, revised data
becomes effective
FCS
Write on a
main memory
78
At the next scanning
period, revised data
becomes effective.
YOKOGAWA
FCS Download
The FCS download transfers the created and/or
edited database to the FCS.
Offline download
The offline download transfers all FCS related engineering data
to the FCS after stopping it.
Online download
The online download transfers the difference between the
created FCS database and the existing FCS database in the
project without stopping the FCS.
Some databases such as FCS constants cannot be online downloaded.
TE33Q6C40-01E
79
YOKOGAWA
Offline Download
Offline download operation.
Engineering database
Tuning parameter
database
Control station
Offline
download
Tuning parameter
database
Control function database
Control function database
Function block configuration,
I/O configuration
Function block configuration,
I/O configuration
Created control function database
and automatically created default
parameters.
TE33Q6C40-01E
In FCS offline downloading, a message
box prompting for saving tuning
parameters of the selected FCS appears.
80
YOKOGAWA
Tuning Parameter Save
Tuning parameter save operation.
Engineering database
Tuning
parameter
save
Tuning parameter
database
Control station
Tuning parameter
database
Control function database
Control function database
Function block configuration,
I/O configuration
Function block configuration,
I/O configuration
Parameters tuned by operators
and functions
If the tuning parameters are not saved, the default values of the tuning
parameters when each function block is created or the parameters saved before
previous downloading will be downloaded.
TE33Q6C40-01E
81
YOKOGAWA
Online Download
Online download operation.
Engineering database
Control station
Tuning parameter
database
Control function database
Tuning parameter
database
Online
download
Function block configuration,
I/O configuration
Control function database
Function block configuration,
I/O configuration
The difference between the edited control
function database and the control station
(FCS) database is downloaded.
TE33Q6C40-01E
82
YOKOGAWA
Offline / Online Download
Operation difference between the offline download
and the online download.
Engineering database
Tuning
parameter
save
Tuning parameter
database
Scope of
offline
download
Scope of
online
download
TE33Q6C40-01E
Control station
Tuning parameter
database
Offline
download
Control function database
Control function database
Function block configuration,
I/O configuration
Function block configuration,
I/O configuration
Difference of
control function
database
Parameters changed by
engineers and functions
Online
download
83
YOKOGAWA
System Download
Project common download, IOM download, HIS download and
FCS offline download can be executed from System View.
Selected FCS database is
downloaded
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-F Engineering, F1.1.5 Load Menu of System View.
TE33Q6C40-01E
84
YOKOGAWA
System Download
In the current project, as the builder file
save and the online download are
executed at the same time, ‘Download’ is
indicated on the menu.
As the online download is
impossible in a user project,
‘Download’ is not shown on the
menu. After editing, execute ‘Save’.
TE33Q6C40-01E
85
YOKOGAWA
CS1000/3000 (R3.04)
Fundamental Course Textbook
TE33Q4T30-01E
TE33Q4T30-01E
1
YOKOGAWA
CS1000/3000 Overview
CS1000/3000 Fundamental Course Textbook
PART-A CS1000/CS3000 Overview
A-1 Process Control Devices
A-2 System Overview
TE33Q4T30-01E
2
YOKOGAWA
Process Control Devices
CS1000/3000 Fundamental Course Textbook
A-1 Process Control Devices
01. Process Control Basic
02. Process Control Systems
03. Types of Control Systems
TE33Q4T30-01E
3
YOKOGAWA
Feedback Control (Regulatory Control)
Temperature
controller
Feedback Control (Regulatory Control)
Temperature
controller Temperature
converter
TIC102-B
PID
SV
(Setpoint Variable)
PV
(Process Variable)
Process
Steam
Final control
element
MV
(Manipulated Variable)
TE33Q4T30-01E
4
YOKOGAWA
Sequential Control
Start
V1:Inflow Valve
Inflow
N
Operation Panel
Level
Indicator
V1 Open
LI001
LI001
“HI”
HI
Inflow
PVI
N
Outflow
V1 Close
Outflow
N
LI001
“LO”
N
LO
V2:Outflow Valve
V2 Close
V2 Open
End
TE33Q4T30-01E
5
YOKOGAWA
Analog Control / Digital Control
Analog Control
Analog Control
In analog control, PID
computation is carried out with
an electric current or voltage
by a hardware. It is very hard
to change the control
algorithm.
High accuracy computations
used for the advanced control
are also difficult.
Digital Control
In digital control, PID
computation is carried out by
a software. It is easy to
change the control algorithm.
High accuracy computations
used for the advanced
control are also easy.
SV
+
Deviation
PID
unit
PID
–
Sensor and
Transmitter
Numerical Data
SV
+
Process
variable
Controller
PV
Deviation
CPU
–
A/D
Digital Control
D/A &
hold
PROCESS
(including control
MV
valve )
Process
variable
Controller
Sensor and
Transmitter
PV
TE33Q4T30-01E
MV
PROCESS
(including control
valve )
6
YOKOGAWA
Centralized Control System
A/D
Report
Alarm
Logger
At the initial stage, a computer
was used as a logger only for
the monitoring and logging.
Operator Station
(monitoring and logging)
CPU
(Computer)
I/O
Buffer
D/A
SPC
MPX
(Setpoint Control)
INPUT UNIT
SV
SV
PV
SV
MPX
OUTPUT
UNIT
SPC (Setpoint Control)
Then the computer was used for
setting optimum setpoints on
individual controllers.
DDC (Direct Digital Control)
And then a single computer is
used to executes control
computations for controlling
multiple control loops.
MV
TE33Q4T30-01E
I/O
Buffer
7
YOKOGAWA
Distributed Control System (1)
Node
Communication module
I/O Image
Input module
The concept of I/O
processing of the
distributed control system.
Each signal conversion
module in the node (I/O
processing unit) has a
CPU.
I/O signal processing is
distributed.
Output module
Isolato
r
CPU
Isolato
r
Data/Communication
processing
Data/Communication
processing
A/D
conversion
D/A
conversion
Signal
conversion
V/I
conversion
Analog output
Analog input
TE33Q4T30-01E
CPU
8
YOKOGAWA
Distributed Control System (2)
Distributed control and centralized
operation & monitoring
Control Network
FCU
FCU
CPU
CPU
The concept of computation
processingI/O
of Image
the distributed
control system.
Independent control stations
for each
plant.
Node
Control processing is
distributed.
FCU
CPU
CPU
I/O Image
Node
CPU
CPU
I/O Image
Node
I/O Image
I/O Image
I/O Image
I/O
I/O
I/O
Field Control Station
Plant A
TE33Q4T30-01E
Field Control Station
Plant B
9
Field Control Station
Utility
YOKOGAWA
System Overview
CS1000/CS3000 Fundamental Course Textbook
A-2 System Overview
01. Basic Concepts of DCS
02. System Configuration
TE33Q4T30-01E
10
YOKOGAWA
CENTUM CS Lineup
• CENTUM CS 3000 R3
DCS based on Windows for large-scale factories
The new production control system of Yokogawa. The CENTUM CS 3000 R3 features
sophisticated functions and components to meet all production state requirements.
• CENTUM CS 1000 R3
DCS based on Windows for small- and medium-scale factories
The CENTUM CS 1000 R3 has the same architecture as CS 3000. It is specifically
designed for the requirements for the middle and small scale plants.
• CENTUM CS
DCS based on UNIX for large-scale factories
The CENTUM CS was put on market in 1993. Since then, the CENTUM CS proudly
keeps its overwhelming high reliability.
TE33Q4T30-01E
11
YOKOGAWA
History of DCS
Development of digital control technology and Yokogawa’s DCS.
TE33Q4T30-01E
12
YOKOGAWA
Position of DCS
Total information system in manufacturing.
Customer
management
Demand
prediction
Order
reception
Production plan
Business
system
Order
Production management
DCS
Process control management
Production
system
(Production control system)
Production equipment
TE33Q4T30-01E
13
YOKOGAWA
Concepts of Modern DCS
Open information network
Operator/work station ( Open environment )
Real-time control network
Advanced control station ( RISC processor )
Field bus
Intelligent devices (with basic control functions)
TE33Q4T30-01E
14
YOKOGAWA
CENTUM CS Configuration
HIS (Operator station)
The interface functions of
operation and monitoring are
executed by HIS.
V-net
(Communication bus)
Real-time control network
TIC101
PID
FCS (Control station)
I/O operations to and from the
field, control computation and so
on are executed by FCS.
FIC101
PID
ooo
TE33Q4T30-01E
15
YOKOGAWA
CS and Single Loop Controller
YS100
Single loop
controller
16
Computation
Output conversion
TIC004
TIC003
TIC002
TIC001
Output processing
(D/A conversion)
TIC001
I/O
modules
TIC004
Input processing
(A/D conversion)
TIC003
Node
TIC002
HIS
I/O images
ESB or RIO bus
TE33Q4T30-01E
V net
TIC004
TIC003
(Field Control Unit)
TIC002
FCU
TIC001
Control computation
Input conversion
FCS
YOKOGAWA
Signal Flow in CS (Example)
Measuring range is set by each function block.
OUT
Process variable PV
Engineering data
Ex. 350 ºC
Engineering data
SET
Ex. 6.5 M3/M
FIC100
IN
TIC100
PID
PID
IN
-200 – 1200 ºC
Digital data
Terminal connection
(Soft-wiring)
Process variable PV
Engineering data
Ex. 5.2 M3/M
OUT
0 – 100 %
Digital data
0 – 100%
Digital data
I/O (PIO) connection
(Soft-wiring)
0 – 100%
Digital data
Internal RIO/ESB
bus communication
I/O images
-200 – 1200 ºC
Digital data
0 – 100 %
Digital data
A/D
-5.9 – 48.8mV
Analog data
A/D
4 - 20mA
Analog data
-200 – 1200 ºC
Type K TC
TE33Q4T30-01E
D/A
4 - 20mA
Analog data
Field device connection
(Hard-wiring)
0 - 10.0 M3/M
17
YOKOGAWA
System Function Concept
Production Management (MES*, PIM**)
Ethernet communication
Operation & Monitoring
Function (HIS)
Engineering Function* (ENG)
*Can be executed by HIS.
V-net/VL-net communication
Control Function (FCS)
CENTUM CS1000/CS3000
*MES:
Manufacturing Execution System
Subsystem
(PLC, DARWIN etc)
Process I/O,
Subsystem I/O,
Fieldbus I/O etc.
**PIM:
Plant Information Management
Field Devices (Production Plant)
TE33Q4T30-01E
18
YOKOGAWA
Features of Operation & Monitoring Functions
Features of HIS operation and monitoring functions:
■ Keeping abreast of the operation environments for the modern technology
The human-machine interface (HMI) uses a generic PC and Windows 2000 or Windows XP. This
allows to use the most modern PC as a hardware and to keep abreast of the development of
Windows as software.
■ Integration of the PC and DCS
HIS operation is done by the mouse as the operation for the general applications for Windows.
Displayed diagrams and operation methods are the same as the conventional DCS. It allows to
accustom to the operation environments easy.
■ Many-sided operation environments for plant operating conditions
The maximum of 4000 user-defined windows are provides for the CENTUM CS 3000*. It allows to
create display windows freely for the operation environments. The plant can be operated not only by
an optional operation keyboard or touch panels as in the conventional DCS, but also by the mouse as
in the office PC.
Maximum 1000 for CENTUM CS 1000.
TE33Q4T30-01E
19
YOKOGAWA
Features of Control Functions
Features of the control functions of FCS:
■ High reliability control
The highly reliable dual-redundant controller used for many years is employed to realize non-stop
control.
■ The optimum control stations selectable for a scale or conditions of plant
The standard (centralized) type that controls many distributed I/O points by a control unit or the
compact (distributed) type that controls by distributing the control units in a plant, which enables high
speed communications by distributing the load of control.
These control stations can be used up to *256 for a system. It enables to cope with from a small scale
plant to a very large scale plant. (* 24 stations for CENTUM 1000)
■ Control functions that easily realizes the various applications for the plant
By not only a standard PID control and a sequential control function, but also a batch control function
based on the ISA S88 standard, the control functions can cope with from a mass production to a
flexible production (many-kinds and small-quantity).
■ Coping with intelligent field devices
The control load can be distributed to a field side with the FOUNDATION fieldbus. This increases an
operation efficiency of the control stations that enables the advanced controls. The parameters in
devices regardless of vendors can be read in the DCS.
TE33Q4T30-01E
20
YOKOGAWA
Features of Engineering Functions
Features of the engineering functions of ENG:
■ Easy creation of functions
The system is created with the software on a generic PC in interactive way and with the
minimum settings.
Engineering data can be reused and edited with general Windows software. This
enables standardization and parallel engineering and leads to a higher quality and a
reduction of engineering time.
The simulator that has the same data base as the actual controller can be operated on
a generic PC. It realizes the environments of the actual operations (virtual test function).
A single loop test without an actual controller or an experimental system configuration
test is enabled.
■ On-line documentation
All of the users manuals is electronic documents and they are provided with CD-ROM’s.
The file format is PDF (Portable Document Format) that is the standard electronic
documents on the internet.
These electronic documents can be read not only in sequence as in the usual
documents, but also can be read and printed on demand during engineering.
TE33Q4T30-01E
21
YOKOGAWA
System Configuration (CS1000)
Console type HIS
Desktop type HIS
No. of monitoring tags: 8,000
No. of stations: 24
No. of domain: 1
No. of HIS: Max. 8
VL-net extension: 185 m*
Ethernet
(Optional)
VL-net
Compact type PFCS
* Extension length is for 10Base2 cable.
TE33Q4T30-01E
22
YOKOGAWA
System Configuration (CS3000 small)
Console type HIS
Ethernet
Desktop type HIS
No. of monitoring tags: 8,000
No. of stations: 256
No. of domains: 16
No. of stations per domain: 64
No. of HIS: Max. 16
V-net extension: 500m*
Communication
gateway unit
CGW
V-net
Bus Converter
BCV
CS3000 in
another domain
or XL/μXL
Compact type FFCS-S
(for FIO)
Supervisory computer
Out of the system
The BCV connects the stations on the V/VL-net on another domain. Other
non-V net systems manufactured by Yokogawa may be connected via BCV.
* Extension length is for 10Base5 cable.
TE33Q4T30-01E
23
YOKOGAWA
System Configuration (CS3000)
Console type HIS
Desktop type HIS
No. of monitoring tags: 100,000
(Expandable up to 1,000,000)
No. of stations: 256
No. of domains: 16
No. of stations per domain: 64
No. of HIS: Max. 16
V-net extension: 500m*
Ethernet
Communication
gateway unit
CGW
V-net
Bus converter
BCV
CS3000 in
another domain
or XL/μXL
Compact Type
SFCS
ooo
ooo
Supervisory computer
Out of the system
(Sub-system)
Standard FCS Standard FCS
(for RIO)
(for FIO)
* Extension length is for 10Base5 cable.
TE33Q4T30-01E
24
YOKOGAWA
Engineering Environment in TC
Ethernet
HIS 0124
HIS 0123
Engineering data
VL net
Left-hand side HIS is HIS0124, which
has an engineering database. (Use
Reactor A control system.)
FCS 0101
(PFCS)
Right-hand side HIS is HIS0123, which
has no engineering database.
HIS0123 shares the database with
HIS0124. (Use Reactor B control
system.)
HIS0124 should be activated before HIS0123.
TE33Q4T30-01E
25
YOKOGAWA
Sub-system Integration
Desktop type HIS
Ethernet
General-purpose PC
The subsystem
communication function
enables CENTUM to
use the data of PLC’s,
recorders, measuring
systems as the data
from process I/O.
GSGW
(OPC client)
V-net
Compact
Type
FCS
OPC*
Server
General-purpose
subsystem gateway
Subsystem
communication
module
Subsystem
communication network
Subsystem communication network
Subsystem
Subsystem
* OPC: OLE for Process Control
TE33Q4T30-01E
26
YOKOGAWA
Remote Desktop Function
HIS
LAN
Internet /
Intranet
V-net
PC
ooo
LFCS
TE33Q4T30-01E
KFCS
The remote desktop function of Windows XP Professional enables to
use the functions of CENTUM CS 3000 from the remote location. By
logging on the host machine from a client machine, the client machine
can execute operation and monitoring or builder functions. It is also
possible to log on the host machine via internet.
27
YOKOGAWA
Operation & Monitoring Station (HIS)
CS1000/3000 Fundamental Course Textbook
PART-B Operation and Monitoring Station
B-1 Operation and Monitoring Common Items
B-2 System Message and Navigator Windows
B-3 Standard Operation and Monitoring Windows
Desk Top HIS
Open Style
Console HIS
TE33Q4T30-01E
Solid Style
Console HIS
1
YOKOGAWA
Common Items
CS1000/3000 Fundamental Course Textbook
B-1 Operation and Monitoring Common Items
01. Operation and Monitoring Station (HIS)
02. Configuration of Operation and Monitoring Stations
03. HIS Desktop
Window Mode
Operational Environment of Desktop
04. Window Size
05. Window Name
06. Window Hierarchy
07. Window Closing
08. Circulate Windows
09. Dynamic Window Set
10. Print Screen
11. Rotate Windows
12. Panel Set
13. Operation Group
TE33Q4T30-01E
2
YOKOGAWA
Operation & Monitoring Station (HIS)
Solid Style Console
18” LCD / 21” Upper CRT
(Optional)
Touch panel (Optional)
18” LCD / 21” CRT
General Purpose PC
Drawer
Operation Keyboard
Engineering Keyboard
(Keyboard for PC)
TE33Q4T30-01E
Mouse
(Mouse for PC)
3
Solid Style Console Kit
YOKOGAWA
Operation & Monitoring Station (HIS)
Open Style Console
18” Upper LCD
(Optional)
Touch panel
(Optional)
18” LCD
Operation Keyboard
(Optional)
Drawer
Engineering Keyboard
(Keyboard for PC)
TE33Q4T30-01E
General Purpose PC
Mouse
(Mouse for PC)
4
Open Style
Console Kit
YOKOGAWA
Console Type HIS
Open style
console
Solid style
console
Mouse pad
Drawer for
engineering
keyboard
TE33Q4T30-01E
5
YOKOGAWA
General Purpose PC in Console
General purpose PC in a console.
The merit of using general purpose
PC:
• The latest hardware models are
available.
• Easy hardware maintenance.
• Out of dated hardware can be easily
renewed with a minimum investment.
TE33Q4T30-01E
6
YOKOGAWA
Cards Installed in PC
Two kinds of card are installed to the PC for using the PC
exclusively as the HIS.
• Control bus interface card (VF701*):
The card is the V-net/VL-net system communication card, which
is installed to the PC/AT compatible PC.
* Every HIS needs this card.
• Extended interface card for a Console Type HIS (AIP261**):
The card connects with the interface relay board attached to the power
distribution board via a dedicated cable. It realizes functions such as
communication with the operation keyboard and the touch panels,
monitoring the temperature and fans, and output/input of contact signals.
** This card is not necessary for a desk top HIS, as the HIS does not
use a console kit.
TE33Q4T30-01E
7
YOKOGAWA
Control Bus Interface Card (VF701)
The control bus interface card is installed in a PCI slot of the
general purpose PC. The card connects the PC to V-net/VLnet for communication.
TE33Q4T30-01E
8
YOKOGAWA
Operation Keyboard (Optional)
Operation keyboard for single loop operation (desk top type HIS).
Mode transfer
key switch
Built-in speaker
32 Function keys
Confirmation keys
Window call keys
Scroll keys
Data input keys
Cursor move keys
Alarm acknowledgement keys
The operation keyboard for the console type HIS enables 8-loop operation at a time.
TE33Q4T30-01E
9
YOKOGAWA
Operation Keyboard
Operation keys on keyboard
Process alarm
window call
Overview
window call
Operator
guide
window call
System
status
overview
window call
Control
window call
Navigator
window call
Trend
window call
Upper
window call
Auxiliary
Circulate
TE33Q4T30-01E
Tuning
Graphic window
window call
call
window
erase
Process report
window call
Help dialog
call
Print screen
Buzzer rest
Left sibling
window call
Cursor
move
Display
Alarm
acknowledgment
Right sibling
window call
10
YOKOGAWA
Operation Keys for Instruments
Target key: The key transfers operating data from MV to SV during manual
mode (MAN).
INC key: The key increases data. 1 % of full-scale data increases every 0.2
seconds while the key is pressed. It takes 20 seconds to change 100%.
DEC key: The key decreases data. 1 % of full-scale data decreases every
0.2 seconds while the key is pressed. It takes 20 seconds to change 100%.
Speed-up key: Pressing this key together with INC key or DEC key
accelerates the changing speed 4 times.
CAS key: The key transfers the block mode to cascade (CAS) or semiautomatic mode (SEMI). Pressing this key together with AUT key transfers to
cascade mode, with MAN key transfers to semi-automatic mode.
MAN key: The key transfers the block mode to manual (MAN).
AUT key: The key transfers the block mode to automatic (AUT).
TE33Q4T30-01E
11
YOKOGAWA
Access Mode Transfer Key Switch
Builder operation is only
possible in ENG mode.
TE33Q4T30-01E
12
YOKOGAWA
Operation and Monitoring Functions
Basic functions for operation and monitoring:
• Operation and monitoring window functions as graphic windows.
• Trend window functions to save and redisplay trends.
• Message window functions to output operator guide and alarm messages.
• Function key functions that simplify operations. (Operation keyboard)
TE33Q4T30-01E
13
YOKOGAWA
Operation and Monitoring Functions
Common Functions
Window Call
Operation window mode
System message window
Window hierarchy
Navigator window
Dynamic window set
Circulate function
Alarm processing function
Print screen function
Operation & Monitoring
Support Functions
Operation & Monitoring
Windows
Graphic window
Control window
System status overview window
System alarm window
Overview window
Tuning window
FCS status display window
BCV status display window
Trend window
Process alarm window
HIS setup window
Time set dialog
Ope. Guide window
Message monitoring window
Help dialog
Control Status
Display Windows
Process report function
Historical message report function
Control drawing window
Sequence table window
Security function
Logic chart window
SEBOL window
Logging function
Desktop setting function
Voice message function
ITV connecting function
Multiple monitoring function
Extended alarm filtering function
Remote desktop function
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System Maintenance
Functions
SFC window
FCS Data Set /
Save Functions
Web Monitoring Functions
Builder Definition
Referring Functions
14
Trend Functions
Trend
Tuning trend
Trend display of other stations
Long term data saving function
Expert trend display function
Output function to external
recorder
Open Interface
Historical Message
Integration
YOKOGAWA
Capacities
The table shows the operation and monitoring function capacity.
CS1000
CS3000
No. of monitoring tags
No. of user defined windows
Communication data of graphic window
Modify conditions of graphic window
Modify conditions of object
No. of faceplate display
8,000 tags
1,000 / HIS
200 / windows
100 / windows
8 / object
16 windows
100,000 tags
4,000 / HIS
400 / windows
200 / windows
8 / object
16 windows
No. of trend samples
No. of trend window display pens
Tuning trend periods
No. of tuning trend reserve points
No. of 1 sec/10 sec trend points
No. of 1 min to 10 min trend points
No. of total trends
No. of other station trends
2,880 data
8 pens
1 second
16 points
256 points (2 blocks)
1,024 points (8 blocks)
1,024 points (8 blocks)
1,024 points (8 blocks)
2,880 data
8 pens
1 second
16 points
256 points (2 blocks)
2,560 points (20 blocks)
6,500 points (50 blocks)
3,840 points (30 blocks)
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HIS Desktop
Screen modes and operation environments can be set on the
HIS desktop according to operation customs and security.
Screen Mode: Either full screen
mode or window mode is
selectable. (HIS Setup)
Operation Environment: Either
Windows standard or CENTUM
desktop is selectable. (HIS Utility)
Operation environment setting requires
the system administrator authority and
HIS restart. Environment switching
during operation is not possible.
When both full screen mode and CENTUM
desktop are used, the display similar to
CENTUM CS displays are obtained.
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Operation Screen Mode
There two operation screen modes:
Full screen mode and window mode.
Full Screen Mode:
The mode that displays a
window over the entire screen.
Window Mode:
The mode that displays
windows in the usual form of
overlapped windows.
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Full Screen Mode
In the full screen mode, a single operation and monitoring window,
excluding a system message window, is displayed over the entire
screen. That window is called a main (or primary) window and other
windows are called auxiliary (or secondary) windows.
Window is displayed as the main
window when the window is called
without size specification or –SL
specification.
Window is displayed as the
auxiliary window when the
window is called with –SM or
-SC specification.
A single main window and 5 auxiliary windows can be displayed on default setting.
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Window Mode
In the window mode, all the windows are displayed overlapped in
Windows way. Maximize, minimize, close operations and so on
are the same as Windows general applications.
Operation buttons
are displayed as the
windows applications.
Up to 6 operation and monitoring windows can be displayed on default setting.
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Mode Switching
Operation and monitoring screen mode of CS1000/CS3000
can be switched from HIS setup window.
Screen mode switching
(Needs HIS restart)
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HIS Desktop Operation Environment
Two desktop environments are provided for CS1000/CS3000.
● Windows Standard
Environment:
The standard desktop when
the Windows was installed.
The standard Windows
operation, such as to start
general applications or to
access to the network can
be executed during the
operation and monitoring of
process.
Shutdown and restart operations of HIS are the same as the operations of a usual PC.
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HIS Desktop Operation Environment
● CENTUM Desktop Environment:
The environment that emphasizes on process operation and
monitoring. Main differences from Windows environments are;
•[Shutdown], [Run] and [Search] won’t
be displayed on the [Start] menu.
•Neither command prompt nor Explorer
can be started.
•No icons on the desktop.
•Context menu may not be displayed
by right-clicking the taskbar.
Shutdown and restart operations of HIS require S3 privilege.
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Desktop Environment Setup
The switching of the
desktop environment
is specified with HIS
utility dialog by the
system administrator.
When [Auto logon] and
[Startup] are ticked, the HIS
starts when the power for
the HIS turns on.
Desktop environment setup
Automatic startup of operation and monitoring functions of HIS are also set
by this utility.
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Window Display Size
The window display size can be selected from the following three
sizes:
In window mode:
• When the Large size is specified (-SL) : 80% width of the screen
• When the Medium size is specified (-SM): 50% width of the screen
• When the Special size is specified (-SC): The size varies with the
design at creation. (No scaling, Individual windows)
In full screen mode:
• When
the Large size is specified (-SL) : 100% width of the screen
(The large size window is referred to as a main window, and other windows
are as auxiliary windows.)
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Display Position
The display position of the called window can be specified beforehand.
The display position is specified using X and Y coordinates. The
specification range falls within 0 to 32676.
The window display position is specified in the format given below:
=+X coordinate + Y coordinate
100
X coordinate ：
The X coordinate the left
edge of the screen is set
as origin.
200
(+200,+100)
Y coordinate ：
The Y coordinate the
upper edge of the screen
is set as origin.
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Name (Window Name)
• Window Name:
Each window has its own window name. The window can be called
by entering the window name in [Input Window Name] dialog on the
system message window.
Built-in system window name (System window name) and userdefined window name (User-defined window name) are provided.
System Window Name: (The system widow names are seldom used in
the actual operation.)
Built-in system windows can be called.
Ex.
.AL (Process alarm window)
.SO (System status overview window)
User-defined Window Name:
User-defined window names are used to call user defined graphic windows
and so on.
User-defined window name can be defined freely with up to 16 letters of
English (upper case only) including underscores and hyphens.
Ex.
REACT-A-GR
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Name (Tag Name)
• Tag name:
The names, which are assigned to identify function blocks, elements
and so on in the control stations are called tag names. There are two
kinds of the tag names; system tag names and user-defined tag names.
System tag name:
The system tag name is the built-in default tag name and used to call
elements and so on. It consists of % [element code] [element number]
S [domain number] [station number].
Ex.
%SW0100S0101 (common switch)
The system tag name format. %aabbbbSccdd
aa: Element identifier bbbb: Element No. cc: Domain No. dd: Station No.
User-defined tag name:
Used to call user-defined function blocks or elements. The userdefined tag name can be defined freely with up to 16 letters (upper
case only) and numerical figures including underscores and hyphens.
Ex.
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Window Hierarchy
Every operation and monitoring window can be organized
systematically based on the concept “window hierarchy”.
The window hierarchy enables calling a window in the lower
hierarchy from one in the upper hierarchy, and alarm monitoring
operation.
Hierarchy 1 (Upper)
Hierarchy 2
Hierarchy 3 (Lower)
When a window hierarchy is used, the desired window can be called directly
without having to remember the window name. Also the hierarchical relationship
of the windows can be understood visually.
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Calling up Window
● Calling Operation and Monitoring Window Directly
This method calls a window directly by selecting a button of the window
or by entering the window name.
• Calling windows from the system message window.
• Calling windows from the navigator window.
• Calling windows by entering its name.
• Calling windows from the operation and monitoring window toolbar.
• Calling windows based on window calling definition.
• Calling windows from the operation keyboard.
● Calling Windows in Association with the Function Blocks
This method calls windows by selecting objects or messages associated
with the function blocks.
● Calling Windows based on the Window Hierarchy
This method calls windows by using the window calling buttons provided
by the system message window or operation keyboard based on a
reference window.
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System Message Window
The system message window provides following menu buttons:
• Toolbox button
• Preset menu button
• Operation menu button
• Window call menu button
Clicking these buttons displays menus
and a toolbox that are used to call the
operation and monitoring windows.
An example of calling
a window from
[Window Call Menu]
button on the system
message window.
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Navigator Window
In the navigator window, the window hierarchy is displayed
together with the window icons.
From the navigator window, a specific window in the hierarchy can be called
up, or an upper window or a sibling window of the current window can be
called up.
An example of calling
a specific window from
the navigator window.
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Entering Window Name (1)
The name input dialog box is called from the system message
window or the operation keyboard to enter the window name.
Input Format in the Input Window Name Dialog Box:
The following is the input format used when calling up windows from the Input
Window Name dialog box.
Window name {nFunction type}
{nDisplay size} {nDisplay position}
100
200
{ }: Items in brackets can be omitted.
n: A space
Lower case characters change
automatically to upper-case
characters.
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Entering Window Name (2)
Recalling a Window:
Up to 8 window names previously entered in the name input
dialog box are saved.
By clicking the window name display button, the saved window names
are displayed in the pull-down menu.
To call up a window, select the window name and then click on [OK]
button.
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Toolbar
Associated windows can be called using the call button
provided in the operation and monitoring window toolbar.
Example: The toolbar of the
tuning window provides buttons to
call associated windows with the
function block (control drawing
window).
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Window Call Definition
By assigning a window call function to a graphic or a function
key beforehand using the system generation function, a window
can be called by operating the graphic object or the function key.
Example: By double clicking on the
touch target (object) assigned on the
tag name, defined tuning window of
the tag can be directly called.
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Operation Keyboard
An operation and monitoring window can be called up
directly by pressing the window call key.
Window call key
A graphic window can be directly called
from the graphic window call key.
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Function Blocks
When a window calling button or key is operated while
selecting an object or message associated with the
function block, the window associated with the selected
function block can be called directly.
For example, when the function block TIC102-A is
being selected, from the tool box:
The trend window containing the
selected function block is called.
The process alarm individual
acknowledge window associated with
the selected function block is called.
The help dialog associated with the
selected function block is called.
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Window Call by Hierarchy (1)
When window call buttons or keys are operated while no
object or message is selected in the window, the reference
window based on the window hierarchy or the window related
to the window that is active at the time of the call is called up.
However, when an upper window is defined with the function block
definition builder, the defined window is called up first.
When the upper window is defined, the defined upper window can be called
neglecting the window hierarchy for the operation and monitoring functions.
An upper window can be freely
defined with the builder function.
Window hierarchy
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Window Call by Hierarchy (2)
When window call buttons or keys are operated while no
object or message is selected in the window, the window
based on the reference window is called up.
For example, from the tool box:
Previously displayed trend window is called.
When no previous trend window exists, the
most upper window in the hierarchy is called.
All alarms are displayed.
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Window Call by Hierarchy (3)
When a user-defined window call button in the system message
window is clicked while the user-defined window is active, the
user-defined window that is lower in hierarchy is called.
For example, while REACT-A-OV
window is active, the graphic call button
is clicked, REACT-A-GR window which
is lower in hierarchy is called.
Active window
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Upper Hierarchy Window Call
When the active window has an upper hierarchy window,
that upper hierarchy window can be called.
For example, while REACT-A-CG2
window is active, the upper window call
button is clicked, REACT-A-OV window
which is upper in hierarchy is called.
Upper hierarchy window
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Sibling Window Call
Widows of the same type and belonging to the same
window hierarchy are called sibling windows.
When a displayed window has sibling windows, by clicking on the
right or left hierarchy widow call button in the toolbox, the sibling
window is called.
For example, while REACT-A-OV
window is active, the right sibling
window call button is clicked, REACTB-OV window which is in the same
hierarchy is called.
Windows of the same type and same hierarchy.
The left button calls the upper located and the right button calls lower
located sibling window.
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Display Always Window
A total of up to 6 operation and monitoring windows can be
displayed at one time. If an additional operation and monitoring
window not currently displayed is called up, when already 6
operation and monitoring windows are displayed, the first
displayed window is erased and newly called window is displayed.
When [Display always] is in effect, the operations and monitoring window
specified as [Display always] won’t be erased even new operation and
monitoring window is called.
Default setting
Display always
Any number of operation and monitoring windows can be specified as the
[Display always] window. It is possible to specify 6 windows as [Display always].
However, window erasing is the same for the windows not [Display always].
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Window Closing
The method to close each window is the same as to close
the Windows general application windows.
Window close button
Close All Windows:
All windows can be closed with [Clear all] button in the system message
window or [Clear all] key on the operation keyboard.
Clear all button
[Clear all] button on the operation and monitoring window closes all
operation and monitoring windows except the system message window.
(The Windows general application windows are not included.)
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Circulate Windows
The window circulate function toggles between the top and
bottom positions of the operation and monitoring window
group and the Windows general application window group.
Circulate button
Circulate operation
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Dynamic Window Set
The dynamic window set saves the currently displayed
operation and monitoring windows with window names, display
positions, display sizes and so on as a dynamic window set.
Dynamic window
set save button
Dynamic window
set release button
For example, save the
active REACT-A-CG window
displaying multiple windows
as a dynamic window set.
When the REACT-A-CG
window is recalled, the
saved window set is
displayed.
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Dynamic Window Set
The dynamic widow set common for all users and the dynamic
widow set for each user exist. It is defied with the HIS setup
window.
Saved dynamic
window set can be
confirmed.
Up to 50 dynamic widow sets can be saved. If the multiple save operations are
executed for the same reference window, only the last window set is saved.
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Print Screen
The print screen function prints or stores in a file or output to
a printer the entire screen or the window image (Max. 10
files). The screen image stored in the file can be displayed
in the image window.
Window name is ‘Image’.
Copy button in the toolbar
stores screen image.
Image file display button in the
tool box calls the image window.
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Rotate Windows
The window rotate function toggles between the top and
bottom positions of the operation and monitoring windows.
Rotate button
Rotate operation
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Panel Set (CS3000)
The panel set function enables to call up multiple windows
together to multiple HIS. Combination of several windows that
are frequently used can be defined as a panel set and the panel
set can be called up with one-touch operation. (CS3000 function)
The panel set call operation defined on a function key displays
the defined panel set on the own HIS, or notifies the panel set
name to other HIS that is defined by the builder. The other HIS
display the notified panel set.
HIS0124
PSET operation
of HIS0124
HIS0123
PSET
notification to
HIS0123
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Operation Group and Buzzer ACK ID
•Operation Group
A number of HIS on the same communication bus system configured
as the same operation group. The operation and monitoring can be
performed in the unit of group. This group is called an operation
group.
The operation group functions are such as the acknowledgement of
operator guide messages, panel set call and the deletion of
messages.
•Buzzer ACK ID
A number of HIS on the same communication bus system is able to
have the same buzzer ACK ID.
The buzzer ACK ID is the function to reset the buzzer of other HIS
having the same buzzer ACK ID by the acknowledge operation with a
single HIS.
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System Message and Navigator Windows
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
B-2 System Message and Navigator Windows
01. System Message Window
02. Navigator Window
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System Message Window
System message window of CS1000/CS3000 (Window mode)
System message window
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System Message Window
The system message window consists of a toolbar, message
display area, icon display area and date and time display area.
Displays the latest alarms and messages and calls various
operation and monitoring windows via button operation. This
window enables basic operation and monitoring of a plant
collectively.
The system message window is called up automatically when HIS
starts up. The window is displayed at the front of other windows
except the toolbox.
Toolbar
Date and time display area
Icon display area
Message display area
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Toolbar
The toolbar is used to call the operation and monitoring
windows. It also indicates the status of generated alarms by
its button color and flashing state.
Circulate
Process alarm window *
System alarm window *
Clear-all
Buzzer reset
Operator guide window *
Hard copy
Message monitoring
window
User-in dialog
¤ Window call menu
¤ Operation menu
Name input dialog
Navigator window
¤ Toolbox
¤ Pull-down menu exists.
* Color and flashing state may change.
¤ Preset window menu
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Tool Box
Display always
Image
Rotate
System status display
Help
Large size
Process alarm
Operator guide
Middle size
Builder call *
Drawing call *
Control
* Optional
Release window set
Tuning
Save window set
Trend
Overview
Graphic
Process report
Historical report
Right (Sibling window call downward)
Upper
Left (Sibling window call upward)
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Tool-hint
When the mouse cursor is brought near a tool button, the
tool-hint (button name) may popped up.
If not, click on the toolbar to make active and try again.
Toolbar ( system message window)
Toolbox
Toolbox
Graphic
The form of the toolbox can be changed
and displayed always. A window call with a
single action is possible without an
operation keyboard.
See Supplement II. Toolbars of Various Windows.
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Menu Display from Toolbar
Toolbox
Preset window menu
Operation menu
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Message Display Area
On the message display area of the system message
window, the latest unacknowledged single message
among process alarm messages, annunciator messages
and system alarm messages is displayed.
When unacknowledged messages exist, the corresponding buttons
may flash.
When the message display button or the message display area is
clicked, the latest 5 unacknowledged messages are pull-down
displayed.
Message display area
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Icon Display Area
In the icon display area of the system message window, icons that
indicate the state of the own station or the system is displayed.
System view is operating
Icon display area
Under virtual test
I/O is disconnected (Under test condition)
Equalization is required
Isolated HIS
No icons are displayed while the operation is normal.
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Navigator Window
HIS classifies all user-defined windows used for the operation and
monitoring, and displays hierarchically. With this display, the user
can grasp the architecture of the windows used in the system at a
glance. The window is called the navigator window.
Toolbar
User-defined windows
Hierarchical pane
Window pane
System-defined windows
Recipe-related windows
Status bar
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Toolbar in Navigator Window
The navigator window consists of a toolbar, a window
hierarchy display area and a status bar.
Selected window call (similar to a double-clicking)
Display window in large size
Display window in middle size
Move to the currently active window pane.
Display window in default size.
When the window saved as a reference
window of a window set is called up in
default size, the window set is displayed.
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Icons in Navigator Window
On the side of the window names in the navigator widow, the
icons that indicate the widow types are displayed.
Top hierarchy (User-defined window, system window, receipt related window)
Graphic window (overview attribute)
System status overview window
Graphic window (graphic attribute)
HIS setup window
Graphic window (control attribute)
System alarm window
Trend window
FCS status display window
Process alarm window
BCV status display window
Operator guide window
Process report window
Shortcut window
(e.g. for graphic window)
Product overview window
Product control window
Icons frequently used window types.
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Alarm Display in Navigator Window
The colors of the icons for windows that indicate states of alarms or
messages change according to the alarm occurrence status. The users,
therefore, can visually determine in which of the function block being
monitored in the window is generating the alarm.
• Entire icon is red
Indicates there is an unacknowledged alarm.
• Entire icon is green
Indicates that the alarm returned to
normal state but not acknowledged.
• Icon’s edge is red
Indicates there is an acknowledged alarm.
• Icon’s edge is green
Indicates that no alarm occurs.
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Standard Windows
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
B-3 Standard Operation and Monitoring Windows
01. Faceplate Window
02. Graphic Window
03. Overview Window
04. Control Window
05. Tuning Window
06. Trend Window
07. Process Alarm Window
08. Operator Guide Window
09. Message Monitoring Window
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Faceplate Window
The faceplate window is used not
only for monitoring but also for
setting or operating directly any
function blocks (controllers,
indicators, transfer switches etc.)
and internal elements (internal
switches, timers, counters etc.)
defined in the control system.
One faceplate window is provided
for each function block and
internal element. The instrument
faceplate that is called up directly
is referred to as the faceplate
window.
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Faceplate Window Configuration
The instrument faceplate consists of the
following elements:
Comment display area
Status display area
Parameter display area
Instrument display area
Operation mark
Data entry dialog box call button
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Status / Parameter Display Area
The status display area and the parameter display
area consist of the following elements:
Tag mark
Cascade mark
(AOF color)
Block mode
CAL AOF
Alarm OFF status
Alarm status
Engineering unit
Calibration status
Data item name
According to the type of instruments or
control functions block status or CMP
mark may be displayed.
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Tag Mark Type
The tag mark indicates the tag importance level and the status of
the function block. All function blocks have the tag mark. There are
following types of the tag mark according to its importance level:
Auxiliary tag
General tag
Important tag
The functions related to the tag
importance are as follows:
Acknowledgement at operation.
Alarm flashing.
Alarm re-warning.
● Important tag
Alarm processing level 1
Locked type flashing with rewarning function
Acknowledgement required at
operation
● General tag
Alarm processing level 2
Locked type flashing
See Supplement III. Alarm Priority.
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● Auxiliary tag
Alarm processing level 3
Non-locked type flashing
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Tag Mark Color
The table below shows an example of the tag mark color
and alarm status correspondence.
Color
Process Status
Examples of Alarm Status
Blue
Alarm output off
AOF
Red
Alarm occurrence
LO, HI, IOP, LL, HH, OOP
Yellow
Alarm occurrence
±DV, ±VEL, MLO, MHI
Green
Normal
NR
White
No alarm function provided
-
Gray
Communication error
-
Flashing red
Alarm message has been initiated but not been acknowledged.
Flashing green
Alarm recovery message has been initiated but not been acknowledged.
Constant red or green
Alarm message or recovery message has been initiated and acknowledged.
See Supplement V. Alarm Status.
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Alarm Actions
High and medium priority alarm.
Low priority alarm.
Logging and reference alarm.
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Re-warning Alarm
• Timer repeated warning:
The timer repeated warning function outputs the message at
each repeated warning cycle.
Operation by re-warning
Acknowledgement
Operation by re-warning
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Flashing state of Tag Mark
Tag mark color and flashing states transition.
Alarm
absent state
Flashing
OFF
Acknowledgement
Alarm
absent state
Flashing
ON
Occurrence
Recovery
Alarm
present
state
Flashing
OFF
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(Non-lock type)
Recovery
Acknowledgement
Re-warning
(High-priority alarm)
73
Occurrence
Alarm
present
state
Flashing
ON
YOKOGAWA
Display Area of Instrument
The display area of the instrument provides the bars that
represent the manipulated output variable (MV) high and low
limit, and the setpoint variable (SV) high, high-high, low, and
low-low limit.
Operation setpoint high-high limit (HH)
MV index (OPHI)
Operation setpoint high limit (PH)
MV high limit (MH)
Operation setpoint operation limit bar
MV operation key
SV operation key
MV operation limit bar
MV low limit (ML)
Operation setpoint low limit (PL)
PV bar
Operation setpoint low-low limit (LL)
MV index (OPLO)
Open/Close mark
The operation exceeding limit values needs confirm operation.
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Operation of Instrument Faceplate
The following operations are possible
with the instrument faceplate:
• Block mode transfer
• INC/DEC of data
• Data input
Block mode transfer operation:
A single click on the block mode
calls a bock mode transfer dialog.
MAN
(Manual)
AUT
(Auto)
CAS
(Cascade)
Mode change is also possible with the mode
change keys on the operation keyboard.
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INHIBIT
YOKOGAWA
Operation of Instrument Faceplate
Data INC/DEC
operation:
Data input operation:
When the data input dialog of the
instrument faceplate is clicked,
the data input dialog appears.
The data item that corresponds to
the red pointer appears. The data
item can be selected by the item
selection button.
When an operable pointer*
is clicked, the INC/DEC
operation dialog
corresponding to the
pointer appears.
INC/DEC operation button
* [MAN]: MV & SV, [AUT]:
SV, [CAS]: When the MV or SV is being
manipulated, the pointer turns
to red. When it is not
manipulated, it turns to yellow.
Item selection button
Data input area
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Graphic Window
The graphic window with graphic attribute is the pane that
users can freely create using various objects in order to
recognize visually the state of the process control.
Setting operation:
Necessary instruments
can be called by intuition.
It makes the operation
simple and certain.
State monitoring:
The state of pipe lines, valves,
reactors and so on is
displayed with different colors.
It makes grasping the overall
condition easier.
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Structure of Graphic Window
Image output
Alarm acknowledgement
Instrument assignment dialog
Data-bind transfer switch
(Displayed only for data-bind function)
Zooming dialog
Toolbar
Instrument
faceplate display
Graphic
display area
Elements consisting the toolbar are common for graphic, overview and control windows.
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Data Bind Function
System A
Raw material
FIC FIC101
Heating
FIC FIC201
Heating
TIC TIC201
Level LIC201
System A Charging
FIC101
PV=XXXXL/M
PID
Raw material
PV=XXXX
System B
Raw material
FIC FIC102
Heating
FIC FIC202
Heating
TIC TIC202
Level LIC202
TIC201
PID
When the system A
PV=XXXXL/M
is selected, tag
names and data of
the system A
substitute to display. Steam
TE33Q4T30-01E
Tank level
FIC201
PID
79
When the system B
is selected, tag
names and data of
the system B
substitute to display.
YOKOGAWA
Instrument Faceplate Assignment
The instrument faceplate assignment can be changed
temporary with the instrument assignment dialog. However,
the Instrument faceplate size may not be changed.
The defined instrument faceplate assignment is peculiar to the HIS that
changed the assignment. If the graphic window definition is downloaded by
the builder, this temporary defined assignment is no more effective.
Displayed
instrument
faceplate
Instrument faceplate
assignment button
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Overview Window
The overview window (a graphic window with overview attribute) is
the window that collectively displays alarm status and so on for
monitoring the process with assigned overview objects. This window
that has the function to call up related windows can be used as a
menu window by posting it to the top hierarchy of monitoring
windows of overall plant.
Overview object:
Tag name, window name,
annunciator message or comment
can be assigned on the overview
object. Window switching function
by touch target assignment and
color modify function for alarm are
also provided.
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Control Window (8-Loop)
The control window (a graphic window with control attribute) displays
the group of instruments in normal size used for the monitoring and
operation. The maximum number of instruments displayed is 8. The
normal size instrument can be used not only for monitoring but for
operation.
Normal size instrument:
The displayed instrument can be
operated directly.
By double-clicking the tag mark,
the instrument faceplate is called.
Soft-key assignment:
The soft-keys can be assigned
for each instrument.
Functions such as tuning window
call may be assigned.
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Control Window (16-Loop)
This window displays the group of compact instruments used for the
monitoring. The maximum number of instruments displayed is 16.
The compact size instrument cannot be operated. Only for the
monitoring. It is possible to assign both the normal size and the
compact size on the 16-loop window.
(e.g. 5 normal size
and 6 compact size
instruments.)
Compact size instruments:
By double-clicking the tag mark,
the instrument faceplate
appears for operation.
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Tuning Window
The tuning window displays the control status of the function block. It
is also used for tuning the various control parameters, as well as for
attaching and removing operation marks. The tuning window is
automatically created when a function block is created with the builder.
Toolbar
Instrument
faceplate
Tuning
parameter
display area
Tuning trend
Status bar
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Tuning Window Toolbar
The toolbar of the tuning window has buttons for tuning
trend operation, operation mark installation/removal, mode
transfer, related panel call and so on.
Primary direct mode
Displayed only when
PRD mode is effective.
Operation mark
Control drawing call
Raw data display
Calibration mode
Alarm off mode
Image output
Alarm acknowledgement
Trend acquisition reserve
Stop/resume trend
Enlarge data axis
Reduce data axis
Reduce time axis
Tuning trend operation
Enlarge time axis
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Tuning Trend
The tuning trend acquires process data from the function block
displayed in the tuning window and displays them as a graph.
The sampling period is 1 second and the recording span is 48 minutes.
Display time span
Data axis reducing /
enlarging rate
The process data items acquired from the function block and the corresponding display colors are:
• Process variable (PV), calculated output value (CPV), feedback input data (FV) [Cyan]
• Setpoint value (SV), switch position (SW) [White]
• Manipulated output value (MV) [Magenta]
The acquisition of tuning trend begins when the tuning window is called up and stops when the
tuning window is closed. The reserve function can be used to continue the tuning trend data
acquisition after the tuning window is closed. The maximum number of data can be reserved is 16
per HIS. If more than 16 data are reserved, the oldest data are deleted.
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Control Drawing Window
The control drawing window displays the function blocks defined
in the control drawing builder and displays the controlling status
and connecting status of that function blocks visually.
Toolbar
Show/hide terminal
names and data
status.
Control drawing
display area
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Control Drawing Window
The sequence table window can be used to monitor the scan
status of the sequence table and the status of conditions.
Status bar color:
Toolbar
Yellow: Non-executing rule
Green: Condition not satisfied
Red: Condition satisfied
Condition pattern color:
Table display
area
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Cyan: Condition not satisfied
Red: Condition satisfied
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Trend Window
The trend window acquires different types of process data
and displays time-series change in a graph. The maximum
number of trend points can be displayed is 8.
Toolbar
Trend data display area
Numerical data
display area
Status bar
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Structure of Trend
The trend recording consists of the three layers of the trend
blocks, the trend windows and the trend point windows.
Trend block
Trend group
Trend block 01
TR0001
Trend block 02
TR0002
Trend block 03
TR0003
Trend group 1
TG0101
Trend group 2
TG0102
Trend group 3
TG0103
TG0101
Trend group 16
TG0116
Trend point window
LIC300.PV
3 LIC300.PV
Trend block 50
TR0050
Trend window name
TGbbgg
bb: Block number
gg: Group number
Trend window
1 FIC100.PV
2 TIC200.PV
3 LIC300.PV
4
5
6
7
8
Each trend block can
specifies trend type and
sampling period.
Maximum number trend blocks for CS1000 is 8.
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Trend Data Acquisition Types
The data acquisition includes the following four types:
Continuous-rotary type:
Process data are acquired constantly. Data acquisition starts automatically
after starting the operation and monitoring functions. When the storage
capacity becomes full, the oldest data are deleted and replaced by new
data.
Batch-stop type:
Data acquisition starts and stops according to the received command.
When the storage capacity becomes full, data acquisition stops.
Batch-rotary type:
Data acquisition starts and stops according to the received command. If no
stop command is given and the storage capacity becomes full, the oldest
data are deleted and replaced by new data.
Trend acquired by other HIS:
Trend data acquired by other HIS may be referenced in a unit of block.
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Sampling Period and Recording Span
The sampling period can be selected from 1 second, 10 seconds,
1 minute, 2 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes for each trend
block. No more than 18 blocks (8 blocks for CS1000) can be
specified with the sampling periods of 1 minute, 2 minutes, 5
minutes and 10 minutes. No more than 2 trend blocks can be
specified with the sampling period of 1 second or 10 seconds.
2,880 samples can be acquired per pen. The recording span
indicates the time to acquire 2,880 samples for each trend in the
specified sampling period.
The table below shows the relationship between the sampling period and the
recording span:
In order to preserve the trend data, save the each trend window as a file or utilize
the long-term data archive function (optional).
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Toolbar of Trend Window
The trend window toolbar can be
used to perform tasks such as
reducing or enlarging the trend
graph, batch trend operation, trend
data save and redisplay.
Image output
Not effective
Pen assignment dialog
Trend display update suspension
Time axis reducing
Saved trend call
Batch trend pause
Batch trend start
Trend recall
Display initializing
Reference pattern display
Pen number display
Data axis enlarging
Data axis reducing
Time axis enlarging
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Trend data save
93
Long-term trend data save file:
Displayed only when the long term
data save function is effective.
YOKOGAWA
Trend Graph Display Area
In the trend graph display area of the trend window, the trend data
acquired according to the trend pen assignment are displayed.
Index mark
(Cyan)
Index mark left
move button
Time at index mark
Index mark right
move button
Time display
‘*’ mark may be added to the
displayed time for time change or
power failure.
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Data Display Area and Status Bar
The instantaneous value of the trend data and
function block information for each trend pen
corresponding to the time specified by the trend
graph index mark are displayed in the numeric
trend data display area of the trend window.
The trend gathering status, display span of the trend
graph time and reducing/enlarging scale for the data
axis on the trend graph is displayed on the status bar
of the tend window.
Numeric trend
data display
area
Data item name
Instantaneous value
Status bar
Trend gathering status display
Data axis reducing/enlarging scale
Display span of trend graph time axis
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Trend Point Window
The trend point window displays one of the 8 points of the
trend data assigned to trend window. It can be called up
from the trend window by selecting a trend pen.
Toolbar
Data display area
Status bar
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Changing Displayed Trend Data
In the trend window, the assigned trend pen may be changed.
Changing pen assignment
displaying trend data:
The builder defined pen
assignment can be changed
temporary by calling up the pen
assignment dialog with the pen
assignment button on the toolbar.
To display the builder defined pen
assignment, use display initialize
button.
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Trend Data Save
The acquired trend data can be saved in another file. Saving
operation in the file is executed for the trend group unit.
The saved trend can be redisplayed
by clicking the display button to
select the trend file.
To save the displayed
trend data, call up the
Save AS dialog by
clicking the data save
button on the toolbar.
Enter the file name and
the position to save.
The file extension “trf”
is automatically added.
The saved trend data will be redisplayed on the trend window where the [Saved
trend call] button was clicked. The originally displayed trend graph will be
replaced. The original trend can be recalled with the [Trend recall] button.
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Reference Pattern Assignment
For the batch type trend,
specified trend data can
be assigned as a
reference pattern.
Reference Patterns
The trend reference pattern,
an ideal trend pattern such
as the trend record by an
operator with expertise can
be displayed in the trend
window.
When the trend point
window is displayed, the
related reference pattern is
also displayed.
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Process Alarm Window
The process alarm window displays process alarms in the order they
are generated starting with the most recent alarm. When the alarm is
generated, the buzzer sounds and the process alarm button on the
system message window and the LED of the process alarm key on
the operation keyboard start flashing to notify the operator.
Toolbar
Message display area
Status bar
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Alarm Display Area
The process alarm window displays process alarm messages and
annunciator messages in the order that the latest message appears on the
top. A maximum of 200 messages are held. If the number of messages
occurred exceed 200, the messages will be deleted starting with the oldest
ones that have been acknowledged. When there are no acknowledged
messages, the oldest unacknowledged messages deleted first.
Alarm recovered
Medium priority alarm
Low priority alarm
High priority alarm
Filtered display rage
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Number of displayed messages
YOKOGAWA
Tag Mark Color and Status
The tag mark flashes until the message is acknowledged.
Green: Normal recovery
Red edge: HI alarm recovery
Red frame: HH alarm recovery
Red: HH alarm generation
Red: HI alarm generation
Red: LO alarm generation
Green: Normal recovery
Red: LO alarm recovery
Red !: LO alarm re-warning
Red: LO alarm generation
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Process Alarm Message Search
The filter dialog can be used to display only specific
process alarm messages.
Filter dialog
Current process variable display
High priority alarm display
Alarm display updating pause/restart
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Process Alarm Notification Flow
System message window
Process alarm window
Graphic window
Related window
Process
alarm
occurrence
Alarm
acknowledgement
Navigator window
Save in file
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Buzzer sounds
104
Printout
YOKOGAWA
Operator Guide Window
The operator guide window displays in order the operator guide
messages occurred. When a message is initiated, buzzer is
activated and the button on the system message window and
the LED of the operator guide message key on the operation
keyboard starts flashing to notify the operator.
Toolbar
Message display area
Status bar
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O. G. Message Display Area
A maximum of 40 messages are held. If the number of
messages occurred exceeds 40, the messages will be deleted
starting with the oldest ones that have been acknowledged.
Interactive message button
(For CS batch function only)
Operator guide message mark
(The mark for the interactive is .)
Filtered display rage
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Number of displayed messages
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YOKOGAWA
O. G. Message Search
The filter dialog can be used to display only specific
operator guide messages.
The filter button
on the toolbar is used to call up the filter dialog.
Equipment
search
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Message Monitor Window
The message monitor window acquires only specified
messages from many messages and displays to confirm
them in real-time.
Toolbar
Message display area
Status bar
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Message Monitor Window
The messages to be displayed in the message monitor
window are specified with the message registration dialog.
The dialog specifies the message type, color and the
number of messages.
Maximum number of messages
Up to 200
Display message selection
Display color selection
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Message Search
The filter dialog can be used to display only specific
operation record messages.
The filter button
on the
toolbar is used to call up the
filter dialog.
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Help Dialog Box
The help dialog box displays the pre-defined help messages.
It can be used as the on-line manual during operation.
The help dialog box may be called up from an active operation and
monitoring window, from a selected function block in the window or
from a selected system alarm message by clicking the help button
to display a related help message.
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Control Station (FCS)
CS1000/3000 Fundamental Course Textbook
PART- C Control Station
C-1 Types of control Stations
C-2 Node configuration
C-3 I/O Devices
C-4 Reliability of FCS
C-5 Configuration of FCS Functions
C-6 I/O Functions of FCS
Standard Type FCS
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YOKOGAWA
Types of Control Stations
CS3000 R3.04 has 8 types of FCS.
RIO
Different memory
capacity
SFCS
Compact
FCS
LFCS
Standard
FCS
(RIO)
(RIO)
LFCS2
Enhanced
FCS
(32M)
(RIO)
FIO
Different memory
capacity
FFCS
Compact
FCS
KFCS
Standard
FCS
(FIO)
(FIO)
KFCS2
Enhanced
FCS
(32M)
(FIO)
RFCS2
Migration
FCS
(16M)
(FIO,SIO)
RFCS5
Migration
FCS
(32M)
(FIO,SIO)
For V, XL migration
Common hardware
PFCS
Compact
FCS
(RIO)
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For CS1000
Common hardware
FFCS-S
Compact
FCS
For small
CS3000
(FIO)
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YOKOGAWA
Structure of Various FCS
Compact FCS for FIO
(FFCS/FFCS-S)
Compact FCS for RIO
(SFCS)
The field control station
that directly connects a
control unit and I/O
module nests.
(No node is used.)
The field control station
that directly connects a
control unit and I/O units.
(FFCS: with node,
FFCS-S: without node)
Equivalent to PFCS of
CS1000.
Standard FCS for RIO
(LFCS)
Standard FCS for FIO
(KFCS)
The field control station
that connects a control
unit and nodes with the
RIO bus.
(Maximum 8 nodes)
The field control station
that connects a control
unit and nodes with the
ESB bus.
(Maximum 10 nodes)
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Standard Type FCS Configuration
Standard FCS for FIO
KFCS
Standard FCS for RIO
LFCS
FCU
FCU
(Field Control Unit)
(Field Control Unit)
RIO bus
ESB bus
Node
Interface
Unit
I/O Modules
Node
Node
I/O Units
SUB-system
ER bus
SUB-system
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Control Station (KFCS)
Dual redundant control unit (FCU)
in the standard cabinet.
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YOKOGAWA
Dual Redundant Control Unit
Dual redundant control unit (FCU) for KFCS.
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Compact Type FCS (FFCS)
FCU
I/O modules
ESB bus
interface
modules
CPU
modules
Power
unit
modules
Dual redundant control unit of FFCS (FCU)
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Compact Type FCS (PFCS/SFCS)
An example of rack mounted
PFCS/SFCS:
Control bus couplers
It consists of a FCU and I/O units.
CPU modules
FCU
Power supply
modules
I/O Units
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Role of Node (LFCS)
RIO bus
Node for cabinet
mount type
RIO bus connects FCU and nodes.
Control room
Long distance use.
Node for rack
mount type
Optical bus repeater
Node for rack
mount type
Transmission distance of
the optical bus repeaters is
either max. 4 km or 15 km.
Bus repeater
Shortened wiring
Nodes can reduce
the wiring lengths
by planning the
optimum system
configuration.
Node for rack
mount type
Field
Node for rack
mount type
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Node Installation (FIO)
An example of the node for FIO:
I/O modules are directly mounted
to a backboard.
I/O modules
ESB bus interface modules
Power supply modules
Cable tray
Node
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Remote node unit
uses ER bus interface
unit.
YOKOGAWA
Node Installation (RIO)
Analog I/O
module nest
(AMN11, AMN!2)
I/O module nest
I/O module
I/O module nest
I/O modules
An example of node:
I/O modules are installed
to the I/O module nests.
IO
U
IO
U
Analog I/O module
Relay I/O
module nest
(AMN21)
Node
Relay I/O
module
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I/O Modules
CS3000 R3 has two different I/O modules:
RIO: Individually isolated highperformance I/O modules and
multiplexer modules that utilize M4
screw terminals used by CENTUM
CS for a long time.
FIO: Newly developed multiplexer
type I/O modules that are
connectable to the already installed
CENTUM-V and XL for replacement.
They are compact and abundant in
types.
See Supplement IV. Input and Output Modules.
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I/O Units and I/O Modules (LFCS)
Analog I/O
module nest
X8
Analog I/O module
Node
X4 (front)
X5 (rear)
An example of the analog I/O modules and the nest.
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I/O Terminal Addressing (RIO)
Addressing of terminals for process connection:
%Znnuscc
An example of addressing
Terminal number (01 to 32)
Slot number (1 to 4)
Unit number (1 to 5)
Node number (01 to 08)
01
02
03
Slot 1
Nodes
1
I/O Units
Terminal 05
2
TI-1001
3
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I/O Modules (KFCS)
Modules for KFCS
ML connector
Pressure clamp
terminal connector
• Terminal board used for single or dual TC/mV
input (AET4D)
From field
KS cable interface
adapter
I/O module
• Terminal board used for single or dual digital
I/O (AED5D)
KS cable
Variations of signal cable connection
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I/O Terminal Addressing (FIO)
Format of process I/O terminal number (FIO FCS):
%Znnuscc
Terminal (01 to 64)
1 fixed (Segment Nos. 1 to 4: Communication modules.)
Slot (1 to 8)
Node number (01 to 10)
An example of
terminal number
PIO block
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Dual Redundant FCU
Pair configuration
with two CPUs.
Spare configuration
with two FCU
modules.
The CENTUM CS control station adopts “a pair and spare” configuration with
spare FCU modules and pair CPUs in a module, which has never been introduced
in the world. By collating the computation results, once a transient error is
detected, immediately control right is switched to the standby side module. Since
the standby module performs control computation synchronized with the control
side, control is switched without loss of continuity.
Temporary computation error which may not be prevented by the diagnostic program
can be detected remarkably by collating the computation results from two CPUs.
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Perfect Dual-Redundant Loop
FCU
RIO
Bus card
RIO
Bus card
RIO
Bus
RIO
Bus
RIO
Slave card
RIO
Slave card
NIU
PSU
NIU
PSU
Node
Internal bus
FCU
RIO
Bus card
RIO
Bus card
RIO
Bus
RIO
Bus
RIO
Slave card
RIO
Slave card
NIU
PSU
NIU
PSU
Node
Internal bus
Node
Internal bus
Node
Internal bus
AAM51
AAM11
AAM11
Dual-redundant
input modules
(Optional)
AAM51
Dual-redundant
output modules
(Optional)
The dual-redundant input modules need a dual-redundant signal selector block (SS-DUAL).
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Flow of FCS Start
Initialized start
Restart
Start processing from the
beginning of periodic processing.
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Continue processing from
the discontinued point.
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YOKOGAWA
Configuration of FCS Functions
FCS control functions consist of the basic control functions,
the software I/O functions and I/O interface functions. The
basic control functions have various function blocks that
perform control computations. The I/O interfaces include the
process I/O and other interface functions.
FCS
Basic control
Software I/O
I/O interfaces
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Function Block and Control Drawing
The function blocks, which are the minimum elements
consisting the basic control function, and the control
drawings, which connect multiple function blocks, configure
the FCS control functions hierarchically.
TIC100
PID
Control drawing
Function block
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Function Block
Function block:
The function block is the minimum element that executes control
computations.
Regulatory control blocks, sequential control blocks, computation
blocks, SFC blocks are the function blocks.
The control functions can be described like an instrumentation flow
sheet by connecting regulatory control, sequential control and
computation blocks.
Every function block should have a tag name and be stated on a
control drawing.
FIC100
TI100
CU201
ST22-A
TIM201
PID
PVI
CALCU
ST16
TM
Function blocks
(Regulatory control, Computation, Sequential control)
See Supplement V. Function Block List.
TE33Q4T30-01E
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YOKOGAWA
I/O Functions of FCS
The software I/O is the virtual I/O
realized by the FCS software. Data
setting or data reference to or from
other function blocks or applications
is possible.FCS
Basic control
Software I/O
The I/O interfaces can handle not only
process I/Os but also sub-system I/Os
as PLCs and fieldbus I/Os.
I/O interfaces
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23
YOKOGAWA
Process I/O
The process I/Os are shown below:
Analog input:
Current input, voltage input, mV input, TC input, RTD input,
potentiometer input, pulse train input.
Analog output:
Current output, voltage output.
Contact input:
Contact ON/OFF input signals from field devices to the FCS. Two
types of signals exist; status signals and push button signals.
Contact output:
Contact ON/OFF output signals from the FCS to field devices.
(The status output signals of a status type I/O module can be
manipulated in the following styles:
Latched type, non-latched type, pulse type and flashing type output.)
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24
YOKOGAWA
Software I/O
The software I/O enables data setting or data reference to or from
other function blocks or applications same as in the process I/O.
Types of software I/O:
• Internal switch:
The internal switches
exchange logical values
between function blocks or
applications.
• Message output:
The message, which
transmits the occurrence
of events.
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25
YOKOGAWA
Examples of Using Software I/O
Internal Switch (Start switch)
Message Output
Annunciator message output
Heating start
Reactor A charge end
Operator guide message output
14:05 Reactor A heating start
Sequence operations like SV
setting, block mode switching in
a regulatory control.
An internal switch latched output
for the graphic display modify.
TIC101
Heating
PID
FIC101
PID
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26
YOKOGAWA
Message Output Functions
The message output functions for sequential controls are used
to alert operators or to notify events to other applications.
Printout
Logging
Printout message output (%PR)
Yes
Yes
Printout with messages
Operator guide message output (%OG)
Yes
Yes
Electronic sounds, display
Multi-media function start message output (%VM)
No
Yes
Multi-media function start
Sequence message request (%RQ)
No
Yes
Startup HIS functions
Supervisory computer message output (%M3)
No
No
Event message output
Signal event message output (%EV)
No
No
Output to SEBOL
SFC/SEBOL return-event message output (%RE)
No
No
Output to SFC block
TE33Q4T30-01E
27
Other functions
YOKOGAWA
Regulatory Control Functions
CS1000/3000 Fundamental Course Textbook
PART- D Regulatory Control Functions
D-1 Regulatory Control Blocks
D-2 Control Drawing
D-3 Processing
D-4 Block Modes
D-5 Scan and Control Periods
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YOKOGAWA
Regulatory Control Positioning
The regulatory control block performs control
computation processing using analog process variables
and so on for the process monitoring and control.
FCS
Basic control
Software I/O
I/O interfaces
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YOKOGAWA
Types of Regulatory Control Block
The regulatory control blocks vary by the types of data
handled and control computation processing functions
provided.
Types of controllers are shown below.
• Input indicator blocks
• Controller blocks
• Manual loader blocks
• Signal setter blocks
• Signal limiter blocks
• Signal selector blocks
• Signal distributor blocks
• Pulse count block
• Alarm block
• YS blocks
See Supplement V. Function Block List.
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YOKOGAWA
Regulatory Control Block Structure
The structure of regulatory control function block PID:
SET
CSV
BIN
RL1
RL2
(VN)
(RLV1)
(RLV2)
MAN
RCAS
IN
RAW
PV
Control
computation
processing
(PV, ΔPV, MV, ΔMV)
Reading a raw data from
the input terminal,
performs input
processing to output PV.
TE33Q4T30-01E
INT
Detects an abnormality
in PV, MV and notifies
the operation and
monitoring functions.
SV
RSV
TSI
(TSW)
Alarm
processing
CAS
AUT
MAN
Input
processing
TIN
CAS
AUT
Output
processing
MV
OUT
ROUT
RMV
SUB
Reading PV and SV, performs
control computation
processing to output MV.
4
Reads MV and outputs
the result of output
processing to the output
terminal.
YOKOGAWA
Function Block Creation and Wiring
Function block assignment and wiring on a control drawing:
Select the function block to be
assigned with a selection icon.
Create a connection
between function blocks,
a function block and an I/O
module with a wiring Icon.
Line color by automatic wiring is magenta.
Line color by manual wiring is cyan.
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YOKOGAWA
Data Connection with Process I/O
There are two types of data connections with the process I/O:
The data reference from a process input module and the data
setting to a process output module.
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YOKOGAWA
Data Connection with Function Blocks
Data connection with other function blocks is an I/O connection
that connects data items such as process variables (PV) and
manipulated output values (MV) held in the other function blocks,
to the function block’s I/O terminals.
An example of data connection with other function blocks’ data items is shown below:
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YOKOGAWA
Terminal Connection
In the cascade control, the terminal (OUT) of the function
block in the upstream should be connected to the set terminal
(SET) of the function block in the downstream.
This connection is referred to as the terminal connection. The
terminal connection is used in particular cases.
Signal flows bi-directionally.
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YOKOGAWA
Input Processing
The processing that performs before control computation for
the input signal read from the connection destination is called
“Input processing”.
Apply the 1st order lag filter to
the signal from the input signal
conversion function to get PV.
Input signal conversion
PV/FV
overshoot
No conversion
CAL
BAD
CAL
Input
module
RAW
Read the input
signal from the
process Input
module or other
function blocks.
TE33Q4T30-01E
PV
Analog input
square root
extraction
Digital
filter
The function to integrate
the signal from the input
signal conversion function.
Pulse train
input
conversion
CAL
BAD
Communication
input
conversion
Integration
9
SUM
YOKOGAWA
Input Processing (Reference)
The input processing common to regulatory control blocks and
calculation blocks are as follows:
• Input signal conversion (No conversion, square root extraction, pulse train
conversion, communication input conversion.)
• Digital filter
• Integration
• OV/FV/CPV
overshoot
• Calibration
The input processing of the function
block can be defined with [Basic] and
[Input] tabs of the function block
detail definition builder.
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YOKOGAWA
Calibration
The calibration is the function in which the emulated signal for
a process variable (PV) or a calculated output value (CPV) in
the function block can be set manually by the operation and
monitoring functions for maintenance or testing.
• The color of PV bar display changes to cyan.
• The process variable (PV) can be set manually.
• Integration continues with the process variable (PV).
• The alarm check for the process variable (PV) is bypassed.
• Block mode changes to manual (MAN).
Calibration setting button
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11
YOKOGAWA
Control Computation Processing
The PID control computation in the PID control function block
calculates a manipulated output change (ΔMV) with the specified PID
control algorithm (PID, PI-D, I-PD, PI or I). And then either velocity
form or positional form output action converts the ΔMV to MV.
The figure below shows a block diagram of PID control computation:
PID Control Computation
Algorithms
SV
PV
TE33Q4T30-01E
Output actions
PID / PI-D / I-PD
PI / I
ΔMV
12
Velocity / Positional
MV
YOKOGAWA
Output Processing
Output processing refers to the processing that is executed to the
values obtained from the control computation before output it.
AUT/CAS/RCAS/PRD
MH
AUT/CAS/RCAS/ROUT/PRD
Preset MV
ML
MAN
MAN/TRK
TRK
Output
limiter
Control
computation
ROUT
ΔMV limiter
MV
TRK
RMV
Output
conversion
MVrb
No
conversion
Aux. output
TIN
SUB
OUT
Output
module
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YOKOGAWA
Output Processing
The output processing common to the regulatory control
blocks:
• Output limiter
• Output velocity limiter
• Output clamp
• Preset manipulated output
• Output tracking
• Output range tracking
• Manipulated output index
• Output conversion (no conversion, pulse width output conversion,
communication output conversion)
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YOKOGAWA
Alarm Processing - FCS
Function
blocks
Alarm setpoint
values
The function that
detects abnormality of
the process from PV,
MV and other values.
Re-warning alarm
Process
data
Alarm
detection
function
Alarm status
The function that
summarizes the results of
the alarm detection
function and notifies the
operation and monitoring
functions as a message.
Alarm
notification
function
Alarm message
Alarm
detection setting
Alarm
acknowledgement state
Alarm inhibition
(AOF)
Acknowledgement
operation
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YOKOGAWA
Alarm Detection Function
The following alarm detections are performed:
Alarm status Data item
IOP, IOP• Input open alarm check
IOP, IOP• Input error alarm check
• Input high-high/low-low limit alarm check HH, LL
HH, LL
HI, LO
• Input high/low limit alarm check
PH, PL
VEL+, VEL• Input velocity alarm check
VL
DV+, DV• Deviation alarm check
DV
OOP
• Output open alarm check
MHI, MLO
• Output high/low-limit alarm check
MH, ML
CNF
• Connection failure alarm check
Colors of alarm status are of default.
See Supplement VI. Alarm Status.
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16
YOKOGAWA
Alarm Inhibition (Alarm OFF)
The alarm inhibition can be used to temporarily inhibit the
action of process alarm messages while the alarm detection
is still active.
AOF setting button
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17
YOKOGAWA
Block Mode and Status
Block mode and status are the information that represent the
conditions of the function blocks.
Block mode
Block status
Represent the operating state of the
function blocks.
Alarm status
Represents the alarm state of the
process.
Represents the quality of the process data.
Data status
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18
YOKOGAWA
Block Mode
The block mode is the information that represents the control
state and the output state of a function block. The different type
of function blocks have the different block modes. There are 9
basic block modes and several compound block modes.
Basic block mode:
O/S, IMAN, TRK, MAN, AUT, CAS, PRD, RCAS, ROUT
Compound block mode:
The state where multiple basic block modes are established at a time.
e.g. AUT – IMAN
See Supplement VII. Basic Block Mode.
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19
YOKOGAWA
Basic Block Modes Relationship
Priority level
4
O/S
Complementary
relationship
IMAN
3
TRK
2
MAN, AUT, CAS, PRD
High
1
RCAS, ROUT
0
Low
Exclusive relationship
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20
YOKOGAWA
Primary Direct (PRD)
When the cascade connected lowstream block mode is set
to PRD, calculation processing is currently stopped. The
set value CSV is from the cascade connected upstream
block is output to the control valve after output processing.
LIC100
S’ry controller
TE33Q4T30-01E
P’ry controller
PRD
PRD setting button
FIC100
21
YOKOGAWA
Scan Periods
Scan period determines a period for the periodic execution of the
function block. There are three types of scan periods: basic scan,
medium-speed scan and high-speed scan.
● Basic Scan
The basic scan is a standard scan period which is common to function blocks.
The basic scan period is fixed to 1 second. This cannot be changed.
● Medium-Speed Scan (LFCS/KFCS)
The medium-speed scan is a scan period suited for the process control that requires
quicker response than what can be achieved with the basic scan setting. Setting
value of the medium-speed scan can be selected by each FCS according to its use.
• Medium-speed scan period: Select “200 ms” or “500 ms.” The default is “500 ms.”
● High-Speed Scan
The high-speed scan is a scan period suited for the process control that requires
high-speed response. Setting value of the high-speed scan can be selected by each
FCS according to its use.
• High-speed scan period: Select “50 ms,” “100 ms,” “200 ms” or “500 ms.” The
default is “200 ms.”
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22
YOKOGAWA
Control Period
Among the regulatory control blocks, the controller block has a
control period besides the processing period. The control period is
the period that the controller block executes control computation
and output processing during the automatic operation.
The control period is always an integer multiple of the scan period of 1
second. Input and alarm processing are performed at each scan period.
In ‘Automatic determination’, the control period is defined in accordance with the integral
time.
High- Medium-Speed Scan
TE33Q4T30-01E
23
YOKOGAWA
Sequential Control Functions
CS1000/3000 Fundamental Course Textbook
PART-E Sequential Control Functions
E-1 Sequential Control Blocks
E-2 Sequence Table Blocks
E-3 Timer and Soft-counter Block
E-4 Types of Contact Output
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1
YOKOGAWA
Sequential Control Positioning
The function blocks that execute the sequential control are referred
to as sequential control blocks. The positioning of the sequential
control blocks is shown blow:
FCS
Basic control
Software I/O
I/O interfaces
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YOKOGAWA
Types of Sequential Control
Definition of sequential control:
Sequential control executes in sequence each control step following the
pre-defined conditions or orders.
The sequential control can be divided into following two types:
• Condition control (Monitoring)
Monitors process status and controls according to the pre-defined conditions.
• Programmed control (Phase steps)
Controls according to the pre-defined programs (phases).
TE33Q4T30-01E
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YOKOGAWA
Sequential Control Description
Sequence table block:
The conditions and operations are arranged in the decision table format and
specifies which operation is performed by the combination of conditions. This table
is suitable for describing the both types of sequence.
Logic chart block:
The logic chart block aligns each condition and operation, and the combination of
conditions is described with logic elements to specify the operation performed. This is
suitable for describing the condition control type such as an interlock sequence.
SFC (Sequential Function Chart ) block:
The SFC is a graphical programming language suitable for describing a process control
sequence. It is standardized by the international standard, IEC SC65A/WG6.
It is used for relatively large-scaled sequential controls and device controls. The SFC block defines
the flow of an entire sequence. Each step in the SFC is described with sequence tables or SEBOL
(Sequence and Batch Oriented Language).
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YOKOGAWA
Types of Sequential Control Blocks
Sequence table block:
The sequence table block realizes a sequential control by operating other function
blocks and/or process I/O or software I/O.
Logic chart block:
The logic chart block realizes an interlock
sequence with the logic chart diagram using
logic elements.
SFC block:
The SFC block executes the sequential control
program described with SFC.
Sequence auxiliary blocks:
Switch instrument blocks:
Valve pattern monitors: (optional)
See Supplement V. Function Block List.
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5
YOKOGAWA
Sequence Table Block (ST16)
32 rules
Condition signals
Total 32 (default)
Action signals
Total 32 (default)
TE33Q4T30-01E
Condition rules
Input
connection
information
Condition
specification
Output
connection
information
Action
specification
I/O signals
Total 64
(fixed)
Action rules
6
YOKOGAWA
Sequence Table Block
Processing timing
Scan period
Step label
Condition
signal
comment
Action
signal
comment
Next step label
Rule expansion destination tag name
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7
YOKOGAWA
Example of Sequence Description
An example of descriptions of the fundamental logic circuits, AND,
OR and NOT.
%SW0200
ON
Rule
%Z011101
ON
%SW0201
ON
Step
C01
.
.
.
%SW0200.PV ON Y
%SW0201.PV ON Y
%SW0202.PV ON
%SW0203.PV ON
C32 (Condition signals)
AND logic circuit
%SW0202
ON
A01 %Z011101.PV H
.
%Z011102.PV H
.
%SW0200.PV H
.
A32 (Action signals)
%Z011102
ON
%SW0203
ON
OR logic circuit
%SW0200
OFF
01 02 03 . . . . . . . . . . 32
N
Y
Y
Y
Y Y
Y
THEN
ELSE
%SW0200
ON
NOT logic circuit
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8
YOKOGAWA
Non-step Type Sequence Table
Non-step type sequence table tests all rules at every control
period.
Rule
Basic operation 1:
01 02 03 . . . . . . . . . . 32
Step
(1) As for condition testing, in the
same rule number when all
conditions (Y or N) are satisfied, the
condition of the rule is true.
(2) Rule columns for the same
rule number are all blank are
considered true unconditionally.
C01
.
.
.
%SW0200
Y
%SW0201
Y
%SW0202
%SW0203
C32 (Condition signals)
A01
.
.
.
A32
%Z011101
%Z011102
%Z011103
N
N
Y
Y
Y
(Action signals)
THEN
ELSE
%SW0200 and %SW0201 are ON and then %Z011101 turns ON.
%SW0201 and %SW0202 are OFF and then %Z011102 turns ON.
%Z011103 turns ON unconditionally.
TE33Q4T30-01E
9
YOKOGAWA
Non-step Type Sequence Table
Basic operation 2:
When multiple action signals exist in
a condition satisfied rule, the actions
are executed from top to down.
Rule
01 02 03 . . . . . . . . . . 32
Step
C01
%SW0200
Y
%SW0201
Y
.
%SW0202
.
.
%SW0203
C32 (Condition signals)
A01
.
.
.
A32
%Z011101
%Z011102
%Z011103
Y
Y
N
(Action signals)
THEN
ELSE
Actions are executed in order of %Z011101, %Z011102, %Z011103.
TE33Q4T30-01E
10
YOKOGAWA
Execution and Output Timing
Execution timing
A sequence table block and a logic chart block have the
following four types of execution timing:
• Periodic execution (T):
Repeatedly executed in a preset cycle.
• One-shot execution (O):
Executed once when invoked by other function blocks.
• Initial execution/Restart execution (I):
Executed when the FCS performs a cold or a restart.
• Initial execution (B):
Executed when the FCS performs a restart.
Output timing
A sequence table block has two types of output timing:
• Output only when conditions change (C)
• Output each time conditions are satisfied (E)
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YOKOGAWA
Output Timing
• Output only when conditions change (C):
The action is executed only once when the condition is switched from false to
true. However, if the non-latched output is specified for the action signal, the
action changes when the condition is switched from true to false.
• Output each time conditions are satisfied (E):
The action is executed each control period as long as the condition remains
true.
Output only when conditions change (C)
Output each time conditions are satisfied (E)
ON
Condition
ON
OFF
Condition
OFF
Non-latched type
(L type)
Output
TE33Q4T30-01E
Output
12
YOKOGAWA
Processing Timing
Execution timing and output timing can be used in combination.
The table below shows the combination of timings for ST16 and
ST16E.
Default
For the LC64, logic chart block, output timing (C) can not be specified.
TE33Q4T30-01E
13
YOKOGAWA
Step Type Sequence Table
Step type sequence table tests only rules in the current step at
every control period.
Basic operation 1:
Rule
Step
For the step type sequence table,
the next execution step label must
be described in the THEN/ ELSE
column in order to advance the steps.
The step will not advance if both
next step labels in the THEN/ ELSE
are blank. The same step is
executed each time.
%SW0200
C01
%SW0201
.
%SW0202
.
.
%SW0203
C32 (Condition signals)
A01
.
.
.
A32
%Z011101
%Z011102
%Z011103
04
05
08
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
(Action signals)
THEN
ELSE
05
08
Step label
Tested rules
Next step label (THEN label)
Next step label (ELSE label)
TE33Q4T30-01E
14
YOKOGAWA
Step Type Sequence Table
Basic operation 2:
Rule
The next step specified in the
THEN column is the step to
advance when the condition test
result is true.
After all actions for the
corresponding rules are
executed, the step proceeds to
the next step.
Step
C01
.
.
.
%SW0200
%SW0201
%SW0202
%SW0203
C32 (Condition signals)
A01
.
.
.
A32
%Z011101
%Z011102
%Z011103
04
05
08
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
(Action signals)
THEN
ELSE
05
08
When the condition of the rule in step
04 is satisfied, the step advances to 05.
TE33Q4T30-01E
15
YOKOGAWA
Step Type Sequence Table
Basic operation 3:
Rule
The next step specified in the
ELSE column is the step to
advance when the condition test
result is false.
When conditions for the
corresponding rules are not
satisfied, the step proceeds to
the next step without executing
the actions.
Step
C01
.
.
.
%SW0200
%SW0201
%SW0202
%SW0203
C32 (Condition signals)
A01
.
.
.
A32
%Z011101
%Z011102
%Z011103
04
05
08
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
(Action signals)
THEN
ELSE
05
08
When the condition of the rule in step 04 is
not satisfied, the step advances to 08.
TE33Q4T30-01E
16
YOKOGAWA
Step Type Sequence Table
Rule
Basic operation 4:
Step
02
01
When a step advances to a
next step, the next step is
executed at the next scan
period.
C01
%SW0200
%SW0201
.
%SW0202
.
.
%SW0203
C32 (Condition signals)
Y
Y
When a step advances, the
conditions of each rule are
initialized once.
A01
.
.
.
A32
Y
%Z011101
%Z011102
04
03
N
N
%Z011103
(Action signals)
THEN
02
03
04
ELSE
The step sequence executes only a single step at each scan period.
In this example, it may take 2 seconds or more to turn %Z011103 OFF,
after the step 01 was executed.
TE33Q4T30-01E
17
YOKOGAWA
Step Type Sequence Table
Rule
Basic operation 5:
Step
Step label 00 is executed at
each period. The step 00 can be
described only at the head of a
sequence table group.
C01
.
.
.
* 1. The step 00 cannot be
described as a next step label.
A01
.
.
.
A32
* 2. The step 00 cannot be described
on an extended sequence table.
00
01 02
%SW0200
Y
%SW0201
Y
Y
%SW0202
%SW0203
C32 (Condition signals)
%Z011101
%Z011102
%Z011103
04
03
Y
Y
N
N
(Action signals)
THEN
02
03
04
ELSE
The step 00 as well as the current step 03,
conditions are tested. If conditions of step 00
are satisfied, actions are executed.
Current step
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18
YOKOGAWA
Timer Block (TM)
The sequence auxiliary blocks are provided such as a timer, a softcounter and so on.
The timer block (TM) measures time
in the unit of second or minute.
Timer start switch
An example of the timer block operation.
Processing Timing: TC
Y
%SW0500.PV
ON
TM100.BSTS
CTUP
TM100.OP
START
Y
%SW0500.PV
H
N
Y
Timer count-up
Timer start/stop
Start switch off
N
BSTS: Block status
CTUP: Count-up
OP: Operation
START: Start/stop action
TE33Q4T30-01E
Start command
19
Stop command
YOKOGAWA
Software Counter Block (CTS)
The software counter block (CTS) counts a number of times that
the condition is satisfied.
An example of the soft-counter block operation.
Processing Timing: TE
Stop switch
%SW0501.PV ON
Update switch
%SW0502.PV ON
Counter count-up
CT100.BSTS
CTUP
CT100.ACT
ON
CT100.ACT
OFF
Y
%SW0501.PV
H
N
%SW0502.PV
H
Counter update
Counter stop
BSTS: Block status
CTUP: Count-up
ACT: Action
ON: Update, OFF: Stop
TE33Q4T30-01E
Stop command
20
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Update command
YOKOGAWA
Types of Contact Output
Latched (H) type output:
The latched type output holds the current output status until ON or OFF
operation is executed.
e.g. %SW0501.PV.H
The latched and non-latched type output can also be applied for internal
switches, annunciator message outputs and so on.
TE33Q4T30-01E
21
YOKOGAWA
Types of Contact Output
Non-latched (L) type output:
The non-latched type output turns ON when logical computation result
becomes true and turns OFF when becomes not true.
e.g. %SW0501.PV.L
OFF action is not effective for the non-latched type output.
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Types of Contact Output
Flashing (F) type output:
The flashing type output starts flashing when ON operation is executed and
stops flashing when OFF operation is executed. In order to turn off the
current state, OFF operation as H type is required.
c
e.g. %Z011101.PV.F
The flashing type output can not be applied for internal switches,
annunciator message outputs and so on.
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Report Functions
CS1000/3000 Fundamental Course Textbook
PART-F Report Functions
F-1 Process Report Window
F-2 Historical Message Report Window
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Process Status and Operation Record
The windows used for confirming the process status are Process Report
window and Historical Message Report window.
The Process Report window displays the current status of the function blocks
and input and output and the Historical Message Report window displays
alarms and messages triggered in the past and the operation history.
Window call menu
Toolbar
Process report window call icon
Historical message report window call icon
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Process Report Window
The process report is to collect information on the system operating
status and displays it in a window or prints to a printer depending on
the user’s request. The current status will be displayed or printed.
The following two types of reports are available in the Process
Report window.
• Tag report
• I/O report
Tag report display button
Tag report search button
I/O report display button
I/O report search button
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Tag Report
In a tag report, various statuses such as the function block
alarm status, mode and present value of process data are
displayed for each element.
The tag report is the real time report of all tags
registered in the system. Process alarm generated
function blocks, function block under special block
mode (AOF, CAL) and so on are confirmed.
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Tag Report Search
The tag report search is done using the Tag Report Search
dialog box. Tag names of the following elements can be the
object of a tag report.
• Function block (%BL)
• Annunciator (%AN)
• Common switch (%SW)
• Process I/O* (%Z)
• Global switch (%GS)
There are five tabs in the Tag
Report Search dialog box. It is
convenient to set frequently used
search conditions beforehand.
A data item name can be added
to process report window for
displaying the data value.
* Among the process I/O, only communication I/O with user-defined tag
names can be the object of a tag report.
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I/O Report
In the I/O report, the I/O status is displayed as a digital
value for each element.
In the I/O Report, when the data is ON, “1”, and
when the data is OFF, “.” (full stop) is displayed.
%SW0001 to %SW0400 are for the system use. (R3.04)
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I/O Report Search
In the I/O report, the I/O status is displayed as a digital
value for each element. An I/O report can be searched by
station name or element type.
The following elements can be the objects of an I/O report:
• Annunciator (%AN)
• Common switch (%SW)
• Communication Input (%WB*)
• Communication Input (%WW*)
• Process I/O (%Z)
The station name or element
type of the control station can
be set as the search conditions
for the I/O report in the I/O
Report Search dialog box.
* %WB is the bit data of the communication input, while %WW is the word data input.
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Historical Message Report Window
The historical message report can retrieve process alarms or
the operation history stored within the HIS and display or print
messages related to all types of events related to the system
or a process that occurred in the past.
A historical message can be retrieved and displayed by
specifying message type, station name and tag name.
File selection
Redraw
Search
Number of displayed
messages
Search pause
File save
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Historical Message Save
It is recommended to backup the historical message report
as it saves important operation reports and alarm messages.
Up to about 80,000 messages are saved in a HDD. If the
number of messages exceeds this, the messages will be
deleted starting with the oldest ones.
If the total number of the messages exceeds 65,536, MS Excel limit
warning dialog appears.
The messages are saved in the CSV format for easy utilization.
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Historical Message Selection
• File Type
When searching for a message that occurred at the time of system
generation, select [Engineering History]; when searching for a
message that occurred during operation and monitoring, select
[Operation and Monitoring Message].
• Directory
When the historical message save file is stored in the default folder,
select [Standard]; when the file is stored in a folder other than the
standard, select [Specify Directory].
The long-term data can be
referred by specifying the
folder where the long-term
data are saved.
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Historical Message Search
Each of the search conditions is set in the Search dialog box.
In the Report Search dialog box, there are five tabs to set up
search conditions. Select the tab to set for each search item.
With five tabs, the following
items can be specified:
• Period specified by date
• Specifying message type
• Specifying message
occurrence source
• Specifying user name
• Specifying arbitral character
See Supplement VIII. Historical Message Search.
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System Maintenance Functions
CS1000/3000 Fundamental Course Textbook
PART-G System Maintenance Functions
G-1 System Status Display Window
G-2 System Alarm Window
G-3 Adjust Time Dialog Box
G-4 HIS Setup Window
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System Maintenance Functions
The windows displaying the online system status and the
system alarm status and so on are provided with operation
environment to support system maintenance.
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System Status Overview Window
The System Status Overview window displays the status of all stations
and the communication buses in the V net comprising the system.
The status of the connected stations and the V net may be visually
confirmed by icon displays. Also, other system maintenance windows
may be called up from this window.
System alarm
window button
V-net 2 error
HIS setup button
V-net 1 normal
HIS0123 normal
FCS0101 normal
FCS0102
communication error
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Present station display
(White background color)
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FCS Status Display Window
The FCS status display window can be called up with the FCS icon.
FCS0101 status display
window
The FCS Status Display window
shows control station information,
hardware configuration and
status.
In addition, the displayed control
station can be started or stopped
from this window, and items
defined by the builders can be
downloaded to the control
station.
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FCS Status Display Window
Icons for SFCS status display window.
FCS start
FCS report
IOM download
FCS stop
Tuning parameter save
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System Alarm Window
The System Alarm window displays system alarm messages to
notify the user of system hardware (FCS down, card error etc.) in the
order with the most recent ones first. When an alarm occurs, the
alarm starts to buzz, and the button in the System Message window
and the LED for the system key on the operation keyboard begin to
flash.
System alarm
overview
System status overview display
Filter dialog
Updating retained for 5 seconds
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Adjust Time Dialog Box
Adjust Time dialog box sets and changes the date and
time of system in the domain.
The date and time set in the dialog box are applied to
the machines shown below.
• All the control stations in the same domain
• All HIS in the same domain
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HIS Setup Window
The HIS Setup window is used for displaying and changing the
current station’s information and operation settings.
The HIS Setup window can perform settings specific to the HIS
such as the operation and monitoring window display size setting,
printer setup and operation panel mode setting.
The tabs provided for each setting item are:
● Operation mark
● Multimedia
● Long term
● External recorder
● OPC
● Report
● Monitors
● Process management
● Navigator
● Station
● Printer
● Buzzer
● Display
● Window switching
● Control bus
● Alarm
● Preset menu
● Equalize
● Function Keys
Some of the tab sheets may not be displayed according to the installed package.
The tab sheets with
are explained.
See Supplement IX. HIS Setup Window.
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Display Tab Sheet
Settings such as the operation screen mode and toolbar
button size are displayed in the Display tab. The contents of
the settings can also be changed.
Operation
screen mode
switching
Font name and
size switching
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Window Switching Tab Sheet
In the Window Switching tab, the display size of the operation and
monitoring windows called up from the System Message window,
whether automatic window switching is enabled at the time a
process alarm or an operator guide message is generated, etc.,
are displayed. The setup items can also be changed.
Window switching
setup
Dynamic window
setup
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Preset Menu Tab Sheet
In the HIS, there is a function that allows frequently used
functions to be called up easily.
By presetting the functions to be called in the Preset Menu tab,
they can be called up from the System Message window.
Up to 32 functions can be set.
Overview of defined preset
menu and defining functions
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Function Keys Tab Sheet
The function key assignments defined in the Function Key
Assignment Builder are displayed in the Function Keys tab.
Also, the function key assignment can be defined temporarily.
The function of the
function keys can be
changed temporarily.
(If the function key
definition file is
downloaded, that file
replaces the current
file.)
See Supplement XI. Function Key Function Assignment.
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Operation Mark Tab Sheet
The operation marks which are defined in the Operation
Mark Builder are displayed in the Operation Mark tab. Also,
the label comment color of the operation mark may be
defined temporarily, as well.
Color and labels can
be changed temporarily.
(If the operation mark
definition file is
downloaded, that file
replaces the current
file.)
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Security Policy
CS1000/3000 Fundamental Course Textbook
PART-H
Security Policy
H-1. Security Overview
H-2. HIS Security
H-3. User Security
H-4. User Group
H-5. Window Authorities
H-6. Mode Selection Key
H-7. Function Block Security
H-8. Operation Mark
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Security Overview (1)
The security policy is set to prevent illegal operations and
other problems and ensuring the safety of the system.
The security policy restricts the scope of operation and
monitoring permitted for an operator, and masks certain
alarms of which the operator need not be notified.
In the CS 1000/CS 3000 security policy, “operation and monitoring” is
defined as follows:
• Operation
Setting data to function blocks, changing function block status and
other operations.
• Monitoring
Displaying function block data, acknowledgment of received
messages and alarms or calling up windows.
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Security Overview (2)
The following two types of policies are available in CS 1000/CS
3000.
• HIS Security Policy
HIS security policy stipulates the scope of operation and monitoring
allowed on the Human Interface Station. Regardless of the logon
users, the operation performed to a device or to a function block data
item may be restricted.
• User Security Policy
User security policy stipulates the scope of operation and monitoring
for the users.
Each user is restricted to operate or monitor a certain scope of devices
and function block data items.
The scope of operation and monitoring permitted for an operator is
determined by a combination of HIS security and user security
settings.
General-purpose Windows applications follow the security policy of
Windows. The user of CENTUM is different from the user of Windows.
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Flow of Security Check
HIS operation
Security check
HIS security check
Scope of operation
and monitoring
check for the HIS
User security check
Scope of operation
and monitoring
check for a user
group
Privilege levels
of operation and
monitoring check
for a user
Operation
• Window operation and monitoring
• Function block operation and monitoring Operation record
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Operation
History
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HIS Security
The security level regarding operation and monitoring as well as the
operation and monitoring scope can be set for the HIS itself. The HIS
security check has a precedence over the user security check.
The operation and monitoring scope of the HIS is unrelated with the
operation and monitoring scope set for each user group.
The security level setting means to select either monitoring only machine
or monitoring and operation machine (default).
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User Security
The operators performing the operation and monitoring
functions are classified based on their privilege level (authority).
This classification is called user.
The following attributes are assigned to each user:
User name:
Password:
User group:
Privilege level:
User recognition
User identification
Monitoring and operation scope
Monitoring and operation authority
The operations performed by the user are held as the operation record.
The operation record can be confirmed by the historical message report.
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User Privilege Levels
The users’ operation and monitoring rights on HIS are defined
according to privilege levels.
For each window, operation and monitoring rights can be
defined. Whether the user with a certain privilege level is
permitted to operate the specified data item can also be
defined.
The following default privilege levels are available (security level 4).
*1 Maintenance means the engineering work such as initiation of the builder.
See Supplement X. Function Block Security.
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Default User Names
The HIS offers the following default user names.
The privilege level of the user who accesses from the User-in Dialog
becomes valid when the mode selection key position of the
operation keyboard is OFF.
*1: When the user group for OFFUSER is changed to NONEGRP
and the HIS is started, the operation and monitoring will be disabled.
*2: User cannot user-in as PROG.
Password is not required for OFFUSER but required for ONUSER and
ENGUSER, the password is user definable. The user group can be changed for
any user.
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Switching Users
In the HIS, switching the OFFUSER to a different user is
called user-in, and the user switching back to the
OFFUSER is called user-out.
To perform user-in or user-out, call up the User-In dialog box
from the System Message window and enter a user name and
the password.
User–in at HIS startup
OFFUSER
USER A
USER B
User-in operation
Change password button
User-out operation
When an automatic user out-time is defined, the user automatically changes to the
OFFUSER when the automatic user-out time elapsed.
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User Group
The users are classified into groups based on their
operation and monitoring scopes.
This classification is called user group.
The following attributes are assigned to each user group:
• User group name:
• Monitoring scope:
• Operation and monitoring scope:
• Windows scope:
• Acknowledgement:
• Process message receiving:
User group recognition
Monitoring range
Operation and monitoring range
Window names for operation and monitoring
Acknowledgment range
Monitoring range of the generated messages
The range is set by the plant name. If the plant name is not used,
set by the station name and the control drawing.
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Default User Group
The following built-in default user groups are managed
by CS 1000/CS 3000 security policy.
The user group name may be defined on the Security Builder.
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Concepts of Scope and Privilege
Operation & monitoring scope of HIS0124.
Operation & monitoring scope of user Group-AB.
Whole Plant
Equipment
A
Equipment
B
Equipment
C
Equipment
D
Users in Group-AB:
OPS1-A: Monitoring
OPS2-A: Operation and monitoring
OPS3-A: Operation, monitoring and maintenance
Equipment
E
Operation & monitoring scope of users, OPS*-A in Group-AB
using HIS0124 and their privileges.
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Window Authorities
The table below shows operation and monitoring authorities
on windows, indicating which user can perform operation
and monitoring using which types of windows:
• Users of privilege level S1 or S2 cannot start System View from the system
message window, but can start and operate System View from [Start Menu].
• Users of privilege level S1 can operate and monitor general windows. However,
they can only monitor important windows and system operation windows excluding
System View.
• Users of privilege level S2 can operate and monitor general and important
windows. However, they can only monitor system operation windows excluding
System View.
• Users of privilege level S3 can operate and monitor all windows.
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Function Block Security
The attributes of function blocks contain security levels, tag
mark types and alarm processing levels. The attributes can
be defined to each function block in engineering. There is no
restriction on the combination of security levels, tag mark
types and alarm processing levels.
The tables below show the relationship of the function block’s data items
and the privilege levels in operation and monitoring rights.
R: Monitoring
W: Operation
The tables on operation and monitoring authority are fixed and cannot be edited.
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Function Block Security
The operation and monitoring authorities for three
different function security levels are shown below:
Level 2
Level 4
(Default)
Level 6
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Mode Selection Key
When the HIS is connected with an operation keyboard, the privilege
level of the user may be changed temporarily using the mode
selection key on the keyboard. The privilege level changed on the
keyboard has higher priority than the level set in the user-in dialog box.
The following two mode selection keys are used to switch the security level:
• Operation key (Privilege level S2)
The key can be switched between the ON and OFF positions only.
• Engineering key (Privilege level S3)
The key can be switched to any position.
In the case of the operation key When the engineering key is selected.
Changes between
the ON, OFF positions.
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The key can be switched
to any position.
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Operation Mark
To attach or remove an operation mark on a function
block may temporarily enable or disable the operation
restriction on the instrument faceplate.
When an operation mark is attached to a function block,
a comment label can be added to the function block or
the operation authorities on the function block can be
changed temporarily during plant operation. When the
operation mark is removed, operation authorities return
to the original setting.
Operation marks have the following attributes:
• Operation mark type
• Color
• Comment label
• Attachment/removal attribute
Color and comment label may be defined with HIS Setup function.
If the builder file is downloaded, that file replaces the current file.
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Types of Operation Marks
The security levels exerted by operation marks and the
types of operation marks are displayed as follows.
Not used in default.
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Install or Remove Operation Mark
The unauthorized user is prohibited to install / remove the
operation mark. The setting of installing/removing is
performed in Operation Mark Builder.
The relationship between user’s privilege level and the
operation rights on installing/removing mark authority is shown
below:
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FCS Common
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-A
FCS Common
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FCS Common
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-A FCS Common
A1. FCS Basic Definition
A2. FCS Function Overview
A3. I/O Functions of FCS
A3.1. Process I/O
A3.2. Software I/O
Reference: IM33S01B30-01E
Field Control Station PART-A FCS Common
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FCS Basic Definitions
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-A 1
FCS Basic Definition
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FCS Property
On the creation of FCS, define FCS type, station number,
database type and so on with the property window.
Station type definition:
Select the FCS station type for use
from the station type list.
Station number
See GS and IM for details of FCS types.
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FCS Property
The database type define window.
Database type definition:
Select usable database type for the FCS
station type.
The selectable database types
vary with the station type.
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FCS Database Types
Examples of usable number of function blocks and
elements for the database types:
Database type
(LFCS)
General
purpose
Regulatory
monitoring
Sequence
monitoring
Sequential
control
Regulatory control /
calculation blocks
700
2000
300
400
Sequence blocks
450
200
200
600
Switch instruments
450
450
2000
1000
See Supplement III. FCS Database Types.
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FCS Property
The high speed scan periods and the network protocols are
defined by FCS property dialog.
Scan period setting for the high
speed scan.
(Common for function blocks)
Control network protocol
Use default settings. No
change is allowed.
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FCS Constants
Detailed definitions of the FCS can be set with the StnDef
(FCS constants builder) file in the CONFIGURATION folder.
FCS constants builder defines wind-up time (a preparatory processing for
organizing time-series data), repeated warning alarm period and so on.
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FCS Constants
The window that defines the FCS start conditions.
Selection of the start conditions and
setting of detection time for the
momentary power failure. (effective
only for TIME start condition.)
FCS constants cannot be online downloaded.
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FCS Start Conditions
When FCS starts at the time of power recovery after the
power failure, the condition either initialized start or restart is
referred to as the start condition.
Three selectable conditions are available:
Start condition
Start operation
MAN (Initialized start)
Prolonged power failure
TIME (Restart at
momentary power
failure)
Initialized start
(Momentary power failure detection
time < Power failure time)
Momentary power failure
(Momentary power failure detection
time > Power failure time)
Restart
AUTO (Restart)
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Flow of FCS Start
Initialized start
Restart
Start processing from the
beginning of periodic processing.
Continue processing from
the discontinued point.
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FCS Start Processing
Two types of start processing:
Initialized Start
Restart
System initialization processing
System initialization processing
User defined initialization
processing*
Finish the discontinued function block
processing by power failure
Wind-up operation**
User defined initialization processing
Start processing from the beginning
of periodic processing.
Continue processing from the
discontinued point.
* User definition initialization processing: The processing timing of initialization start
(B) or initialization start and restart (I) that is specified on sequential control blocks.
** Wind-up operation: Windup operation is a preparatory processing for organizing
time-series data that are required for control operations.
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FCS Function Overview
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-A 2
FCS Function Overview
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Configuration of FCS Functions
FCS control functions consist of the basic control functions, the
software I/O functions and I/O interface functions. The basic control
functions have various function blocks that perform control
computations. The I/O interfaces include the process I/O and other
interface functions.
FCS
Basic control
Software I/O
I/O interfaces
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Function Block and Control Drawing
The function blocks, which are the minimum elements
consisting the basic control function, and the control
drawings, which connect multiple function blocks, configure
the FCS control functions hierarchically.
TIC100
PID
Control drawing
Function block
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Function Block
Function block:
The function block is the minimum element that executes control
computations.
Regulatory control blocks, sequential control blocks, computation
blocks, SFC blocks are the function blocks.
The control functions can be described like an instrumentation flow
sheet by connecting regulatory control, sequential control and
computation blocks.
Every function block should have a tag name and be stated on a
control drawing.
FIC100
TI100
CU201
ST22-A
TIM201
PID
PVI
CALCU
ST16
TM
Function blocks
(Regulatory control, Computation, Sequential control)
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Control Drawing
Control drawing:
A unit of control consists of more than one function block is
referred to as a control drawing.
The control drawing builder is used to configure the basic
functions of the FCS. With the builder, operations such as
registering function blocks in the drawing file and determining
the flow of data between function blocks can be performed
graphically.
Status display for control drawing:
When a control drawing is created and saved, the display indicating
the status of the control drawing files can be set. The status display
can be edited with the status display builder.
No. of drawings: 50 for CS1000 and 200 for CS3000.
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Control Drawing
CS1000/CS3000
The features of the control
drawing are as follows:
Regulatory
control blocks
1) A single control drawing can
include different types of
function blocks, like regulatory
control blocks and sequential
control blocks.
Sequential
control blocks
Control drawing
FCS
2) No restrictions of signal
transmission between control
drawings. A function block can
be connected to the function
block on another control
drawing.
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Calculation
blocks
Regulatory control
functions
Calculation
functions
Sequential control
functions
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Control Drawing
No restrictions of signal transmission between the control drawings.
FCS0101
DR0001
DR0002
DR0025
DR0050
AREAIN block connection
FCS0102
DR0012
DR0013
AREAOUT block connection
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Control Drawing
In order to add or edit function blocks, click on the control
drawing file (DRnnnn) in the FUNCTION_BLOCK folder.
Control drawing
To edit a status display, click
on the DISPLAY folder and
then the control drawing.
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I/O Functions of FCS (Process I/O)
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-A 3
I/O Functions of FCS
A3.1. Process I/O
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I/O Functions of FCS
The software I/O is the virtual I/O
realized by the FCS software. Data
setting or data reference to or from
other function blocks or applications
is possible.FCS
Basic control
Software I/O
The I/O interfaces can handle not only
process I/O but also sub-system I/O as
PLC and fieldbus I/O.
I/O interfaces
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Process I/O
The process I/Os are shown below:
Analog input:
Current input, voltage input, mV input, TC input, RTD input,
potentiometer input, pulse train input.
Analog output:
Current output, voltage output.
Contact input:
Contact ON/OFF input signals from field devices to the FCS. Two
types of signals exist; status signals and push button signals.
Contact output:
Contact ON/OFF output signals from the FCS to field devices.
(The status output signals of a status type I/O module can be
manipulated in the following styles:
Latched type, non-latched type, pulse type and flashing type output.)
By combining the I/O module with a barrier, an intrinsically safe loop can be constructed.
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-A FCS Common, A3 Process Inputs/Outputs.
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Types of Contact Output
Latched (H) type output:
The latched type output holds the current output status until ON
or OFF operation is executed.
The latched and non-latched type output can also be applied for internal
switches, annunciator message outputs and so on.
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Types of Contact Output
Non-latched (L) type output:
The non-latched type output turns ON when logical computation
result becomes true and turns OFF when becomes not true.
OFF action is not effective for the non-latched type output.
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Types of Contact Output
Pulse (P) type output:
The pulse type output turns ON for only one scan cycle when
logical computation result becomes true. After one scan cycle, it
turns OFF.
OFF action is not effective for the pulse type output.
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Types of Contact Output
Flashing (F) type output:
The flashing type output starts flashing when ON operation is
executed and stops flashing when OFF operation is executed. In
order to turn off the current state, OFF operation as H type is
required.
c
The flashing type output can not be applied for internal switches,
annunciator message outputs and so on.
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I/O Module Definition
The necessary process I/O modules are installed to the FCS.
Types and installation positions the of the installed I/O modules
should be defined before using the I/O modules.
The types of the I/O modules
can be used may differ on the
FCS station types and I/O bus
types.
When the FCS consists of multiple
nodes, create the node that installs
the I/O modules before creating the
I/O modules.
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-F Engineering, F1.5 Creating New IOM.
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I/O Module Definition
“Create New” function of IOM folder in the FCS folder
may be used to create or add the I/O modules installed
to the FCS (an example for SFCS).
Selection of the module to
be created or added.
Select IOM creation.
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I/O Module Definition
I/O module definition dialog (an example for SFCS).
Select the type of module nest
from the list.
Select the type of I/O module from
the list.
Unit installation
position
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Slot installation
position
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I/O Module Definition
For each I/O module
in the analog I/O nest,
definitions of input
signal type, signal
conversion, range and
so on are required.
For each contact I/O module
terminal, definitions of tag
name, switch position label,
button color and so on are
required.
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I/O Module Definition
Detailed setting items related to the hardware for each I/O module
can be defined with ‘Set details’ dialog on the ‘Tool’ tab.
(IOP detection, OOP detection, square root extraction and so on.)
IOP detection
Square-root extraction
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-A FCS Common, A3 Process Inputs/Outputs.
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Terminal Number of Process I/O
It is required to specify the process I/O terminal number to
connect the process I/O to a process I/O function block (PIO).
Format of process I/O terminal number (RIO FCS)
An example of
terminal number
%Znnuscc
Terminal (01 to 32)
Slot (1 to 4)
Unit (1 to 5)
Node number (01 to 16)
Format of process I/O terminal number (FIO FCS)
%Znnuscc
Process input module
Terminal (01 to 64)
1 fixed (Segment Nos. 1 to 4: Communication modules.)
Slot (1 to 8)
Node number (01 to 10)
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-A FCS Common, A2 Outline of Input and Output Interfaces.
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Terminal Number of Process I/O
The meaning of the parameter nnuscc indicating
the installation position differs on the types of the
FCS:
An example of
terminal number
• RIO bus (RIO system) LFCS (SFCS, PFCS
inclusive)
• ESB bus (FIO system) KFCS
The FCS builder is common for all types of FCS. The differences lie only on IOM
installation specifications and the process I/O terminal specifications. Other
specifications are independent to the hardware. Not necessary to consider the type
of FCS in engineering.
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I/O Functions of FCS (Software I/O)
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-A 3
I/O Functions of FCS
A3.2. Software I/O
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Roles of Software I/O
The software I/O may be used for operation tests and for
status operations in the sequential control.
Basic control
Software I/O
I/O interfaces
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Software I/O
The software I/O enables data setting or data reference to or from
other function blocks or applications same as in the process I/O.
Types of software I/O:
• Internal switch:
The internal switches
exchange logical values
between function blocks
or applications.
• Message output:
The message that
transmits the occurrence
of events.
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Examples of Using Software I/O
Internal switch (Start switch)
Message Output
Annunciator message output
Heating start
Reactor A charge end
Operator guide message output
14:05 Reactor A heating start
Sequence operations like SV
setting, block mode switching in
a regulatory control.
An internal switch latched output
for the graphic display modify.
TIC101
Heating
PID
FIC101
PID
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Data Formats of Software I/O
The table below shows data formats of the software I/O:
As the status is saved in the FCS as bit data, they can be
used for condition signals (input) in the sequential control.
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-A FCS Common, A4 Software Inputs/Outputs.
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Software I/O Output Destination
The table below shows the output destinations of the software I/O:
: Message outputs often used.
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Internal Switches
The internal switch (Global switches and Common switches) definition
files are in the SWITCH folder in the FCS folder. Define them before use.
Common switch definition files
Global switch definition file
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Common Switches (%SW)
The common switches are one of internal switches shared by
various control functions in the FCS to hold logical values.
The common switches do not output the logical values. The
control functions execute condition testing or status
manipulation of the switches.
Condition testing
%SWnnnn.PV ON/OFF
Status manipulation
%SWnnnn.PV H/L
nnnn: Element number
H = Latched output
L = Non-latched output
For CS1000: %SW0201 - %SW1000 for user’s use.
For CS3000: %SW0401 - %SW4000 for user’s use
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Common Switches for System
The common switches for the system use are the common
switches from %SW0001 to %SW0400 exclusively used for the
system. Users, however, can refer their status.
For CS1000 and CS3000 up to R 3.03: Up to %SW0200.
The system use common switches from %SW0001 to %SW0007 are
used to distinguish the start conditions of the FCS. The users can refer
the switches as the condition testing for the initialization of the
sequential control.
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-A FCS Common, A4.1 Common Switch.
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Global Switches (%GS)
The global switches share the same logical values
between all stations in a system (same domain).
Any applications in the station can read and write the global
switch status of the own station.
FCS01
Link
transmission FCS02
FCS
Station１（R/W）
FCS
Station１（R）
FCS
Station2
（R）
FCS
Station2（R/W）
R: Read enabled
W: Write enabled
V net
Only CS3000 and CS1000 enhanced type can use the global switches.
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Using Global Switches
The global switches can be effectively used for sending
signals to or referring the status of control equipment in
other control stations.
FCS01
Boiler control
Reference
Request to start sub-boiler
Setting
Setting
Sub-boiler operating
Reference
Setting
Sub-boiler abnormal
Reference
FCS02
Equipment 1A
control
Global switches of FCS02
Global switches of FCS01
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Scan Transmission Definition
To transfer or receive the values of global switches between
stations, define scan transmission with the FCS constants
definition builder. (Default setting is no transmission.)
FCS constants definition window
Buffer size setting
(32 bytes fixed).
Transmission for
individual station.
Buffer size setting on
stations to transmit
(32 bytes fixed).
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Global Switches
The formats for condition testing and status manipulation of the
global switches are shown below: (Station number for the status
manipulation is omitted as the manipulation is only possible for
the own station.)
Condition testing
%GSnnnmm.PV ON/OFF
nnn: Element number (001 – 256)
mm: Station number (can be omitted for the own station)
Status manipulation
%GSnnn.PV H/L
TE33Q6C40-01E
H = Latched output
L = Non-latched output
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Message Outputs
The definition files of the message outputs (annunciator
messages, operator guide messages and so on) are in
MESSAGE folder in the FCS folder. Define them before use.
Operator guide message
definition file
Annunciator message definition file
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Annunciator Messages (%AN)
The annunciator messages (%AN) realize the function of an
annunciator panel on the instrumentation panel by the software.
Different from other messages, the annunciator messages hold
the status for the alarm occurrence as the logical values.
Condition testing
%ANnnnn.PV ON/OFF
nnnn: Element number
Status manipulation
%ANnnnn.PV H/L
H = Latched output
L = Non-latched output
CS1000: %AN0001 to %AN0200 are available.
CS3000: %AN0001 to %AN1000 are available
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Annunciator Message (%AN)
The alarm processing levels can be defined for each annunciator
message. The relations between the alarm processing levels and
the alarm state transitions are as follows:
• High-priority alarm: Lock type, Repeated warning alarm provided
• Medium-priority alarm: Lock type
Alarm processing
• Low-priority alarm: Non-lock type
level setting
• Logging alarm: Self-acknowledge type
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Annunciator Message (%AN)
The occurrence of an annunciator message is shown below:
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Annunciator Message
Lock type (High and medium-priority alarms)
Alarm priority
levels and state
transitions of the
annunciator
message.
Alarm
absent state
Flashing
OFF
Acknowledgement
Occurrence
Recovery
Recovery
Alarm
present state
Flashing
OFF
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Alarm
absent state
Flashing
ON
Acknowledgement
Re-warning
52
Occurrence
Alarm
present state
Flashing
ON
YOKOGAWA
Annunciator Message
Non-lock type (Low-priority alarm)
Alarm priority levels
and state transitions
of the annunciator
message.
Alarm
absent state
Flashing
OFF
Occurrence
Recovery
Recovery
Acknowledgement
Alarm
present state
Flashing
OFF
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Re-warning
53
Alarm
present state
Flashing
ON
YOKOGAWA
Annunciator Message
Self-acknowledgement type (Logging alarm)
Alarm priority levels and
state transitions of the
annunciator message.
Alarm
absent state
Flashing
OFF
Recovery
Occurrence
Alarm
present state
Flashing
OFF
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Re-warning Alarm
The re-warning alarm function for the annunciator message
output is provided to output the message again if the alarm
condition continues existing over the set period (time-repeated
warning) regardless of the operator’s acknowledgement.
The two types of the re-warning
functions are available:
Re-warning alarm cycle setting in FCS constants definition file.
• Timer-repeated warning:
Time repeated warnings are for
high-priority alarm.
• Event-repeated warning:
Event repeated warnings can
be applied regardless of the
alarm priority.
Re-warning alarm cycle: 0 to 3600 seconds.
Default setting is 600 seconds.
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-A FCS Common, A4.3 Annunciator Message Output.
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Re-warning Alarm
• Timer repeated warning:
The timer repeated warning function outputs the message at
each repeated warning cycle.
Operation by re-warning
Acknowledgment
Operation by re-warning
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Operator Guide Message (%OG)
The operator guide message outputs alert the operators via
the operator guide window in real time.
• Specification:
%OGnnnn.PV NON
nnnn: Element number
%OG0001 to 0100 for CS1000
%OG0001 to 0200 for CS3000
• Designations:
Display on the operator guide window.
Generation of an electronic sound.
Flashing of the operator guide mark in the operator guide
window.
Output to a printer.
Logging into a file.
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-A FCS Common, A4.4 Sequence Message.
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Operator Guide Message (%OG)
The occurrence of an operator guide message is shown below:
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Message Output Functions
The message output functions for sequential controls are used
to alert operators or to notify events to other applications.
Printout
Logging
Other functions
Printout message output (%PR)
Yes
Yes
Printout with messages
Operator guide message output (%OG)
Yes
Yes
Electronic sounds, display
Multi-media function start message output (%VM)
No
Yes
Multi-media function start
Sequence message request (%RQ)
No
Yes
Startup HIS functions
Supervisory computer message output (%M3)
No
No
Event message output
Signal event message output (%EV)
No
No
Output to SEBOL
SFC/SEBOL return-event message output (%RE)
No
No
Output to SFC block
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-A FCS Common, A4.4 Sequence Message.
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Function Blocks
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-B
Function Blocks
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Function Blocks
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-B Function Blocks
B1.
B2.
B3.
B4.
B5.
B6.
B7.
B8.
Structure of Function Blocks
I/O Connection
Input Processing
Control Computation Processing
Output Processing
Alarm Processing – FCS
Block Mode and Status
Processing Timing
Reference: IM33S01B30-01E
PART-C Function Block Common
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Structure of Function Blocks
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-B 1
Structure of Function Blocks
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Structure of Function Blocks
The structure of regulatory control function block PID:
SET
CSV
BIN
RL1
RL2
(VN)
(RLV1)
(RLV2)
MAN
RCAS
IN
RAW
PV
Control
computation
processing
(PV, ΔPV, MV, ΔMV)
Reading a raw data from
the input terminal,
performs input
processing to output PV.
TE33Q6C40-01E
INT
Detects an abnormality
in PV, MV and notifies
the operation and
monitoring functions.
SV
RSV
TSI
(TSW)
Alarm
processing
CAS
AUT
MAN
Input
processing
TIN
CAS
AUT
Output
processing
MV
OUT
ROUT
RMV
SUB
Reading PV and SV, performs
control computation
processing to output MV.
4
Reads MV and outputs
the result of output
processing to the output
terminal.
YOKOGAWA
Function Block Creation and Wiring
An example of a function block creation and wiring on a control drawing:
Select the function block to be
added with a selection icon.
Create a connection
between function blocks,
a function block and I/O
with a wiring Icon.
Line color by automatic wiring is magenta.
Line color by manual wiring is cyan.
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I/O Connection
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-B 2
I/O Connection
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I/O Connection
By performing the I/O connections, data can be exchanged
between a function block and the connection destination
according to the connection method.
The three types of connections are available:
Data reference, data setting.
Data connection
Connection between regulatory
control block terminals.
Terminal connection
Sequence connection
TE33Q6C40-01E
Condition testing, status manipulation.
7
YOKOGAWA
Data Connection
The data connection can exchange data values and data
status between a data item and a connected destination of
specified elements.
Data reference
Data setting
Data reference is a type of data connection that
reads data from a connected destination to the input
terminal of a function block.
In the data reference, multiple function blocks can
refer a single connected destination data.
Data setting is a type of data connection that
writes data to the connected destination from an
output terminal of a function block.
In the data setting to a process output, one to one
correspondence between the output terminal and
the process output is required.
Not necessary to specify the data connection type in engineering.
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Data Connection Destinations
In the data connection, the following five types of connection
destinations for the I/O terminal of function blocks are provided.
• Data connection to process I/O => I/O modules.
• Data connection to software I/O => Annunciator etc.
• Data connection to communication I/O => Sub-system communication module.
• Data connection to fieldbus I/O => Fieldbus communication module.
• Data connection to other function bocks => Data items of other function blocks.
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Data Connection with Process I/O
There are two types of data connections with the process I/O:
The data reference from a process input module and the data
setting to a process output module.
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Data Connection with Function Blocks
Data connection with other function blocks is an I/O connection
that connects data items such as process variables (PV) and
manipulated output values (MV) held in the other function blocks,
to the function block’s I/O terminals.
An example of data connection with other function blocks’ data items is
shown below:
I/O Connection Information:
Element symbol name.data item name
• Element symbol name: A tag name, label name, element number or
terminal number that identifies the connection destination.
• Data item name: PV, RV, MV, etc.
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Terminal Connection
The terminal connection specifies an input or an output
terminal of another function block as the connection
destination of the function block. Examples often used
are shown below:
Connection between function blocks
In the cascade control, the terminal (OUT) of the function block in
the upstream is connected to the set terminal (SET) or the input
terminal (IN, Inn) terminal of the function block in the downstream.
Connection via transfer switch block
Either input terminals or output terminals of SW-33 and SW-91
should be connected in the way of the terminal connection.
In case of the terminal connection, signals may flow bi-directionally.
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Terminal Connection
In the cascade control, the terminal (OUT) of the function
block in the upstream is connected to the set terminal
(SET) of the function block in the downstream.
Signal flows bi-directionally.
I/O Connection Information:
Element symbol name.I/O terminal name
• Element symbol name: A tag name identifies the connection destination.
• I/O terminal name: IN, OUT, SET, etc.
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Terminal and Data Connection
In the SW-33 or SW-91 block, it is possible to mix two
methods; reading data by the terminal connection and by
the data connection.
Whatever the switch block is used or not, the connection between two
function blocks (PID and AS-H) should be the terminal connection.
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Sequence Connection
The sequence connection is used for the condition testing of input
signals or the status manipulation of output elements with the
function block.
In the sequential control, the processing done on reading data from the
connection destination is referred to as [Condition testing], the
processing done on writing data into the connection destination is
referred to as [Status manipulation].
The connecting information is described as below:
Element symbol name.Data item name.Condition specification
Element symbol name.Data item name.Action specification
An example: FIC100.MODE.AUT
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Connection between Drawings/Stations
A data item or an I/O terminal of the function block in a control
drawing can be connected to the I/O terminal or a data item of
the function block in another control drawing or control station.
The following diagram shows an example of cascade control using the
connection between control stations (FCS).
Control bus (V net)
FCS0101
FCS0102
Terminal connection
ADL
Function block
IN
PID
Function block
IN
OUT
SET
PID
OUT
Inter-station connection block
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Connection between Drawings
The AREAIN block enables the connections between control drawings.
DR0021
DR0022
LDLAG block
FF100
OUT
LDLAG
Data setting
TIC200.VN
AREAIN block
IN
VN
PVI block
FI100
PV
Data reference
FI100.PV
PVI
AREAIN block
IN
PID block
TIC200
PID
OUT
PID block
FIC100
SET
Terminal connection
PID
TE33Q6C40-01E
FIC100.SET
AREAIN block
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YOKOGAWA
Data Connection between Stations
The AREAOUT block enables the connections between control stations.
The inter-station connection block (ADL) is automatically generated.
FCS0101
FCS0102
LDLAG block
FF100
OUT
LDLAG
Data setting
TIC200.VN
AREAOUT block
(ADL)
IN
VN
PVI block
FI100
PV
Data reference
FI100.PV
PVI
AREAOUT block
(ADL)
IN
PID block
TIC200
PID
OUT
PID block
FIC100
SET
Terminal connection
PID
TE33Q6C40-01E
FIC100.SET
AREAOUT block
(ADL)
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YOKOGAWA
Input Processing
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-B 3
Input Processing
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Input Processing
The processing that performs before control computation for
the input signal read from the connection destination is called
“Input processing”.
Apply the 1st order lag filter to
the signal from the input signal
conversion function to get PV.
Input signal conversion
PV/FV
overshoot
No conversion
CAL
BAD
CAL
Input
module
RAW
Read the input
signal from the
process Input
module or other
function blocks.
TE33Q6C40-01E
PV
Analog input
square root
extraction
Digital
filter
The function to integrate
the signal from the input
signal conversion function.
Pulse train
input
conversion
CAL
BAD
Communication
input
conversion
Integration
20
SUM
YOKOGAWA
Overview of Input Processing
The input processing common to regulatory control blocks and
calculation blocks are as follows:
• Input signal conversion (No conversion, square root extraction, pulse train
conversion, communication input conversion and so on.)
• Digital filter
• Integration
• OV/FV/CPV
overshoot
• Calibration
The input processing of the function
block can be defined with [Basic] and
[Input] tabs of the function block
detail definition builder.
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-C Function Block Common, C3 Input Processing.
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Input Signal Conversion
No conversion:
Input signal conversion is not performed with “No conversion”.
The raw data, however, read from current/voltage input modules
into the IN terminal (0 to 100% data) are converted to the form of
engineering data with high/low scaling specified for the PV. The
raw data read from TC/RTD input modules into the IN terminal
(engineering data) are not converted.
Input signal no conversion.
LINEAR is specified.
(default)
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Analog Input Square Root Extraction
When a differential pressure transmitter is used, in order to
convert from the analog input signal (differential pressure
signal) into the signal of the flow (flow signal), the square root
extraction is performed.
For the square root extraction, low
input cut-off value can be set.
This function changes the value after the square root extraction to zero when the
input signal is below low input cut-off value. It improves the accuracy at very low
flow rate.
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Square Root Extraction
When the square root extraction is used, care must be
taken to avoid duplicated definition.
The function block input
processing has a square root
extraction function.
FIC100
Function block
PID
Input module
The function block input
module has a square root
extraction function.
Input
module
There transmitters that have
a square root extraction
function.
Transmitter
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Pulse-Train Input Conversion
A process variable (PV) is calculated based on the
integrated pulse count value (P) read from the pulse-train
input and its measurement time (t).
For the pulse-train input, a pulse rate (default is 1 Hz) and an input
buffer size (default is AUT) must be specified.
Pulse Rate (P-rate) refers to the input pulse frequency measured when the PV
is at the scale high limit.
See Supplement IV. Pulse Train Input Conversion.
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Communication Input Conversion
Communication input conversion performs [Data conversion]
and [High/low-limit check] for the input data read from the
communication module.
Data conversion:
With the communication input, the raw input data read from the input
terminal may be in the specific format. The data need to be converted
into process variable (PV) with the engineering unit.
M=GAIN·N+BIAS
M: PV
N: Communication input
GAIN: Conversion gain
(default is 1.000)
BIAS: Conversion bias
(default is 0.000)
High/low-limit check:
In order to induce the input open alarm status in the function block,
the high/low-limit check is performed.
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Digital Filter
The digital filter is the function to reduce the noises from the
process input signal by means of the first-order lag filter.
Three coefficients are provided: Coefficient 1, 2 and 3.
Yn=(1-α)·X+ α·Yn-1
Yn = Current filtering data
Yn-1 = Previous filtering data
X = Input data
α = Filter coefficient
α= 0.5
(default setting)
Filter coefficient (α) and Time constant (T*)
Coefficient 1
Coefficient 2
Coefficient 3
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0
0.5
0.75
0.875
1
0
1
3
7
∞
When IN terminal is connected to I/O
module, coefficient 1 is used.
*T: Unit is second and scan period is 1 second.
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Integration
Integration refers to the function in which the input signal or
the value after the input processing is integrated.
• The integration performs integration processing for the
calculated value before the digital filtering.
• In the calibration mode (CAL), the PV value is integrated.
• The time scale is selected from second, minute, hour or day.
• The maximum number of totalized digits is 8. When the
totalized digits exceed 8, the totalized values are reset to zero
and integration continues.
For the integration,
the low-input cut
value can be
specified.
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PV/FV/CPV Overshoot
The PV overshoot refers to the function block in which the
process variable (PV) is coincided with the scale high-limit (SH)
or the scale low-limit (SL) when the data status is invalid (BAD).
(PV/CPV overshoot functions when the I/O connection method is the process
connection. FV overshoot functions only for the motor control function blocks.)
Reason for invalidity (BAD) and overshoot value.
The default setting is “Holding PV”.
“Overshoot PV” is also selectable.
With “Holding PV,” when the data status of process variable (PV) becomes
invalid, the last good process variable is held.
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-C Function Block Common, C5 Alarm Processing - FCS.
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Calibration
The calibration is the function in which the emulated signal for
a process variable (PV) or a calculated output value (CPV) in
the function block can be set manually by the operation and
monitoring functions for maintenance or testing.
• The color of PV bar display changes to cyan.
• The process variable can be set manually.
• Integration continues with the process variable (PV).
• The alarm check for the process variable (PV) is bypassed.
• Block mod changes to manual (MAN).
Calibration setting button
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Control Computation Processing
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-B 4
Control Computation Processing
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Control Computation Processing
The PID control computation in the PID control function block
calculates a manipulated output change (ΔMV) with the specified PID
control algorithm. And then either velocity form or positional form
output action converts the ΔMV to MV.
The figure below shows a block diagram of PID control computation:
PID Control Computation
Algorithms
SV
PV
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PID / PI-D / I-PD
Output actions
ΔMV
Velocity / Positional
MV
PI / I
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Output Processing
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-B 5
Output Processing
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Output Processing
Output processing refers to the processing that is executed to the
values obtained from the control computation before output it.
AUT/CAS/RCAS/PRD
MH
AUT/CAS/RCAS/ROUT/PRD
ML
MAN
MAN/TRK
TRK
Output
limiter
Control
computation
Preset MV
＋
ΔMV limiter
-
ROUT
＋
MV
＋
TRK
RMV
Output
conversion
MVrb
No
conversion
Aux. output
TIN
SUB
OUT
Output
module
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Output Processing
The output processing common to the regulatory control
blocks:
• Output limiter
• Output velocity limiter
• Output clamp
• Preset manipulated output
• Output tracking
• Output range tracking
• Manipulated output index
• Output conversion (no conversion, pulse width output conversion,
communication output conversion and so on)
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-C Function Block Common, C4 Output Processing.
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Output Limiter
The output limiter limits the manipulated output (MV)
within the manipulated output high-limit (MH) and low-limit
(ML) values in AUT mode.
High/low limit
expansion function
When the mode is transferred from MAN to AUT mode, if the
manipulated output has exceeded the high/low limit values, the high/low
limit values are temporarily expanded to avoid abrupt change in the
manipulated output (MV).
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Output Velocity Limiter
It is a function to limit the amount of change between the
previous and the current manipulated outputs, so as to
avoid the abrupt changes in MV.
• The output velocity limiter can be bypassed in MAN mode.
• In MAN mode the manipulated output values are displayed intact
on the operation and monitoring windows.
• The limiter does not function in a 2-position and a 3-position
ON/OFF controller.
The output velocity limiter is ineffective in the default
setting (100%).
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Output Clamp
Output clamp prevents the manipulated output value (MV)
from exceeding or falling below the current value.
The high limit clamp (CLP+) or the low-limit clamp
(CLP-) of MV data status is initiated on one of the
following conditions:
• The output value is limited by the output
limiter.
• The data status of the cascade-connected
destination is either CLP+ or CLP-.
C
C
C is indicated in the MV pointer. C
CLP+ and CLP- are the data status.
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Preset Manipulated Output
The preset manipulated output forces a block mode to MAN
and output a preset value as the manipulated output MV
through an external command.
The command to output the preset value is generated by
switching the preset MV switch (PSW) from 0 to 1, 2 or 3.
• PSW=0: Preset manipulated output is not effective.
• PSW=1: MV=MSL (Low limit value of MV)
• PSW=2: MV=MSH (High limit value of MV)
• PSW=3: MV=PMV (Preset MV output value)
The preset MV switch (PSW) value will be automatically reset to 0 when
the preset manipulated output function is activated to set the
manipulated output (MV) at a preset value.
The preset manipulated output value (PMV) is a value set as a tuning
parameter from the operation and monitoring function, or from the
General-Purpose Calculation Blocks.
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Output Tracking
The output tracking is the function that forces the output
value to match the value of the output destination or the
value of the tracking input value.
TIC101
PID
OUT
Output tracking
MV
[In TRK (tracking) mode and
IMAN (initialization manual) mode]
Terminal connection
SET
FIC101
PID
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Output Range Tracking
The output range tracking is the function that forces the scale
high/low-limit of the MV to match those of the output destination,
and the values of data items related to the MV are recalculated
whenever the scale high/low-limit changes.
PID
MSH
MSL
Output range tracking (MSH and MSL in the
upper stream will track SH and SL in the
downstream.)
The output range tracking is the default setting
(Automatic). When (Self) is specified, output range
changes to 0 to 100% for free setting.
OUT
Terminal connection
SET
PID
SH
SL
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Manipulated Output Index
The manipulated output indexes show the permissible
range of the manual MV at normal operation. The manual
output index is only available for regulatory control blocks.
Permissible MV
range
(OPHI, OPLO)
The default setting for the indexes is Yes. The
values can be set on the tuning window.
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Output Signal Conversion
The output signal conversion converts the result of control
calculation to an output format for the output modules or other
function blocks.
The output signal conversion may be used for the processes common to
the regulatory control blocks and the calculation blocks, and for the
processes for the specific function blocks.
Output signal conversion processes common to function blocks and
calculation blocks:
• No conversion
• Pulse width output conversion (only for regulatory control blocks)
• Communication output conversion
Output signal conversion processes for specific function
blocks:
• Motor control block output
• 2 or 3-position ON/OFF controller output
• Time proportional ON/OFF controller output
• Flow/mass totalizing batch set block output
• Pulse count block output
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Output Signal Conversion
When the regulatory control block outputs to the analog output
module, the tight-shut or the full-open functions and the direction
of analog output can be defined.
Default is -17.19% (Ms) and 106.25% (Mf).
TE33Q6C40-01E
The negative direction can be set with detailed
setting in the IOM builder.
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Alarm Processing - FCS
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-B 6
Alarm Processing - FCS
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Alarm Processing - FCS
Function
blocks
Alarm setpoint
values
The function that
detects abnormality of
the process from PV,
MV and other values.
Re-warning alarm
Process
data
Alarm
detection
function
Alarm status
The function that
summarizes the results of
the alarm detection
function and notifies the
operation and monitoring
functions as a message.
Alarm
notification
function
Alarm message
Alarm
detection setting
Alarm
acknowledgement state
Alarm inhibition
(AOF)
Acknowledgement
operation
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Alarm Detection Function
The following alarm detections are performed:
Alarm status* Data item
• Input open alarm check
IOP, IOP• Input error alarm check
IOP, IOP• Input high-high/low-low limit alarm check HH, LL
HH, LL
• Input high/low limit alarm check
HI, LO
PH, PL
• Input velocity alarm check
VEL+, VELVL
• Deviation alarm check
DV+, DVDV
• Output open alarm check
OOP
• Output high/low-limit alarm check
MHI, MLO
MH, ML
• Connection failure alarm check
CNF
* Colors of alarm status are of default.
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-C Function Block Common, C5 Alarm Processing - FCS.
See also Supplement V. Block Mode and VI. Block Status, Alarm Status, Data Status.
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Input Open Alarm Check
The input open alarm check generates the high/low limit input
open alarm (IOP, IOP-) when the input value is out of the
range of the high/low limit input open detection setpoint.
The Input open alarm check is performed by the input module. The function
blocks that are connected directly to the input module receives the check
results from the input module as a data status, and the high and low limit
input open alarm is activated or recovered.
Operations at IOP generation:
• Stop the input processing.
• Hold the input value (Holding PV) before the alarm occurrence (when
“Overshoot PV” is not defined).
• In the regulatory control blocks, MAN fall back operation is performed
and the block mode changes to MAN.
The setting of the input open alarm check type can be defined in the “input
open alarm” on the Function Block Detail Builder.
The high and low limit input open detection setpoint values can be defined in
the IOM Builder Detail Setting.
The default values of input open detection setpoint:
IOP = 106.3 %,
-IOP = -6.3 %
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Input Error Alarm Check
The input error alarm check determines whether the data
status of the input value is invalid (BAD). When the data is
invalid (BAD), the high-limit input open alarm (IOP) is
activated*.
The possible causes of the invalid (BAD) data status of the input
value are listed below:
• Input open detected
• I/O module failure
• Block mode of the block for data reference is disabled (O/S)
• Data status of the data for data reference is invalid (BAD)
• Data status of the input value fails to communicate (NCOM)
* However, when the cause of the invalidity (BAD) data status is low-limit
input open, the low-limit input open alarm (IOP-) is activated and the highlimit input open alarm (IOP) is not activated.
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HH, PH, PL and LL Alarm Check
The input high-high limit, high limit, low limit and low-low
limit alarm check may generate an alarm to indicate that
the input signal is in high-high, high, low and low-low
alarming status (HH, HI, LO, LL).
Hysteresis (HYS):
Engineering unit data within the range of
0 to PV scale span, or percentage data
for the PV scale span. When specifying
percentage data, add % after the
numeric value. The default is 2.0 %.
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Velocity Alarm Check
The input velocity alarm check may generate an alarm to
indicate that the velocity in positive direction (VEL+) or
velocity in negative direction (VEL-) is in alarming status.
• Hysteresis (HYS): The default is 2.0 %.
• Number of samplings (N): 1 to 12 points. The default setting is 1 point
• Sampling interval (Tp): 1 to 10,000. Unit is scan interval. The default setting is 1
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Deviation Alarm Check
The deviation alarm check may generate an alarm to indicate
that the deviation (DV=PV-SV) in positive direction (DV+) or the
deviation in negative direction (DV-) is in alarming status.
• Hysteresis (HYS): The default is 1.0 %.
To prevent occurrence of the undesired alarm caused by abrupt set value change or set
value ramp, the velocity change speed (derivative value) of the setpoint value (SV) is
used as the deviation alarm setpoint value correction factor (r) to compensate the
deviation alarm setpoint value (DL).
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Output Open Alarm Check
The output open alarm check may generate an alarm to
indicate that the output is open (OOP).
The output open alarm check is performed by the I/O module. The function
block receives the check results from the I/O module as a data status
(OOP) and processes the activation or the restoration of the output open
alarm. The output open alarm is activated only in the function block that is
directly connected to the I/O module. The alarm will not be activated at
function blocks that sends output through data connections to other
function blocks.
When I/O modules are duplicated, an output open alarm is activated if both
I/O modules are failed.
Operations at OOP generation:
• For the regulatory control blocks that have MAN fallback functions, the
MAN fallback action is initiated and the block mode is changed to manual
(MAN) mode.
• The manipulated output value (MV) is frozen, and the current value is
kept as manipulated output values (MV).
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MH and ML Alarm Check
The output high and low limit alarm check is a function that
determines whether the manipulated output value (MV)
exceeds the range of the manipulated output variable highlimit/ low-limit setpoint (MH, ML) for the output limiter.
When it is determined that the manipulated output value (MV)
exceeds the manipulated output variable high limit setpoint (MH),
an output high limit alarm (MHI) is activated. Similarly, when it is
lower than the manipulated variable low limit setpoint (ML), an
output low limit alarm (MLO) is activated.
• Hysteresis (HYS): The default is 2.0 %.
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Alarm Messages
• Process alarm messages:
The process alarm messages are transmitted when abnormality in
the process variables (PV) or manipulated output values (MV) is
detected by the alarm detection function of the function block, and
when the abnormality returns to normal.
• System alarm messages:
The system alarm messages are the messages transmitted to the
operation and monitoring functions from the FCS about
abnormalities occurred in the system of the FCS.
• Input module abnormality
• Output module abnormality
• Abnormality in the user defined calculations
• Abnormality in the sequential control blocks at one-shot initiation
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Process Alarm Message
The occurrence of a process alarm message is shown below:
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Process Alarm Notification Flow
System message window
Process alarm window
Graphic window
Related window
Process
alarm
occurrence
✓
Alarm
acknowledgement
Navigator window
Save in file
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Buzzer sounds
57
Printout
YOKOGAWA
System Alarm Message
The occurrence of a system alarm message is shown below:
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Deactivate Alarm Detection and Alarm Off
• Deactivate alarm detection
function:
For each alarm detection
function of the process alarms,
the alarm detection status can
be changed by setting the
detection function to “enabled”
or “disabled”.
AOF setting button
• Alarm OFF (inhibition) function
(AOF)
The process alarm message
operation can be temporarily
suppressed leaving the alarm
detection function operating.
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Alarm Related Builders
Three alarm related builders are provided in COMMON folder:
Alarm priority: For the 5 alarm priorities, output operations and alarm
actions are specified.
Alarm status character string: Up to 32 alarm status labels for each
function block are defined.
Alarm processing table: Up to 16 alarm processing levels can be defined.
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Alarm Priority
The following table shows the alarm processing according
to the alarm priority:
Operation and monitoring function:
• With or without window display
FCS functions:
• Operation at alarm occurrence
• With or without printing
• With or without file save
• With or without repeated warning alarm
• Alarm operation at recovery
Alarm actions and levels of alarm priority
*1: Action may be defined on Alarm Priority Builder.
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Alarm Processing Level
With the alarm processing level, the alarm priority level can be
specified for each function block or element.
There are 16 alarm processing levels*. The alarm priority and
alarm colors of all alarms occurred in a function block or an
element are defined for each processing level.
* The alarm processing level can be designated in the Function Block Overview
Builder and the Function Block Detail Builder.
Tag Mark, Alarm Priority, and Security Level (Default)
Any combination of a tag mark, an
alarm priority, and a function block
security level can be designated.
The definitions level 1 through level 4
have been defined by the system. Level 5
through level 16 are for user definitions.
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Alarm Actions
High and medium priority alarm.
Low priority alarm.
Logging and reference alarm.
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Alarm Status Character String
Upon occurrence of the alarm, the alarm status is displayed in a
character string, and the alarm is processed in a predetermined
manner. The alarm status character string can be either a
system-fixed character string or a user-defined character string
for user-defined function blocks.
System fixed alarm status character string for the PID control
function block is shown in the table below:
2
3
4
5
6
8
LL
HH
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
IOP-
9
IOP
CAL
Alarm
status
7
OOP
1
NR
Bit
position
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
CNF
MLO
MHI
64
VEL-
VEL+
DV-
DV+
LO
HI
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YOKOGAWA
Alarm Processing Table
Alarm status bit positions 1 to 6 are not displayed in a window
because they are system-fixed. Alarm processing level Nos. 1
to 4 are also system-fixed. The user can designate the color
and the priority for alarm processing level Nos. 5 to 16 for alarm
status bit positions 7 to 32.
Alarm status bit position
Alarm processing level number
System-fixed
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User-defined
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System-fixed Alarm Status Change (1)
The system-fixed alarm status character string itself cannot be
changed, but its color and priority can be changed.
Bit position assignment of the PID controller block is shown in the previous
slide. If we want to designate the “HH” and “LL” alarms in a PID function
block to be processed as a high-priority alarm, and displayed in magenta,
while “HI” and “LO” alarms to be processed as a medium-priority alarm, and
displayed in orange, do the following:
1.
In the Alarm Processing Table Builder, designate [M: Magenta] for [Color (5)],
and [1: High-priority Alarm] for [Priority (5)] for bit positions 13 (HH) and 14
(LL) on the alarm processing level No.5. Next, designate [OR: Orange] for
[Color (5)], and [2: Medium-priority Alarm] for [Priority (5)]. for bit positions 17
(HI) and 18 (LO).
(The alarm priority after bit position 19 should be the medium priority alarm as
the higher priority to be designated in ascending order of the bit position.)
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System-fixed Alarm Status Change (2)
Designation in the Alarm Processing Table Builder.
Designate magenta
High priority alarm
Medium priority alarm
Designate orange
2.
Select the [Alarm] tab in the Function Block Detail Builder, and then
select [5: User-defined Alarm Process (5)] at [Alarm Processing
Level].
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Block Mode and Status
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-B 7
Block Mode and Status
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Block Mode and Status
Block mode and status are the information that represent the
conditions of the function blocks.
• Block mode
• Block status
Represent the operating state of the
function blocks.
• Alarm status
Represents the alarm state of the process.
• Data status
Represents the quality of the process
data.
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-C Function Block Common, C6 Block Mode and Status.
See also Supplement VI. Block Status, Alarm Status, Data Status.
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Block Mode
The block mode is the information that represents the control
state and the output state of a function block. The different type
of function blocks have the different block modes. There are 9
basic block modes and several compound block modes.
Basic block mode:
O/S, IMAN, TRK, MAN, AUT, CAS, PRD, RCAS, ROUT
Compound block mode:
The state where multiple basic block modes are established at a time.
e.g. AUT – IMAN
See Supplement V. Block Mode
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Basic Block Modes
O/S: (Out of Service) All functions of the function block are currently stopped.
IMAN: (Initialization MANual) Calculation processing and output processing are
currently stopped.
TRK: (TRacKing) Calculation processing is currently stopped and the specified
value is forced to be output.
MAN: (MANual) Calculation processing is currently stopped and the manipulated
output value, which is set manually, is output.
AUT: (AUTomatic) Calculation processing is being executed and the calculation
result is output.
CAS: (CAScade) Calculation processing is being executed, the set value CSV is
from the cascade
connected upstream block, and the calculation result referred to this CSV is
output.
PRD: (PRimary Direct) Calculation processing is currently stopped, the set value
CSV is from the cascade connected upstream block, this CSV is output directly.
RCAS: (Remote CAScade) An control and calculation processing is being
executed using the remote setpoint value (RSV) which is set remotely from a
supervisory system computer, and the calculation results is output.
ROUT: (Remote OUTput) Calculation processing is currently stopped, and the
remote manipulated output value (RMV) which is set remotely from a supervisory
system computer is output directly.
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Tracking Mode (TRK)
The tracking mode is used to switch the MV from one function
block to another function block balance-less bump-less.
When the tracking switch (TSW) is ON (1), the data for the TIN terminal is
output. When TSW is OFF (0), PID computation result is the output.
TSW input
0
SV
FIC PV
1
SV
Switch
1
PIC PV
1
0 – 100 kPa
0 – 100 Nm3/min
Pressure
Flow
TIN data
Vane control
drive
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Primary Direct Mode (PRD)
When the block mode is set to PRD, calculation processing
is currently stopped. The set value CSV is from the
cascade connected upstream block is output to the control
valve after output processing.
[PRD]
S’ry Controller
[AUT]
SV1
MV1
P’ry
Controller
SV2
CAS
Control
Computation
Output MV2
Processing
PRD
PRD
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CAS
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Basic Block Modes Relationship
Priority level
4
O/S
Complementary
relationship
IMAN
3
TRK
2
MAN, AUT, CAS, PRD
High
1
RCAS, ROUT
0
Low
Exclusive relationship
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Block Mode Change Interlock
Block mode change interlock condition:
When the status of the interlock switch connected to the
terminal (INT) becomes ON, the block mode change interlock
establishes, then succeeded by the following actions:
• The MAN fallback condition establishes, and the block mode
changes to manual (MAN).
• Any mode change command to put the function block into an
automatic operation status (AUT, CAS, PRD, RCAS or ROUT mode)
is invalidated.
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Status
Block status:
A block status is the information that represents the operating state of a
function block. Some function blocks do not have any block status.
e.g. PALM, CTUP status of TM block
Alarm status:
An alarm status is the information that represents the alarm state of a
process which was detected by the function block.
e.g. HI, LO status of PID block
Data status:
A data status is the information that represents the quality of data. The
status passes from a function block to another by I/O operation. The data
status if observed when various exceptional events occurred due to
abnormality in the process input or calculation.
e.g. BAD, IOP status of data
See Supplement VI. Block Status, Alarm Status, Data Status.
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Processing Timing
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-B 8
Processing Timing
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Processing Timing
An individual function block executes an input, a calculation
or an output processing according to the processing timing.
There are four types of the processing timing:
• Periodic execution:
Executed repeatedly with preset period.
• One-shot execution:
Executed only once when invoked from another function block.
• Initial execution / Restart execution:
Executed when FCS executes start operation.
• Initial execution:
Executed when FCS executes cold start operation.
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-C Function Block Common, C7 Processing Timing.
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Processing Timing
• Processing timing of regulatory control blocks:
The processing timing for the regulatory control blocks is the periodic
execution.
• Processing timing of calculation blocks:
There are following two types of the processing timing for the
calculation blocks:
* Periodic execution
* One-shot execution
• Processing timing of sequential control blocks:
There are following four types of the processing timing for the
sequential blocks:
* Periodic execution
* One-shot execution
* Initial start / restart execution
* Initial start execution
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Processing Timing
The processing timing that activates the individual function
blocks and control drawings are determined by the following
factors in the periodic execution of the regulatory control blocks:
Scan period:
(Some FCSs have no
Basic scan, medium-speed scan, high-speed scan. medium-scan period.)
Execution order of processing:
Control drawings are executed in order of the drawing number. Function blocks in
one control drawing are executed ion order of the function block number.
Process I/O processing timing:
The processing timing varies by the analog I/O and status I/O.
Control period of regulatory control block:
A regulatory control block has a control period besides the scan period.
Medium and high-speed
scan period are defined on
the FCS property window.
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Scan Periods
Scan period determines a period for the periodic execution of the
function block. There are three types of scan periods: basic scan,
medium-speed scan and high-speed scan.
● Basic Scan
The basic scan is a standard scan period which is common to function blocks.
The basic scan period is fixed to 1 second. This cannot be changed.
● Medium-Speed Scan (LFCS/KFCS)
The medium-speed scan is a scan period suited for the process control that requires
quicker response than what can be achieved with the basic scan setting. Setting
value of the medium-speed scan can be selected by each FCS according to its use.
Setting value of the medium-speed scan can be changed on System View:
• Medium-speed scan period: Select “200 ms” or “500 ms.” The default is “500 ms.”
● High-Speed Scan
The high-speed scan is a scan period suited for the process control that requires
high-speed response. Setting value of the high-speed scan can be selected by each
FCS according to its use.
Setting value of the high-speed scan can be changed on System View:
• High-speed scan period: Select “50 ms,” “100 ms,” “200 ms” or “500 ms.” The
default is “200 ms.”
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Execution Order
The groups of high-speed scan function blocks in three drawings are
indicated as A, B and C. Similarly, the groups of medium-speed scan
function blocks, A’, B’ and C’; and the basic scan function blocks, a, b and c.
3rd priority
2nd priority
1st priority
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Control Period
Among the regulatory control blocks, the controller block has a
control period besides the processing period. The control period is
the period that the controller block executes control computation
and output processing during the automatic operation.
The control period is always an integer multiple of the scan period of 1 second.
Input and alarm processing are performed at each scan period.
In ‘Automatic determination’, the control period is defined in accordance with the integral
time.
High- Medium- Speed Scan
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Regulatory Control Functions
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-C
Regulatory Control Functions
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Regulatory Control Functions
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-C Regulatory Control Functions
C1.
C2.
C3.
C4.
Regulatory Control Positioning
Regulatory Control Block Structure
Types of Regulatory Control Blocks
Control Computation of Control Block
Reference: IM33S01B30-01E
PART-D Function Block Details, D1 Regulatory Control
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Regulatory Control Positioning
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-C 1
Regulatory Control Positioning
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Regulatory Control Positioning
The regulatory control block performs control
computation processing using analog process variables
and so on for the process monitoring and control.
FCS
Basic control
Software I/O
I/O interfaces
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Regulatory Control Block Structure
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-C 2
Regulatory Control Block Structure
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Regulatory Control Block Structure
The structure of regulatory control function block PID:
SET
CSV
BIN
RL1
RL2
(VN)
(RLV1)
(RLV2)
MAN
RCAS
IN
RAW
PV
Control
computation
processing
(PV, ΔPV, MV, ΔMV)
Reading a raw data from
the input terminal,
performs input
processing to output PV.
TE33Q6C40-01E
INT
Detects an abnormality
in PV, MV and notifies
the operation and
monitoring functions.
SV
RSV
TSI
(TSW)
Alarm
processing
CAS
AUT
MAN
Input
processing
TIN
CAS
AUT
Output
processing
MV
OUT
ROUT
RMV
SUB
Reading PV and SV, performs
control computation
processing to output MV.
6
Reads MV and outputs
the result of output
processing to the output
terminal.
YOKOGAWA
Data Items and Terminals
The following list shows the data items and the terminals
of the PID control function block:
*1
*2
*5
*3
*3
*4
*1
*5
*2
*3
*1: Either input or output compensation is possible.
*2: Used for the reset limit function.
*3: Used for the output tracking function.
*4: Interlock the block mode transfer.
*5: Remote value means the value from another computer.
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Types of Regulatory Control Block
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-C 3
Types of Regulatory Control Blocks
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Types of Regulatory Control Block
The regulatory control blocks vary by the types of data handled
and control computation processing functions provided.
• Input indicator blocks
• Controller blocks
• Manual loader blocks
• Signal setter blocks
• Signal limiter blocks
• Signal selector blocks
• Signal distributor blocks
• Pulse count block
• Alarm block
• YS blocks
See Supplement VII. Regulatory Control Function Blocks.
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Controller Blocks
The table below shows nine controller blocks available:
PID controller block explained in the textbook.
See Supplement X. PI Control Function Block.
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Control Computation
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-C 4
Control Computation of Control Block
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PID Control Computation
The PID control computation in the PID control function block
calculates a manipulated output change (ΔMV) with the specified PID
control algorithm. And then either velocity form or positional form
output action converts the ΔMV to MV.
The figure below shows a block diagram of PID control computation:
PID Control Computation
Algorithms
SV
Output actions
PID / PI-D / I-PD
ΔMV
PV
Velocity / Positional
MV
PI / I
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-D Function Block Details, D1.5 PID Controller Block (PID).
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PID Control Algorithms (1)
The PID control computation is the core of the PID control computation
processing, calculating a manipulated output change (ΔMV) by using
the PID control algorithms. The PID control is the most widely used, it
combines three types of actions: proportional, integral and derivative.
The figure below shows a block diagram of PID control computation:
Control action
(P) bypass
(PV)
(DV)
(PV)
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Control action
(D) bypass
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PID Control Algorithms (2)
There are five control algorithms to perform PID computation:


Basic type PID control (PID): A quick response for the SV change can be expected.
PV proportional and derivative type PID control (I-PD): SV may be changed not
considering bump.

PV derivative type PID control (PI-D): Relatively good response for the SV change
can be expected.
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Control Action Bypass
Control action bypass:
The PID Controller Block can perform the following two types of
control action by bypassing proportional and/or derivative actions
among the proportional, integral and derivative actions:
To set the control action bypass, specify “0” to the set parameter P or D, as
shown in the table above. The proportional gain (Kp) is fixed to “1” when only
integral action is required.
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Control Output Action
The control output action converts the difference of MV (ΔMV)
into the manipulated output (MVn) at each control period.
Velocity form:
Adds ΔMV to the read-back value (MVrb) from the destination.
MVn = MVrb + ΔMV
Positional form: (default setting)
Adds the difference of the current manipulated output (ΔMVn) to the previous
output (MVn-1).
MVn = MVn-1 + ΔMVn
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Control Action Direction
The control action direction function switches between direct
(increase) action and reverse (decrease) action that shows increase
or decrease of the manipulated output value (MV) corresponding to
the changes of the process variable (PV).
Direct (Increase) action:
When the SV is fixed, the control action in which the
manipulated variable (MV) increases as the process
variable (PV) increases.
Reverse (Decrease) action (default setting):
When the SV is fixed, the control action in which the
manipulated variable (MV) increases as the process
variable (PV) decreases.
Direct
action
MV
PV
Reverse
action
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Process Variable Tracking
When the block mode is switched from manual (MAN) mode to
automatic (AUT) mode, if a large deviation exists, the manipulated
output (MV) changes the quickly. To prevent this change, the
measurement racking function equals the setpoint variable (SV) to
the process variable (PV) in the MAN mode.
If SV equals PV, MV won’t change as no deviation
exists. However, SV is not fixed. Care must be taken
when the controller is used with the constant SV.
PV
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SV
YOKOGAWA
Control Computation Processing (1)
Besides the control computation processing functions explained,
the following functions are the examples provided for the PID
control blocks:
Non-linear gain: Changes the proportional gain in accordance with the
degree of deviation so that the relationship between the deviation and
manipulated output change (ΔMV) becomes non-linear.
Two types of the non-linear gain control are provided: Gap action or
square deviation action.
Reset limit function: Performs correction computation using values read
from the connection destinations input terminals RL1 and RL2 during PID
control computation. This function prevents reset windup.
Deadband action: Adjust the manipulated output change (ΔMV) to “0”
when the deviation is within the deadband range, in order to stop the
manipulated output (MV) from changing.
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Control Computation Processing (2)
I/O compensation: Adds the I/O compensation value (VN) received from
outside to the input signal or the control output signal of PID computation
when the controller block is in MAN.
Either Input compensation (used for the dead-band compensation control)
or output compensation (used for the feedforward control) is selectable.
Setpoint value limiter: Limits the setpoint value (SV) within the setpoint
High/low limits (SVH, SVL).
Setpoint value pushback: Causes two of the three setpoint values (SV,
CSV, RSV) to agree with the remaining one.
Bumpless switching: When the block mode is changed or when the
manipulated output (MV) is switched in a downstream block, no bump
occurs in the MV.
See Supplement IX. Control Computation Processing.
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Operation and Monitoring Functions
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-D
Operation and Monitoring Functions
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Operation and Monitoring Functions
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-D Operation and Monitoring Functions
D1.
D2.
D3.
D4.
D5.
D6.
D7.
Engineering Procedures
Basic Definitions of HIS
Operation and Monitoring Functions
Trend Recording Function
Message Processing
Function Keys
Other Functions
Reference: IM33S01B30-01E
PART-E Human Interface Station
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Engineering Procedures
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-D 1
Engineering Procedures
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Engineering Procedures
Basic functions of HIS:
Functions of operation and monitoring windows such as graphic
windows.
Trend recording functions to save data and redisplay.
Message functions such as operator guide messages, alarm
messages etc.
Function key functions to make operation easy.
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Engineering Procedures
HIS constant definition
Graphic window definition
Define functions necessary for
the operation and monitoring.
Trend definition
The functions supporting the
operations such as the function
key functions may be changed
directly by HIS SetUp window.
Sequence message definition
Help message definition
Details of HIS SetUp window are
explained in the fundamental course
textbook.
Function key definition
Scheduler definition
: Explained in the course.
Plant hierarchy definition
Panel set definition
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Basic Definitions of HIS
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-D 2
Basic Definitions of HIS
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HIS Property
At the creation of new HIS, device type, station number,
network and so on are to be defined with the property window.
Protocol of control network
* Use default values. No
change is allowed.
Device type
Information network protocol. Either the
default values or the values for the intercompany LAN are acceptable.
Station number
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HIS Property
Buzzer acknowledgment ID
Operation group ID
The default values of the buzzer
ACK ID and the operation group
ID may be used.
(All HIS belong to a single group.)
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Buzzer ACK ID
The buzzer ACK ID is an ID that allows buzzers on other HIS’s
with same buzzer ACK ID to be reset when a the buzzer is
acknowledged on one HIS.
Buzzer ACK identifier:
• The buzzer ACK ID can be set with up to eight alphanumeric
characters.
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Operation Group
A number of HIS on the same communication bus are grouped
based on the operation policy, and the operation and
monitoring can be performed in the unit of the group. This
group is referred to as the operation group.
Acknowledgement of operation guide message, panel set call, remote
window call and so on.
Group identifier:
• Up to 8 alphanumeric characters. The first two characters are for an
ID, and the characters from the third are for comment text.
• The wild card [*] may be used.
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Definition of HIS Constants
Details of HIS can be defined on each item with the OpeconDef file in
the CONFIGURATION folder in the HIS folder.
An example of the window to define a switch
instrument diagram operation as one of HIS constants.
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Definition of HIS Constants
Definition of the HIS attribute and the scope of operation
with the security window.
Definition of
the user group
to which that
HIS belongs.
See IM33S01B30-01E F9.2 User group.
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Definition of HIS Constants
Windows to define functions related to the data save.
The Closing Process creates closing data for statistical
processing, such as average values and total values.
The Long-term
Data Save is
intended for the
long-term storage
of trend data.
(optional package)
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HIS Constants and HIS Setup
Message printout, security and so on are defined with the HIS
constants definition window.
Setup of the printer output, window switching, screen mode and so
on are set with HIS Setup window.
System
Status
Overview
HIS Setup window
See TE33Q4T30-01E
Fundamental Course Textbook.
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Operation and Monitoring Functions
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-D 3
Operation and Monitoring Functions
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Operation and Monitoring Window
The operation and monitoring windows include the built-in system
windows and user-defined windows that can define applications
and display contents freely at the system generation.
Number of user-defined windows: CS3000 = 4000 / HIS, CS1000 = 1000 / HIS
User-defined widows can be created
or added with the window creation
function in WINDOW folder in HIS.
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Window Attributes
Attributes and other functions can be defined for each window.
Definition of attributes for
graphic, control, overview
windows.
A window may be
named as desired.
Definition of window operation
and monitoring authority.
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Operation and Monitoring Authority
Operation and monitoring authority for windows:
Default setting of operation
and monitoring authority.
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Trend Recording Function
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-D 4
Trend Recording Function
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Trend Recording Function
The trend recording function periodically gathers process data such
as temperature, pressure, flow and so on from an FCS with HIS. The
acquired data may be displayed as trend graphs.
Referencing data from
other security scope.
To Report processing / General applications
Trend record
Closing
processing
Trend display
Trend window /
Trend point window
TG0101
1 FIC100.PV
2 TIC200.PV
Process data from
the FCS within the
security scope.
Trend data
collection
3 LIC300.PV
SaveAS
Long-term
trend
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* Optional
YOKOGAWA
Trend Recording Function
The trend recording consists of the three layers of the trend
blocks, the trend windows and the trend point windows.
Trend block
Trend group
Trend block 01
TR0001
Trend block 02
TR0002
Trend block 03
TR0003
Trend group 1
TG0101
Trend group 2
TG0102
Trend group 3
TG0103
TG0101
Trend group 16
TG0116
Trend point window
LIC300.PV
3 LIC300.PV
Trend block 50
TR0050
Trend window name
TGbbgg
bb: Block number
gg: Group number
Trend window
1 FIC100.PV
2 TIC200.PV
3 LIC300.PV
4
5
6
7
8
Each trend block can
specifies trend type and
sampling period.
Maximum number trend blocks for CS1000 is 8.
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Structure of Trend
Trend block:
A trend block is comprised of 16 units of trend windows.
There are 50 trend blocks (CS3000) per HIS. Up to 20 of the 50 trend
blocks can be defined as the trend of own station. The remaining 30 trend
blocks are defined as the trend of other stations. (8 trend blocks for CS1000
and no trend of other stations)
The trend format and sampling period are defined for each trend block.
Trend window:
8-pen trend data can be assigned to a trend window. There are 800 trend
windows (CS3000) per HIS. (128 windows for CS1000)
Trend point window:
One trend pen is displayed in each trend point window. There are 6,400
trend point windows (CS3000) per HIS. (1,024 widows for CS1000)
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Trend Data Acquisition Types
The data acquisition includes the following four types:
Continuous-rotary type:
Process data are acquired constantly. Data acquisition starts automatically
after starting the operation and monitoring functions. When the storage
capacity becomes full, the oldest data are deleted and replaced by new
data.
Batch-stop type:
Data acquisition starts and stops according to the received command.
When the storage capacity becomes full, data acquisition stops.
Batch-rotary type:
Data acquisition starts and stops according to the received command. If no
stop command is given and the storage capacity becomes full, the oldest
data are deleted and replaced by new data.
Trend acquired by other HIS:
Trend data acquired by other HIS may be referenced in a unit of block.
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Sampling Period and Recording Span
The sampling period can be selected from 1 second, 10 seconds,
1 minute, 2 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes for each trend
block. No more than 2 trend blocks can be specified with the
sampling period of 1 second or 10 seconds.
2,880 samples can be acquired per pen. The recording span
indicates the time to acquire 2,880 samples for each trend in the
specified sampling period.
The table below shows the relationship between the sampling period
and the recording span:
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Display Data Types
The display data type of each trend gathering pen is defined to
display data in the trend window.
The data display for the trend gathering pen include the following types:
Default: Acquired data are displayed in the default data type in the
instrument faceplate showing the function block of the acquisition source.
Analog type: Acquired process data are displayed in the data axis range 0
to 100 % of the trend graph.
Discrete type: Acquired ON/OFF data are displayed in the fixed data axis
range 6 % of the trend graph.
An example of discrete type
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Reference Pattern Assignment
For the batch type trend,
specified trend data can
be assigned as a
reference pattern.
Reference Patterns
The trend reference pattern,
an ideal trend pattern such
as the trend record by an
operator with expertise can
be displayed in the trend
window.
When the trend point
window is displayed, the
related reference pattern is
also displayed.
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Trend Block Definition
The properties of each trend block should be defined with
HIS CONFIGURATION before assigning trend pens.
Trend block file:
The acquisition types, acquisition periods are
defined with the property window.
Pens can be assigned with a trend group
window by opening the file.
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Trend-Pen Assignment
Acquisition type setting
Display data type definition
Acquisition period setting
Trend-pen assignment window
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Message Processing
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-D 5
Message Processing
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Message Processing
Message processing notifies operators changes of process or
system status with pre-defined messages.
Type of messages:
• System messages
Notifies status or operations related to the system.
• Process messages
Notifies status or operations related to the process.
Process alarm message, annunciator message, operator guide message,
printout message, sequence message request, signal event message
• Other operation related messages
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-E Human Interface Station, E11 Message Processing.
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Message Flow
The flow of the message transmitted from the FCS is
shown below:
Voice output
Printout
LED/buzzer output
Window display
User Group Filter
HIS Security Filter
HIS0163
HIS0164
V-net
FCS
0103
FCS
0101
FCS
0102
One group
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Message Types
User-defined messages are shown below:
• Annunciator message (%AN)
Up to 24 characters
• Operator guide message (%OG)
Up to 70 characters
• Print message output (%PR)
80 characters and data
• Sequence message request (%RQ) Processing request to HIS
• Signal event message (%EV)
Transmission to built-in instrument
• Help message (HW)
Up to 70 characters by 21 lines
• Voice message (%VM)
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Message Output Actions
The message processing notifies operators the message
arise by various message output actions.
The table below shows various message output actions:
Messages often used
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Print Message (%PR)
When a print message request is sent from a FCS to an HIS, the
operation and monitoring functions print the character string that
corresponds to the message number.
The print message may be printed as one in the following formats:
• Comment message plus up to 3 data in order of data 1, data 2 and data
3 may be printed out.
• The integer constant specified in the action column of a sequence table
plus 2 process data in order of the integer constant, data 1 and data 2
may be printed out.
The element number of the print message output is as follows:
For CS1000: %PR0001 to %PR0100
For CS3000: %PR0001 to %PR0200
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Print Message (%PR)
An example of the print message definition and its printout
are shown below:
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Print Message Flow (%PR)
The occurrence, transmission and output of print message
are shown as below:
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Sequence Message Request (%RQ)
The sequence message request is sent by the sequential control
function at a certain timing to an HIS to execute a processing.
The functions executable with the sequence message request
function are as follows:
• Window call
• Execution of system function key
• Start, stop or restart of batch trend data acquisition
• Flashing, turn-on or turn-off of LED
• Execution of a program with its program name
• Execution of multi-media function
• Printout of report
The element numbers of the sequence message request are as follows:
For CS1000: %PR0001 to %RQ0100
For CS3000: %PR0001 to %RQ0200
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Message Request Flow (%RQ)
Turn-on LED
Report printout
Window display
An example of automatic
report printing at the end of
the process.
Sequence function
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Message Request and Scheduler
Sequence message request definition window.
Scheduler
definition
window
TE33Q6C40-01E
Start Time setting and
other setting items.
39
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Execution Methods of HIS Functions
Function key, scheduler or sequence message request is
used to startup HIS functions or programs. Basic functions
are almost the same. Only the execution method varies.
HIS functions
Program startup
LED
display
Execution method
Function key
Possible
Turn-on
Manual operation by
an operator
Scheduler
Possible
None
Automatic execution
at a certain time
Sequence message
request
Possible
Turn-on
Execution by the
sequence
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Help Message (HW)
Help messages guide the operators as an on-line manual. The
messages are displayed in help dialog boxes.
Besides the user-defined help, there is the pre-defined system
help.
User-defined help:
• Up to 9,999 help dialogs can be defined. (HW0001 to HW9999)
• Up to 21 lines can be defined per help and 70 characters per line.
• Can be related with a function block or a graphic window.
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Help Message (HW)
Help message numbers are
from HW0001 to HW9999.
Users can define help
messages freely.
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Help Message Call
Properties window of the graphic builder.
The help message number
related to the graphic window.
Properties window of
the function block.
The help message number
related to the function block.
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Message Printout
Messages besides the sequence message request can be
output to a printer.
Generation or recovery is
distinguished by the identifier
without red printing facility.
For easy-recognition of
different type of messages,
define number of tabs for
each type of message.
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Message Printout
• A printer can be assigned for each type of message.
• Messages from the stations excluded from the operation group or
function blocks may not be printed.
• Print start position may be defined for each type of message.
• Messages are not printed out until the messages are pilled up to
fit one page for print.
• Messages can be printed out at any timing with the function key
or the scheduler function.
See IM33S01B30-01E E11 Message Processing.
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Message Printout Printer
Define the HIS Printer Name for each type of message with
HIS constants definition builder.
Correspondence between Printer
Name (device name) and HIS Printer
Name can be set with HIS Setup
window, Printer tab.
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Message Printout Timing
Messages are not printed out until the messages are pilled
up to fit one page for print.
The message, however, may be sent to printer when the
defined queuing time elapsed. For each message the
queuing time can be defined with HIS constants builder.
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Function Keys
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-D 6
Function Keys
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Function Keys
The function keys provided on the operation keyboard allow
users to define functions freely.
Executable functions with function keys are follows:
• Window call
• Execution of system function key
• Start, stop or restart of batch trend data acquisition
• Flashing, turn-on or turn-off of LED
• Execution of a program with its program name
• Execution of multi-media function
The following functions are only for CS3000.
• Panel set call
• Window call to another station
• Remote window call by window name (console type HIS only)
• Currently displayed window set copy (console type HIS only)
• Remote CRT window erase (console type HIS only)
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-E Human Interface Station, E13.2 Function Keys.
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Window Call Function
To assign the window call function to the function keys, define the
following functions with the function key definition builder.
• Window type
Graphic window, system status display window and so on.
• Window calling function type
TUN, TREND, DRAW and so on.
• Window display size
Large size, medium size and others.
• Window display position
Defined with X-Y co-ordinates.
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Window Display Size
The window display size can be selected from the following three
sizes:
In window mode:
• When the Large size is specified (-SL) : 80% width of the screen
• When the Medium size is specified (-SM): 50% width of the screen
• When the Special size is specified (-SC): The size varies with the
design at creation. (No scaling, Individual windows)
In full screen mode:
• When
the Large size is specified (-SL) : 100% width of the screen
(The large size window is referred to as a main window, and other windows
are as auxiliary windows.)
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Window Display Position
The window display position can be specified beforehand.
The display position is specified using X and Y coordinates.
The range falls within 0 to 32767.
The display position is specified in the format given below:
= +X coordinate + Y coordinate
100
X coordinate: The left
edge of the screen is set
as the origin.
200
（+２００,+１００）
Y coordinate: The upper
edge of the screen is set
as the origin.
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Function to Call a Window
An example to assign the window call function:
O Window name {Function type} {-Window size} {=Display position} {Parameter}
O FIC101 TUN -SL =+200+100
The function parameter to
specify window operation
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▲ : Space
{ } : Can be omitted.
53
Generic parameter
for data bind
YOKOGAWA
Functions of Function Keys
Function parameter list:
O: Window call
K: Execution of system function key
T: Start, stop or restart of batch trend data acquisition
E: Flashing, turn-on or turn-off of LED
F: Execution of a program with its program name
X: Execution of multi-media function
The following functions are only for CS3000.
P: Panel set call
S: Window call to another station
See IM33S01B30-01E E13.
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System Functions
Examples of the system functions (K) are as follows:
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Function Key Assignment
Function key definition file (FuncKey) in CONFIGURATION folder of HIS.
An example of the
function key definition:
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Temporary Assignment
Function key definition window in the HIS Setup.
The functions assigned to the function
keys by the HIS Setup are temporary.
When the HIS definition is loaded from
the System View, assigned functions are
initialized to the builder definition.
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Other Functions
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-D 7
Other Functions
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Panel Set (CS3000)
With the panel set function (for CS3000), multiple windows can
be called up together to multiple HIS. Combination of several
windows that are frequently used can be defined per set and the
panel set can be called up with one-touch operation.
• Up to 200 panel sets can be defined per HIS.
• Up to 5 windows can be defined per set.
• Calling up the panel set from other HIS is possible.
HIS0124
HIS0123
Notification to
HIS0124
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Panel Set
Panel set definition file (PanelSet) in the CONFIGURATION folder of HIS.
An example of panel
set definition window.
Definition of each window.
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Plant Hierarchy
The plant hierarchy refers to the various equipment in the
plant control system that are organized into layered
architectures based on ISA S88.01 physical model.
The plant hierarchy is
useful in setting
security, filtering
process messages,
flashing function key
LEDs and performing
other operations.
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Sequential Control Functions
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-E
Sequential Control Functions
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Sequential Control Functions
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-E Sequential Functions
E1. Sequential Control Positioning
E2. Types of Sequential Control Blocks
E3. Sequence Connection
E4. Sequence Table Blocks
E5. Logic Chart Block
E6. Processing Timing of Sequence
E7. Switch Instrument Blocks
E8. Timer Block
E9. Software Counter Block
E10. Relational Expression Block
E11. Auxiliary Blocks
Reference: IM33S01B30-01E
PART-D Function Block Details, D3 Sequence Control
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Sequential Control Function
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-E 1
Sequential Control Positioning
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Sequential Control Positioning
The function blocks that execute the sequential control are
referred to as sequential control blocks. The positioning of the
sequential control blocks is shown blow:
FCS
Basic control
Software I/O
I/O interfaces
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Types of Sequential Control
Definition of sequential control:
Sequential control executes in sequence each control step
following the pre-defined conditions or orders.
The sequential control can be divided into following two types:
• Condition control (Monitoring)
Monitors process status and controls according to the pre-defined
conditions.
• Programmed control (Phase steps)
Controls according to the pre-defined programs (phases).
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Sequential Control Description
Sequence table block:
The conditions and operations are arranged in the decision table format and
specifies which operation is performed by the combination of conditions. This
table is suitable for describing the both types of sequence.
Logic chart block:
The logic chart block aligns each condition and operation, and the combination of
conditions is described with logic elements to specify the operation performed.
This is suitable for describing the condition control type such as an interlock
sequence.
SFC (Sequential Function Chart ) block:
The SFC is a graphical programming language suitable for describing a process
control sequence. It is standardized by the international standard, IEC
SC65A/WG6.
It is used for relatively large-scaled sequential controls and device controls. The SFC
block defines the flow of an entire sequence. Each step in the SFC is described with
sequence tables or SEBOL (Sequence and Batch Oriented Language).
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Types of Sequential Control Blocks
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-E 2
Types of Sequential Control Blocks
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Types of Sequential Control Blocks
Sequence table blocks:
The sequence table block realizes a sequential control by operating other
function blocks and/or process I/O or software I/O.
Logic chart block:
The logic chart block realizes an interlock
sequence with the logic chart diagram
using logic elements.
SFC blocks:
The SFC block executes the sequential
control program described with SFC.
Sequence table and logic chart are
explained in this engineering course.
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Types of Sequential Control Blocks
Sequence auxiliary blocks:
The following types of blocks are provided.
Timer block (TM)
Soft-counter block (CTS)
Pulse train counter block (CTP)
Code input block (CI)
Code output block (CO)
Relational expression block (RL)
Resource scheduler block (RS)
Valve monitoring block (VLVM)
The sequence auxiliary blocks are
registered from the Select Function Block
dialog. There are two folders;
Sequence Elements 1 and Sequence
Elements 2.
See PART-E11, Auxiliary Blocks.
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Types of Sequential Control Blocks
Switch instrument blocks*:
The switch instrument block monitors and operates devices such as
ON/OFF valves, motors or pumps, or final control elements for contact
I/O.
* The switch instrument blocks are explained in detail later.
Valve pattern monitor block (Optional):
The valve pattern monitor is a function block which runs in an FCS
(Field Control Station). One valve pattern monitor can simultaneously
monitor a maximum of 512 valves.
This valve pattern monitor is controlled by the user application
represents an operation scripted in SEBOL statements.
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Sequence Connection
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-E 3
Sequence Connection
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Sequence Connection
The sequence connection specifies various elements having data
as the connection destinations for I/O terminals of a function block.
The conditional expression to test data status for the input terminal,
and the data to manipulate an element for the output terminal
should be specified.
The processing for reading data from the connection destination is
referred to as [Condition testing], while the processing to output data to
the connection destination is referred to as [Status manipulation].
Connection information formats are as follows:
Element symbol name. Data item name. Condition specification
Element symbol name. Data item name. Action specification
Since the wiring between terminals can describe only an element symbol
and a data item, the sequence connection is directly described on the
sequence block without wiring.
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Sequence Table Blocks
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-E 4
Sequence Table Blocks
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Sequence Table Blocks
The sequence table block provides two types of table in the form
of a decision table.
(1) ST16 (Basic):
The ST16 block handles a total of 64 I/O (condition/action) signals and 32 rules.
Number of I/O signals can be exchanged in the unit of 8.
32 rules
Total 64 I/O
points (fixed)
Input condition
Y
Output action
Y
N
YN
Condition rules
Action rules
YN
(2) ST16E (Extension):
The ST16E is used for the rule extension. It is connected to the extending
ST16.
32 rules
Total 64 I/O
points (fixed)
Input condition
Output action
TE33Q6C40-01E
Y
N
YN
Y
Condition rules
Action rules
YN
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M- and L- Size Sequence Tables
Besides the sequence table blocks ST16 and ST16E, two
larger size tables are provided. The tables of each size have
basic and extension types.
Middle size table: M-ST16, M-ST16E
Large size table: L-ST16, L-ST16E
(1) M-ST16, M-ST16E:
The M-ST16 and M-ST16E blocks handle a total of 96 I/O (condition/action)
signals and 32 rules.
(2) L-ST16, L-ST16E:
The L-ST16 and L-ST16E blocks handle a total of 128 I/O (condition/action)
signals and 32 rules.
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Rule Extension (ST16E)
The number of rules in a single sequence table is fixed at 32 and
cannot be changed. However, if the number of rules in a sequence
table is not enough to describe one phase unit, the number of rules
can be extended by connecting to another sequence table.
Sequence
table group
• Up to 100 steps can be described in a sequence table group.
• The same step label cannot be described in more than one step label
setting area.
• The step executed over two sequence tables or more cannot be
described.
• The extended sequence table and the extending sequence table should
be described in the same control drawing.
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Rule Extension (ST16E)
Rule extension sequence table block (ST16E):
Since the ST16E is managed by the extending sequence table block
ST16, the ST16E cannot be activated independently.
The ST16E can only be connected to a step-type sequence table block. It
cannot be connected to a non-step type sequence table. (Connection is
unnecessary.)
Step 1 to 15
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Sequence Table Block
32 rules
Condition signals
Total 32 (default)
Action signals
Total 32 (default)
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Condition rules
Input
connection
information
Condition
specification
Output
connection
information
Action
specification
I/O signals
Total 64
(fixed)
Action rules
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Sequence Table Block
Processing timing
Scan period
Step label
Condition
signal
comment
Action
signal
comment
Next step label
Rule expansion destination tag name
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Example of Sequence Description
An example of descriptions of the fundamental logic circuits, AND,
OR and NOT.
%SW0200
ON
Rule
%Z011101
ON
%SW0201
ON
Step
C01
.
.
.
%SW0200.PV ON Y
%SW0201.PV ON Y
%SW0202.PV ON
%SW0203.PV ON
C32 (Condition signals)
AND logic circuit
%SW0202
ON
A01 %Z011101.PV H
.
%Z011102.PV H
.
%SW0200.PV H
.
A32 (Action signals)
%Z011102
ON
%SW0203
ON
OR logic circuit
%SW0200
OFF
01 02 03 . . . . . . . . . . 32
N
Y
Y
Y
Y Y
Y
THEN
ELSE
%SW0200
ON
NOT logic circuit
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Execution and Output Timing
Execution timing
A sequence table block and a logic chart block have the
following four types of execution timing:
• Periodic execution (T):
Repeatedly executed in a preset cycle.
• One-shot execution (O):
Executed once when invoked by other function blocks.
• Initial execution/Restart execution (I):
Executed when the FCS performs a cold or a restart.
• Initial execution (B):
Executed when the FCS performs a restart.
Output timing
A sequence table block has two types of output timing:
• Output only when conditions change (C)
• Output each time conditions are satisfied (E)
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Output Timing
• Output only when conditions change (C):
The action is executed only once when the condition is switched from
false to true. However, if the non-latched output is specified for the
action signal, the action changes when the condition is switched from
true to false.
• Output each time conditions are satisfied (E):
The action is executed each control period as long as the condition
remains true.
Output only when conditions change (C)
Output each time conditions are satisfied (E)
ON
Condition
ON
OFF
Condition
OFF
Non-latched type
(L type)
Output
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Output
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Processing Timing
Execution timing and output timing can be used in
combination.
The table below shows the combination of timings for ST16
and ST16E.
Default
For the LC64, logic chart block, output timing (C) can not be specified.
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Non-step Type Sequence Table
Non-step type sequence table tests all rules at every
control period.
Rule
Basic operation 1:
01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Step
(1) As for condition testing, in the
same rule number when all
conditions (Y or N) are satisfied,
the condition of the rule is true.
(2) Rule columns for the same
rule number are all blank are
considered true
unconditionally.
C01
.
.
.
%SW0200
%SW0201
%SW0202
C32
%SW0203
Condition signals
A01
%Z011101
.
.
.
%Z011102
A32
Y
Y
%Z011103
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Action signals
THEN
ELSE
%SW0200 and %SW0201 are ON and then %Z011101 turns ON.
%SW0201 and %SW0202 are OFF and then %Z011102 turns ON.
%Z011103 turns ON unconditionally.
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Non-step Type Sequence Table
Basic operation 2:
When multiple action signals
exist in a condition satisfied rule,
the actions are executed from
top to down.
Rule
01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Step
C01
%SW0200
%SW0201
.
%SW0202
.
.
%SW0203
C32 Condition signals
Y
Y
A01
.
.
.
A32
Y
%Z011101
%Z011102
%Z011103
Y
N
Action signals
THEN
ELSE
Actions are executed in order of %Z011101, %Z011102, %Z011103.
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Non-step Type Sequence Table
Basic operation 3:
Rule
01 . . . . . . . . . 32
Step
When the conditions of multiple
rules are satisfied simultaneously
with respect to a single operation,
if requests for both Y and N are
detected, Y has a priority and the
operation for N is not executed.
C01
%SW0200
%SW0201
.
%SW0202
.
.
%SW0203
C32 Condition signals
Y
Y
A01
.
.
.
A32
Y N N
%Z011101
%Z011102
Y
Y
Y
Y
%Z011102
Y
N
Action signals
THEN
ELSE
When conditions in 3 rules are satisfied,
Y is executed. (Y has a priority.)
When conditions in 2 rules are satisfied, Y and
then N is executed. ( Executed from top to down.)
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Example of Non-step Sequence
Always monitors not
to overflow the
buffer tank.
HH alarm logic flow.
- Closed
- Open
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Example of Non-step Sequence
Description of HH alarm logic flow in the previous example:
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Step Type Sequence Table
Step type sequence table tests only rules in the current step
at every control period.
Rule
Basic operation 1:
For the step type sequence
table, the next execution step
label must be described in the
THEN/ ELSE column in order to
advance the steps.
The step will not advance if
both next step labels in the
THEN/ ELSE are blank. The
same step is executed each
time.
Step
C01
%SW0200
.
.
.
%SW0201
%SW0202
C32
Condition signals
A01
%Z011101
.
.
.
%Z011102
05
08
Y
Y
Y
Y
%SW0203
%Z011103
A32
04
Y
Y
Y
Action signals
THEN
05
ELSE
08
Step label
Tested rules
Next step label (THEN label)
Next step label (ELSE label)
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Step Type Sequence Table
Basic operation 2:
Rule
Step
The next step specified in
the THEN column is the step
to advance when the
condition test result is true.
C01
.
.
.
When all actions for the
corresponding rules are
executed, the step proceeds
to the next step.
A01
.
.
.
A32
%SW0200
%SW0201
%SW0202
%SW0203
C32 Condition signals
%Z011101
%Z011102
%Z011103
04
05
08
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Action signals
THEN
ELSE
05
08
When the condition of the rule in step
04 is satisfied, the step advances to 05.
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Step Type Sequence Table
Basic operation 3:
The next step specified in the
ELSE column is the step to
advance when the condition
test result is false.
When conditions for the
corresponding rules are not
satisfied, the step proceeds
to the next step without
executing the actions.
Rule
Step
C01
.
.
.
%SW0200
%SW0201
%SW0202
%SW0203
C32 Condition signals
A01
.
.
.
A32
%Z011101
%Z011102
%Z011103
04
05
08
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Action signals
THEN
ELSE
05
08
When the condition of the rule in step 04 is
not satisfied, the step advances to 08.
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Step Type Sequence Table
Rule
Basic operation 4:
Step
The same step label can be
assigned to the multiple rules.
In this case, according to the
condition, branched actions
can be performed.
If there are multiple step
transition requests in the
same step (multiple conditions
are satisfied), the step
advances to the next step
label that is described on the
smallest rule number.
%SW0200
%SW0201
%SW0202
%SW0203
C32 Condition signals
C01
.
.
.
A01
.
.
.
A32
%Z011101
%Z011102
%Z011103
02 03 04
01
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Action signals
THEN
02 03 04
ELSE
If all multiple conditions are
satisfied, the next step is “02”.
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Step Type Sequence Table
Rule
Basic operation 5:
Step
C01
When a step advances to a
next step, the next step is
executed at the next scan
period.
When a step has advanced,
the conditions of each rule
are initialized once.
02
01
%SW0200
%SW0201
.
%SW0202
.
.
%SW0203
C32 Condition signals
Y
Y
A01
.
.
.
A32
Y
%Z011101
%Z011102
04
03
N
N
%Z011103
Action signals
THEN
02
03
04
ELSE
The step sequence executes only a single step at each scan period.
In this case, it may take 2 seconds or more to turn %Z011103 OFF,
after the step 01 was executed.
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Step Type Sequence Table
Rule
Basic operation 6:
Step label 00 is executed at
each period. The step 00 can
be described only at the head
of a sequence table group.
* 1. The step 00 cannot be
described as a next step label.
* 2. The step 00 cannot be
described on an extended
sequence table.
Step
C01
.
.
.
00
%SW0200
%SW0201
%SW0202
%SW0203
C32 Condition signals
Y
Y
A01
.
.
.
A32
Y
%Z011101
%Z011102
%Z011103
01 02
04
03
Y
Y
N
N
Action signals
THEN
02
03
04
ELSE
The step 00 as well as the current step 03,
conditions are tested. If conditions of step 00
are satisfied, actions are executed.
Current step.
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Example of Step Sequence
Sequence specifications:
The start push button initiates
charging and discharging processes.
1. The start push button
turns ON, the valve A opens
to fill water in the tank.
When the tank is full, (the
switch A turns ON) the valve
A closes.
2. The start push button
turns ON again when the
tank is full, the valve B
opens. When the
discharging process ends,
(the switch B becomes OFF)
the valve B closes.
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Example of Step Sequence
Rule number 01
Charging process (step A1)
Rule number 02
Close
Rule number 03
Discharging process (step A2)
Rule number 04
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Example of Step Sequence
Description of the sequence with a sequence table.
B
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Condition and Action Signal Allocation
The sequence table block (ST16) has 32 condition signals and
32 action signals (default). However, allocation of the number of
signals can be changed in the 8-signal unit with the signal
selection dialog in the function block detail definition builder.
No. of condition
signals
8
TE33Q6C40-01E
No. of action signals
56
16
48
24
40
32 (default)
32 (default)
40
24
48
16
56
8
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Logic Chart Block
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-E 5
Logic Chart Block
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Logic Chart Block (LC64)
A logic chart block is the function block that describes the
relations of the input signals, the output signals and logic
calculation operators in the interlock dialog form.
An architecture of LC64 logic chart block shown below:
Q32
J32
A logic chart block LC64 has 32 inputs, 32 outputs and 64 logic elements.
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Logic Chart Example
The figure below shows an example of the logic chart:
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Outline of Logic Chart
• Condition/Action signals:
The input/output information such as tag names, data items or other
specific condition/action scripts should be entered.
• Comment:
For the input signals or output signals, their service comments can
be described up to 24 characters.
• Logic chart area:
Logic calculation process can be expressed in logic chart diagram
form.
• Order of logic calculation:
For the execution of logic calculation, the matrix expansion or the
manual expansion can be selected.
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Creating a Logic Chart Block
• Logic chart edit window:
From the selection dialog, select LC64 to display a logic chart
edit window.
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Logic Chart Processing Flow
The figure below shows a logic chart processing flow:
• Input processing:
The condition test is performed on the input signal.
• Logic calculation processing:
The logic calculation is expressed by combinations of logic operators.
• Output processing:
The status manipulation sends commands such as data setting or status
change to the contact output terminals or other function blocks.
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Logic Operation Elements
Logic operator
AND
Symbol
Action
Notes
Logic product
(Max. inputs 21.)
Logic sum
OR
(Max. inputs 21)
NOT
Negation
SRS1-R
Flip-flop
(Reset dominant)
SRS2-R
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Logic Operation Elements
Logic operator
Symbol
Action
Notes
SRS1-S
Flip-flop
(Set dominant)
SRS2-S
WOUT
OND
(W.O)
Wipeout
IN
t
ON-delay timer
OUT
IN
OFFD
TE33Q6C40-01E
t
OFF-delay timer
OUT
46
YOKOGAWA
Logic Operation Elements
Logic operator
Symbol
Action
IN
TON
Notes
1 scan
One-shot
(Rise trigger)
OUT
IN
1 scan
TOFF
One-shot
(Fall trigger)
OUT
CMP-GE
Comparator
CMP-GT
Comparator
CMP-EQ
Comparator
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YOKOGAWA
Wipeout Operation
A logic table and an equivalent circuit of the wipeout (WOUT)
is shown below:
S
OUT
R
One wipeout operation is counted as two logic operation elements.
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Internal Timer Operation
Operation diagram of the timer is shown below:
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Execution Order
For the execution of logic calculation, the matrix expansion or
manual expansion can be selected.
• Matrix expansion:
Logic operators are executed from the left column to the right,
and from the upper element to the lower in the same column.
• Manual expansion:
The execution order automatically assigned to the logic
operation elements according to their position that can be
manually changed.
The execution order can be specified on the logic chart edit window.
The default setting is the matrix order.
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Processing Timing of Sequence
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-E 6
Processing Timing of Sequence
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Execution Timing
A sequential control block and a logic chart block have the
following four types of execution timing:
• Periodic execution (T):
Repeatedly executed in a preset cycle.
• One-shot execution (O):
Executed once when invoked by other function blocks.
• Initial execution/Restart execution (I):
Executed when the FCS performs a cold or a restart.
• Initial execution (B):
Executed when the FCS performs a restart.
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Output Timing
The output timing of a sequence table block indicates the
conditions under which output processing is performed when
the sequence table is executed periodically or as one-shot.
• Output only when conditions change (C):
The ST16, ST16E blocks output an operation signal only at the
timing when the tested conditions are changed from unsatisfied to
satisfied. This output timing can only be specified with the periodic
execution (T) or the one-shot execution.
• Output each time conditions are satisfied (E):
The ST16 ,ST16E blocks output an action signal every scan period
as long as the tested conditions are satisfied.
For the LC64, logic chart block, only “Output each time conditions are satisfied
(E)” can be specified.
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Processing Timing
Execution timing and output timing can be used in
combination.
The table below shows the combination of timings for ST16
and ST16E.
Default
For the LC64, logic chart block, output timing (C) can not be specified.
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Control Period and Control Phase
• Control period:
The execution interval at which the periodic execution type ST16 or
ST16E block executes the sequence table.
(Specify the value between 1 and 16 seconds)
• Control phase:
The execution timing of the sequence table. It is the execution timing
relative to the execution timing of the phase-zero sequence table.
The control phase can be set on the sequence table, which control period is
more than one second.
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Control Period and Control Phase
The sequence table, which control period is 5 sec, and control phase
is 3 sec. The table is executed at every 5 seconds interval, 3 seconds
after the phase-zero table.
Executed every second.
Executed with 5 sec.
control period and 3
sec. control phase.
Base
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56
Base
Base
YOKOGAWA
Switch Instrument Blocks
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-E 7
Switch Instrument Blocks
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Concept of Switch Instrument
Related contact output and input modules are operated
and monitored as a single instrument.
The contact output is
assigned as the MV
of an instrument.
V1024
The contact input is
assigned as the PV
of an instrument.
AUT
OPEN
Manipulated
output
OPEN
DO001
CLOSE
画面から直接DI
でバルブの開閉
CLOSE
を確認
Cutoff Valve
画面から直接
DOを操作して
バルブを開閉す
る
OPEN
CLOSE
Monitoring
input
DI001
Magnet valve with limit switches
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Structure of Switch Instrument
Answerback
bypass
SW1
Answerback
bypass function
Remote
output value
BPSW=0
RMV
Mode
change
interlock
INT
Answerback
check function
CAL
BPSW=0
BPSW=1
Answerback
input function
CSV
MAN
BPSW=1
PV
Sequence
setpoint
Conformity check of PV
and MV after answerback
check suppression time.
Remote/Local
input function
ROUT
CAS,AUT
MV
Output signal
conversion function
RSW
IN
Answerback (PV)
TE33Q6C40-01E
TSI
Remote(0) / Local(1)
59
OUT
Output (MV)
YOKOGAWA
Concept of Switch Instrument
The switch instrument block
(SIO-22) manipulates a valve
by its output (MV) and confirms
the status of the valve by the
limit switch input (PV).
TAG NO.
Instrument
faceplate
AUT
OPEN
MV
PV
PV=0: OFF
PV=2: ON
CLOSE
Sequence table
xxxxxxxx
MAN
MV=0: OFF
MV=2: ON
Local operation board
AUT
LOCAL
Answerback
check function
Functions of switch
instrument
Limit switch
Open
Close
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Answerback Check and Types
Answerback check function:
The answerback check function checks if final control elements such as a valve is
working as specified by the output from the switch instrument block.
If there is any inconsistency between the answerback input value (PV) and the
manipulated output value (MV), the answerback error alarm (ANS+ or ANS-)
occurs.
As it takes a certain length of time from changing the manipulated output value
to completing the final control element operation, answerback check suppression
time (MTM) can be specified.
Switch instrument types:
The following 10 types of blocks are provided.
SI - 1
SIO – 11
SIO – 12P
SI - 2
SIO – 12
SIO – 22P
Block symbols:
SO - 1
SIO – 21
SO - 2
SIO - 22
SIO – 22P
Switch instrument Input Output No. of input No. of output Pulse I/O
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Creation of Switch Instrument
An example of the selection dialog
and the definition window of the
switch instrument.
The detail specification definition window of
the switch instrument has the switch position
label definition. The position label can be
selected for the process I/O instrument types.
See PART-ENG “Switch Position Label.”
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Timer Block
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-E 8
Timer Block
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Timer Block (TM)
The timer block (TM) measures time in the unit of second or
minute. In addition to the basic elapsed time measuring function,
it has the preset timer function, which notifies time-up when a
specified time elapsed. It has the function of periodic action too.
An example of the timer block operation.
Counting
process
PV
(CTUP)
Function block diagram
Processing Timing: TC
OUT
Timer start switch
ON
TM100.BSTS
CTUP
TM100.OP
START
Y
%SW0500.PV
H
N
Y
Timer count-up
Timer start/stop
BSTS: Block status
CTUP: Count-up
Y
%SW0500.PV
Start switch off
N
OP: Operation
START: Start/stop action
Start command
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64
Stop command
YOKOGAWA
Action of Timer Block
When the timer block receives an action command, the
block status changes according to the command. When a
start command is given, the block resets the elapsed time
(PV), and starts counting.
Preset value (The time up to time-up.)
Pre-alarm value
Deviation (PH-PV)
Counted time
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Timer Restart Action
When the timer block in pause status receives the restart
command, the counting action is restarted. (Elapsed time
is not reset.)
NR
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Condition and Action Signals
The following describes examples of the timer condition and
action signals can be specified in the sequence table:
Tag name.Data item
Data
Condition rule
TM0002.BSTS
(Block status)
Y/N
Tag name.Data item
Data
Timer Start Action
TM0002.OP
START
Timer Stop Action
TM0002.OP
STOP
Timer Pause Action
TM0002.OP
WAIT
Timer Restart Action
TM0002.OP
RSTR
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67
Action rule
Y (N for stop)
Y
Y (N for restart)
Y
YOKOGAWA
Software Counter Block
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-E 9
Software Counter Block
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Software Counter Block (CTS)
In addition to the basic counting function, the software counter
block (CTS) has the preset counter function, which notifies the
count-up when the block counted the specified value.
An example of the soft-counter block operation.
Counting
process
Processing Timing: TE
PV
Stop switch
%SW0501.PV ON
Update switch
%SW0502.PV ON
Counter count-up
CT100.BSTS
CTUP
CT100.ACT
ON
CT100.ACT
OFF
Y
%SW0501.PV
H
N
%SW0502.PV
H
Y
Y
Y
Function block diagram
Counter update
BSTS: Block status
CTUP: Count-up
Counter stop
ACT: Action
ON: Update, OFF: Stop
Stop command
TE33Q6C40-01E
69
Y
N
Update command
YOKOGAWA
Action of Software Counter Block
The software counter block (CTS) updates the count value (PV)
upon receiving the operation command and changes the block
status. When the operation command is received, if the block
status is STOP, the count value is reset (PV=1).
Preset value (Count-up value)
Pre-alarm value
Counted value
NR
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Condition and Action Signals
The following describes examples of the soft-counter condition
and action signals can be specified in the sequence table:
Tag name.Data item
Data
Condition rule
CTS001.BSTS
(Block status)
Y/N
Tag name.Data item
Data
Action rule
Soft-counter Update Action
CTS001.ACT
ON
Y
Soft-counter Stop Action
CTS001.ACT
OFF
Y
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Relational Expression Block
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-E 10
Relational Expression Block
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Relational Expression Block (RL)
The relational expression block (RL) is executed during the
condition testing for a sequence control block such as a sequence
table, or for a calculation block. It tests the numerical relationship
or the logical product of two data, according to the relational
expression in the block, and returns the result whether it matches
for the conditions to the calling function block.
RV01
RV02
RV31
RV32
Flow A
Flow B
Flow C
2.50
Flow
(X01)
Flow A
Flow B
(X16)
Flow A (RV01) > Flow B (RV02)
Flow A (RV01) < Flow B (RV02)
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Relational Expression Block (RL)
There exists two types of the relational expressions:
The numerical comparison operation between two data and
the logical product operation of two data.
• Numerical comparison (CMP):
Performs the numerical comparison of two data. It tests if the
relationship matches for the relational expression and returns a
logical value.
e.g. FIC101.PV > FIC102.PV
• Logical product (AND):
Computes logical products of two data by bit. It returns true if at
least one bit satisfies the relational expression.
e.g. %CI0100.PV & %CI0101.PV
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Relational Expression Block (RL)
The definition of the relational expression block and the
description on sequence tables:
The figure below shows an example of the relational expression
definition.
RV01 RV03
RV02 RV04
X 01
X 02
Selection of the operator.
The defined relational expressions are described on the
sequence table as follows:
RL0100 is a user tag of the relational expression block (RL).
[Data Expression (Numerical)]
GT: Greater than
GE: Greater than and equal
LT: Less than
LE: Less than and equal
EQ: Equal
TE33Q6C40-01E
Tag, Data item
RL0100.X01
GE
RL0100.X01
LT
TM100.OP
75
Data
Y
Y
START Y N
YOKOGAWA
Auxiliary Blocks
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-E 11
Auxiliary Blocks
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Creation of Sequence Auxiliary
The sequence auxiliary blocks are registered from the Select
Function Block dialog.
There are two folders; Sequence Elements 1 and Sequence
Elements 2.
Sequence Elements 1:
TM (Timer), CTS (Soft-counter), CTP
(Pulse counter), CI (Code input), CO
(Code output)
Sequence Elements 2:
RL (Relational expression), RS
(Resource scheduler), VLVM (Valve
monitor)
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Sequence Auxiliary Blocks
Besides the timer (TIM), soft counter (CTS) and relational
expression (RL) blocks, the following sequence auxiliary blocks
are provided:
Pulse train counter (CTP): This block counts the number of pulse input
signals. It also has the preset counter function.
Code input (CI): This block converts the digital input signal into code value
(PV). Either “no-conversion “ or “BCD-conversion” is selectable.
Code output (CO): This block converts the integer value, which is set as the
setting code value (PV). Either “no-conversion “ or “BCD-conversion” is
selectable.
Resource scheduler (RS): This block is used to manage the utilization of
limited plant resources.
Valve monitor (VLVM): This block handles 16 sets of input signals
independently, performing valve operation monitoring and message output
for each input signal.
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-D D3-7 to D3-12.
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Code Input Block (CI)
The CI block is a function block that converts the digital input signal
into code value (PV). The conversion of digital input signals to input
code values (PV) includes “No-conversion” in which the signal pattern
is interpreted as a binary number, and “BCD conversion” in which it is
interpreted as a BCD (binary coded decimal) code.
The Code Input Block (CI) inputs the contact signals that continue for the number of
input signal points from the element of the input destination specified in the IN terminal.
The first element corresponds to the most significant digit.
The input signal points are set by the Function Block Detail Builder.
• Number of bits input: 0 to 18 points
Up to 16 points in the case of “no conversion”
Default is 0.
The following describes an example of specifying the code input block one-shot
execution in the action signal column of the sequence table.
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Code Input Block (CI)
The figure below shows examples of encoding when “no
conversion” and “BCD conversion” are specified.
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YOKOGAWA
Code Output Block (CO)
The Code Output Block (CO) is a function block that converts the
integer value which is set as the setting code value (PV). Converting of
the setting code value (PV) has “no conversion,” which outputs the
integer value in binary, and “BCD conversion,” which outputs after
converting into binary coded decimal (BCD) options.
The output signal points of the Code Output Block (CO) are set by the
Function Block Detail Builder.
• Number of bits output: 0 to 18 points
Up to 16 points in the case of “no conversion.”
Default is 0.
The following describes an example of specifying the code output block one-shot
execution in the action signal column of the sequence table.
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Code Output Block (CO)
The figure below shows examples of encoding when “no conversion”
and “BCD conversion” are specified.
When six points from %SW0100 are specified for CI001, %SW0100
to %SW0105 will be subject to the code output. If the bit inversion is specified as
“Non-reversed” and code output is performed with the settings of CO0001 and
PV=21, the ON/OFF statuses of the %SW0100 to %SW0105 are as shown in
the figure above.
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Valve Monitor Block (VLVM)
The Valve Monitor Block (VLVM)
is used to monitor whether the
final control element (valve) is
operating properly.
Action verification timers provide the
grace time for the operation lag of
the final control elements.
The representative abnormal state (PVR) is determined by the logical OR of individual
valve abnormal statuses (PV01 to PV16).
An example of connection of the valve monitoring block.
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PART-E-Lab
Engineering Course
Laboratory Exercise
TE33Q6C40-01E
1
YOKOGAWA
Cascade Loop Creation
IN
Furnace
Input module
terminal number
P’ry controller
TIC100
PID
OUT
%Z011103
Product
SET
OUT
S’ry controller
FIC100 IN
PID
%Z011105
Output module
terminal number
%Z011104
Input module
terminal number
Fuel
TE33Q6C40-01E
2
YOKOGAWA
Ratio Control Loop Creation
RATIO (SV)
IN
FIR200
RATIO
OUT
Measuring range (PV) : 0.0 – 10.0 M3/M
Ratio set range (SV) : 0.00 – 0.50
Ratio gain (KR): The value to be calculated.
%Z011108
F1
IN
SET
FIC200
OUT
PID
%Z011109
%Z011110
F2
Measuring range (PV): 0.0 – 100.0 M3/H
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YOKOGAWA
Ratio Set Block (RATIO)
CALCn=KR • SVe • PVn+BIAS
CALCn: Current calculated output value
PVn: Current process variable
SVe: Effective ratio setpoint value
KR: Ratio gain
BIAS: Bias value
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4
YOKOGAWA
Cascade Signal Distribution
TIC301
Measuring range (PV) : 0.0 – 10.0 DEGC IN
OUT
PID
SET SV range (SV): 0.0 – 100.0 %
FOUT300
%Z011106
FOUT
MV range (MV1): 0.0 – 200.0 DEGC J01
IN
SET
TIC302
OUT
J02 MV range (MV2): 0.0 – 400.0 DEGC
IN
PID
%Z011111
TIC303
OUT
PID
%Z011112
Measuring range (PV): 0.0 – 200.0 DEGC
TE33Q6C40-01E
SET
5
%Z011113
%Z011114
Measuring range (PV): 0.0 – 400.0 DEGC
YOKOGAWA
Cascade Signal Distributor Block (FOUT)
Range Conversion Output Distribution
MSHn and MSLn automatically agree with the scale high limit and low
limit of the output destination via the output range tracking function.
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6
YOKOGAWA
Sequence Table Creation
ON
Start switch
SW445
OFF
OFF
3s
Count up (CTUP)
Timer
TM001
Reset start
ON
Switch
SW446
OFF
OFF
ON
Switch
SW447
TE33Q6C40-01E
OFF
OFF
7
YOKOGAWA
Sequence Table Creation (2)
Start switch
SW450
5s
SW451
Repeat 3 times
(Counter)
Timer
setting
SW452
SW453
SW454
SW455
SW456
Operator guide
%OG0001
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8
YOKOGAWA
Sequence Table Creation (3)
Modification of the sequence table ST001.
[ST001-PB]
Detection table
Processing timing: TE
One shot action
[ST001]
Execution table
Processing timing: TC
Detection table action description
xx: Specify the step label using 2 or less alphanumeric characters.
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9
YOKOGAWA
Sequence Table Creation (3)
Start
detection
[ST001-PB]
Start instruction detection
SW445.PV.O N
N
Start switch
ON
Y
ST001.MODE.AUT
Sequence
running
Y
N
ST001.SA.A1 : Y
Condition of the A1 (Start)
step in ST001 is
unconditionally satisfied.
Start operation is executed.
TE33Q6C40-01E
Start switch : OFF
SW445.PV.H : N
Start switch : OFF
SW445.PV.H : N
Execution table starting
step (A1) starts
ST001.SA.A1 : Y
Output op. guide
“Operation miss!”
%OG0002.PV.NON : Y
10
YOKOGAWA
Sequence Table Creation (3)
Stop
detection
[ST001-PB]
Stop instruction detection
SW444.PV.O N
N
Stop switch
ON
Y
ST001.MODE.AUT
Sequence
running
N
Y
ST001.SA.SP : Y
Condition of the SP (Stop)
step in ST001 is
unconditionally satisfied.
Stop operation is executed.
TE33Q6C40-01E
Stop switch : OFF
SW444.PV.H : N
Stop switch : OFF
SW444.PV.H : N
Execution table stop
step (SP) starts
ST001.SA.SP : Y
Output op. guide
“Operation miss!”
%OG0002.PV.NON : Y
11
YOKOGAWA
Calculation Function Creation
IN
TI003
CALCU-C
Q01
Q02
Q03
Level
indicator
Reactor
PV
LI003
PVI
PV
PV
PV
TI003H
PVI
TI003M
PVI
TI003L
PVI
IN
High level
temperature
indicator
IN
70%
IN
IN
Medium level
temperature
indicator
40%
Low level
temperature
indicator
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12
YOKOGAWA
Calculation Program
Comment
output
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13
YOKOGAWA
Logic Chart Creation (1)
Comments
Input Elements
Input1
Output Elements
Output1
Logic Elements
SW301.PV.ON
1
SW305.PV.L
AND
SW302.PV.ON
SW303.PV.ON
OR
S2
OND
Ｒ
2
SRS2-R
AND
SW304.PV.L
OND
SW304.PV.ON
SW305.PV.ON
Comments
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14
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Logic Chart Creation (2-1)
TE33Q6C40-01E
15
YOKOGAWA
Logic Chart Creation (2-2)
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16
YOKOGAWA
Logic Chart Creation (2-3)
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17
YOKOGAWA
Graphic Exercise
Station Number
Window name
Tag name
TE33Q6C40-01E
HIS0124
(Left hand side, Odd No.PC)
HIS0123
(Right hand side, Even No. PC)
TRAINOV-A
TRAINOV-B
TRAINCG-A
TRAINCG-B
TRAINGR-A
TRAINGR-B
TRAINORGR-A
TRAINORGR-B
FBS101-A
FBS101-B
LAG109-A
LAG109-B
18
YOKOGAWA
Graphic Exercise
TE33Q6C40-01E
19
YOKOGAWA
Graphic Exercise
TE33Q6C40-01E
20
YOKOGAWA
Arithmetic Calculation and Logic Operation
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-F
Arithmetic Calculation and Logic Operation
TE33Q6C40-01E
1
YOKOGAWA
Arithmetic Calculation and Logic Operation
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-F Arithmetic Calculation and Logic Operation
F1.
F2.
F3.
F4.
Arithmetic Calculation, Logic Operation Positioning
Structure of Calculation Blocks
Types of Calculation Blocks
General Purpose Calculation Block
Reference: IM33S01B30-01E
PART-D Function Block Details,
D2 Arithmetic Calculation, Logic Operation
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YOKOGAWA
Arithmetic Calculation,
Logic Operation Positioning
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-F 1
Arithmetic Calculation, Logic Operation Positioning
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3
YOKOGAWA
Calculation Block Positioning
The arithmetic calculation and logic operation function blocks
perform general-purpose calculation processing, such as
numerical calculation, analog calculation and logical calculation
for the input signals to the block.
FCS
Basic control
Software I/O
I/O interfaces
TE33Q6C40-01E
4
YOKOGAWA
Structure of Calculation Blocks
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-F 2
Structure of Calculation Blocks
TE33Q6C40-01E
5
YOKOGAWA
Structure of Calculation Block
The calculation blocks receive analog signals (and status
signals) as input values, and perform calculations according to
the set parameters.
Receives a signal from the
Input terminal and outputs
a calculated input (RV).
IN
Q01
Q07
Input
processing
P01
RV
RV1
CPV
Calculation
processing
RＶ
7
Reads the calculated inputs
(RV to RV7) and performs calculation
to output the calculated outputs
(CPV to CPV3).
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P08
CPV1
CPV3
Output
processing
OUT
J01
Reads the calculated output (CPV)
and outputs a Jn
calculation result to
the destination of the output
terminal as an output.
SUB
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Types of Calculation Blocks
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-F 3
Types of Calculation Blocks
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Types of Calculation Blocks
According to the data type and calculation capability, the
calculation function blocks are classified into arithmetic
calculation blocks, analog calculation blocks, general-purpose
calculation blocks and calculation auxiliary blocks.
Arithmetic calculation blocks
ADD, MUL, DIV, AVE
Analog calculation blocks
SQRT, LAG, DLAY, LDLAG, AVE-M
Logic operation blocks (CS3000 only)
AND, OR, NOT, EQ
Calculation auxiliary blocks
SW-33, SW-91, DSET, ADL
General-purpose calculation blocks
CALCU: General-purpose calculation block
CALCU-C: General purpose calculation block
with string I/O
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-D Function Block Details, D2 Arithmetic Calculation,
Logic Operation. See also Supplements VIII. Calculation Function Blocks.
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Types of Calculation Blocks
An arithmetic block, typical analog calculation blocks and
a calculation auxiliary block are shown below:
Addition block (ADD)
First-order Lag block (LAG)
Lead / Lag block (LDLAG)
Integration (INTEG)
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Types of Calculation Blocks
Moving average block (AVE-M)
Dead time block (DED)
Three-pole three-position
selector switch block (SW-33)
Temperature and pressure
correction block (TPCFL)
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Creation of Calculation Block
General-purpose calculation
block selection window
Calculation program description window
The user defined calculation program must be created.
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Calculation Block Application Example
IN
PV
FIC101
FI100
Q01
ADD
Totalized raw material
flow meter
PV
PID
FIC102
IN
PID
Moving
average
IN
FAVE101
AVE-M
IN
Moving
average
FAVE102
Raw material
line 1
AVE-M
IN
Raw material
line 2
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General Purpose Calculation Block
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-F 4
General Purpose Calculation Block
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General Purpose Calculation Block
The general purpose calculation block is the function
block that is used to define arbitral calculation algorithm.
P01
IN
Input
processing
P08
RV
Q01
RV1
Q07
RV7
Calculation parameters:
For CALCU-C block, P05 to P08
are the character string data.
CPV
User defined
calculation
processing
Output
processing
OUT
CPV1
J01
CPV3
J03
For CALCU-C block, RV4 toSUB
RV7 and CPV2 to
CPV3 are the character string data.
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General Purpose Calculation Block
The general purpose arithmetic expressions are used in order
to define the calculation algorithm of the general-purpose
calculation blocks, CALCU and CALCU-C.
• Data items of an arbitrary function block can be referred to or set
through the I/O terminal of the general-purpose calculation block.
• Arithmetic expressions which handle character strings such as
messages and block modes can be described.
• Processing such as conditional jumps can be described by using
control statements.
• Built-in functions which execute calculations for the temperature
correction or pressure correction and so on can be used.
See Supplement VIII. Calculation Function Blocks.
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Arithmetic Expression Structure
An example of the structure of general-purpose
arithmetic expressions is shown below:
Program
* Beginning of arithmetic expressions.
Comment
Integer I001, I002, I003
Float F001, F002
Declaration statements
! Data set
TIC100.VN=FIC100.CPV*F001
{SW100.SV.3}={TIC100.MODE.AUT} ! Operation control
TIC100.SV=25.0
! Data set
* End of arithmetic expressions.
Comment
End
Executable
statements
Max. 20 lines
Max. 250 lines
Allowable number of lines of executable statements is about 20 lines for the
statement like A=A1+A2+A3+A4.
See Supplement VIII. 2. General Purpose Arithmetic Expressions.
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Arithmetic Expression Example
An example of general-purpose expression:
Program
* Beginning of arithmetic expressions.
Integer I001, I002, I003
Float F001, F002
Local variables
I/O variables
TIC100.VN = FIC100.CPV*F001
TIC100.SV = 25.0
Constant
! Data setting
Operator
* End of arithmetic expressions.
End
Identifiers: Character strings that represent variables and labels.
Constants: Character strings that represent values themselves.
A variable: Data that has a name and a data type. There are two
types: Local variables and I/O variables.
An operator: Anything that designates an action to be performed.
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Control Statements
The control statement is a statement for controlling the
execution order of arithmetic expressions.
There are four kinds as shown below:
• if statement: Condition testing
• switch statement: Multiple-branch processing
• goto statement: Unconditional jump
• exit statement: Jumps to the “end” statement unconditionally.
e.g. if ( A > B ) then C = D + E
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Program Example
A program that calculates tank temperature according to
the liquid level of the tank is shown below:
*
output
* #define: The compiler control instruction for character string substitution.
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Sequence Connection
Arithmetic expressions can describe a sequential control
same as a sequence table.
An example of sequence connection expression:
Program
{SW100.SV.3} = {TIC100.MODE.AUT}
End
TIC100.MODE. AUT
Y
SW100.SV.
Y
3
Description with ST-16.
I/O variables are sandwiched with ‘{‘ and ‘}’.
* For easier maintenance, it is recommended that the arithmetic expression
blocks should be used for calculations and substitutions of data, and the
sequence table blocks should be used for operation controls.
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PART-F Lab. Exercise
Fundamental Course
Laboratory Exercise
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Laboratory Exercise
Odd No. PC
(HIS0124)
Even No. PC
(HIS0123)
Reactor A
Tag name
******-A
TIC102-A
******-B
TIC102-B
Overview window
REACTORS
REACT-A-OV
REACTORS
REACT-B-OV
Control window
REACT-A-CG
REACT-A-CG2
REACT-B-CG
REACT-B-CG2
Graphic window
REACT-A-GR
REACT-B-GR
Trend window
TG0101
TG0501
TG0111
TG0511
Function key
Call REACT-A/B-GR
Call REACT-A/B-OV
Call REACT-A/B-CG
Call REACT-A/B-CG2
Call TG0101/0111
Call TG0501/0511
Call sequence table
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
e.g.
TCPJT is installed only in HIS0124.
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Laboratory Exercise
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Laboratory Exercise
Window call menu
Operation menu
Toolbox
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