In the diagram given in Figure 12.2 label the parts marked (a), (b) and (c).
Group the seeds given in Figure12.3 (i) to (iii) according to their means of dispersion.
(a) Seed dispersed by wind
(b) Seed dispersed by water
(c) Seed dispersed by animal
In the figure of a flower given in Figure 12.4, label the parts whose functions are given below and
give their names.
(a) The part which contains pollen grains.
(b) The part where the female gamete is formed.
(c) The female reproductive part where pollen grains germinate.
(d) The colourful part of the flower which attracts insects.
. In the diagram of a bisexual flower given as Figure 12.5, draw the missing part and label the parts
marked (a), (b) and (c). Also, label the missing part that you draw.
The ‘eye’ of the potato plant is what
(a) the root is to any plant.
(b) the bud is to a flower.
(c) the bud is to Bryophyllum leaf.
(d) the anther is to stamen
The ovaries of different flowers may contain
(a) only one ovule
(b) many ovules
(c) one to many ovules
(d) only two ovules
Name two plants in which pollination occurs by water.
Answer:
Vallisneria and Hydrilla.
When you keep food items like bread and fruits outside for a long time especially during the rainy
season, you will observe a cottony growth on them. [NCERT Exemplar; HOTS]
(a) What is this growth called?
(b) How does the growth take place?
Answer:
(a) When food items like bread and fruits are kept outside for a long time especially during rainy
season, a cottony growth of bread mould, a fungus is observed.
(b) This growth of fungus takes place by spores present in air, which when comes in the contact with
moisture in bread germinates and grow to produce new cells.
Collect some flower of different plants like papaya, rose, mustard, lady’s finger, Petunia, cucumber,
corn, pea, etc. Group them under following heads.
(a) Which of these plants have unisexual flowers?
(b) Which of these plants have bisexual flower?
(c) What is the other name of unisexual and bisexual flower? [HOTS]
Answer:
(a) Unisexual flowers are papaya, cucumber, com.
(b) Bisexual flowers are rose, mustard, lady’s finger, Petunia, pea.
(c) Unisexual flowers are also called as incomplete flower while bisexual flowers are called
hermaphrodite or complete flowers.
What is a bud? Which organism reproduce by budding? Given the diagrammatic representation of
budding in a plant.
What is seed dispersal? What will happen if all the seeds of a plant were to fall at a same place and
grow?
Observe the given figure?
(a) Which plant is this? Give the name of the plant.
(b) What does it shows?
(c) From where the new plants are developing?
The process of layering is commonly used in jasmine for reproduction. Explain how this process of
layering is performed in jasmine. [HOTS]
Answer:
Observe the given figure and answer the following questions.
(a) Name the plant?
(b) Which type of reproduction is seen in this plant?
(c) Is ginger a root or stem?
(d) Label the part of this plant?
The mode of vegetative reproduction where scion and stock are used is called
(a) budding
(b) grafting
(c) cutting
(d) layering
Answer:
(b) grafting
1.The male and female gametes fuse to form a …………… during the process of …………… This
grows into an …………… which is enclosed within a seed. After fertilisation the ovules develop into
…………… and the ovary develops into a …………… [NCERT Exemplar]
2. Roots, stems and leaves are called …………… of a plant.
3. The small bulb like projections coming out from the yeast cell is called a …………… .
4. The scars present on the potato tubers are called …………… .
5. Spirogyra \s an alga which may breaks up into two or more …………… .
6. The …………… is the male reproductive part of flower while …………… is the female
reproductive part of a flower.
7. Pollen grains are …………… that can be carried by …………… or …………… .
8. The cells which result after …………… of the gametes is called …………… .
Which of the following parts of a sexual reproduction?
(i) Flower
(ii) Seed
(iii) Fruit
(iv) Branch
Choose the correct answer from below
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Question 5.
The ovaries of different flowers may contain . [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) only one ovule
(b) many ovules
(c) one to many ovules
(d) only two ovules
Question 6.
Which of the following statements is/are true for sexual reproduction in plants?
(i) Plants are obtained from seeds
(ii) Two plants are always essential
(iii) Fertilisation can occur only after pollination
(iv) Only insects are agents of pollination
Choose from the options given [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) only (i)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i) and (iv)
Question 7.
The fusion of male and female gametes is called
(a) ovulation
(b) population
(c) pollination
(d) fertilisation
Question 8.
Which among the following have hairs on seed?
(a) Drumstick
(b) Cotton
(c) Aak
(d) Maple
Question 9.
Which among the following do not reproduce by vegetative reproduction?
(a) Wheat
(b) Sugarcane
(c) Rose
(d) Jasmine
Question 10.
The mode of vegetative reproduction where scion and stock are used is called
(a) budding
(b) grafting
(c) cutting
(d) layering
Question 11.
The female gamete of a flowering plant is present in which part?
(a) Ovules
(b) Buds
(c) Pollen
(d) Anther
The ‘eye’ of the potato plant is what?
(a) The root is to any plant
(b) The bud is to a flower
(c) The bud is to Bryophyllum leaf
(d) The anther is to stamen
Ria went to a plant nursery with her mother. The gardner approached them and asked about their
choice of plant. Ria’s mother wanted a flowering plant with fragrance. Gardner showed them a plant
and told them that this variety has been prepared by a method of vegetative propagation of stems.
Ria grew curious and asked some questions to gardner.
(a) What is vegetative propagation?
(b) What are methods of producing new plants using stem?
(c) Name any two plants where this method of reproduction is used. Is this a asexual or sexual
method?
Ravi was sitting in a garden with his family. His younger sister comes running with different types of
flowers and starts to name their parts. She stops as she forgets some names and Ravi noticing this
comes to help her.
His sister askes many questions related to flowers and Ravi answers her with all information he has.
(a) What is a flower and mention its function during reproduction?
(b) Flowers help in pollination and fertilisation. Yes/No? Give reason.
(c) Do all flowers have both male and female parts on them specify?
Differentiate between
1. cutting and budding
2. Potato budding and bryophyllum
3. Stamen and Pistil
4. Budding in potato and budding in yeast
5. Spore formation in fugus and Yeast
Different methods of seed dispersal and how are seeds adapted for the same
Dispersal by 
Adaptation
Example
Dispersal by 
Adaptation
Example
Dispersal by 
Adaptation
Example
Dispersal by 
Adaptation
Example
-------------------------------------Answers----------------------------------------------------------------
1.The male and female gametes fuse to form a …………… during the process of
…………… This grows into an …………… which is enclosed within a seed. After
fertilisation the ovules develop into …………… and the ovary develops into a ……………
[NCERT Exemplar]
2. Roots, stems and leaves are called …………… of a plant.
3. The small bulb like projections coming out from the yeast cell is called a …………… .
4. The scars present on the potato tubers are called …………… .
5. Spirogyra \s an alga which may breaks up into two or more …………… .
6. The …………… is the male reproductive part of flower while …………… is the female
reproductive part of a flower.
7. Pollen grains are …………… that can be carried by …………… or …………… .
8. The cells which result after …………… of the gametes is called …………… .
Answers:
1. zygote, fertilisation, embryo, seed, fruit
2. vegetative part
3. bud
4. eye
5. fragments
6. stamen, pistil
7. light, wind, water
8. fusion, zygote
True/False
1. Potato reproduces from seeds.
2. Hibiscus or China rose is a bisexual flower.
3. Jasmine is grown by grafting.
4. Asexual reproduction in yeast takes place by budding.
5. Pollination is the process of fusion of male and female gametes.
6. Fruits are developed from the ripened ovary.
7. Pollen grains are present in anther.
8. Maple seed is dispersed by explosion mechanism.
9. Two individuals are needed for the sexual reproduction.
10. Pistil is the male reproductive part of a flower.
Answers:
1. False, potato reproduces from ‘eyes’ which are buds present on its body.
2. True
3. False, jasmine is grown by layering method of vegetative propagation.
4. True
5. False, pollination is the process of transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma of
flower.
6. True
7. True
8. False, maple seed is dispersed by wind or water as these seeds are very light and hairy.
9. True
10. False, pistil is the female reproductive part of a flower.
Which of the following parts of a sexual reproduction?
(i) Flower
(ii) Seed
(iii) Fruit
(iv) Branch
Choose the correct answer from below
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Answer:
(b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
Question 5.
The ovaries of different flowers may contain . [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) only one ovule
(b) many ovules
(c) one to many ovules
(d) only two ovules
Answer:
(c) one to many ovules
Question 6.
Which of the following statements is/are true for sexual reproduction in plants?
(i) Plants are obtained from seeds
(ii) Two plants are always essential
(iii) Fertilisation can occur only after pollination
(iv) Only insects are agents of pollination
Choose from the options given [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) only (i)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i) and (iv)
Answer:
(a) (i) and (iii)
Question 7.
The fusion of male and female gametes is called
(a) ovulation
(b) population
(c) pollination
(d) fertilisation
Answer:
(d) fertilisation
Question 8.
Which among the following have hairs on seed?
(a) Drumstick
(b) Cotton
(c) Aak
(d) Maple
Answer:
(b) Cotton
Question 9.
Which among the following do not reproduce by vegetative reproduction?
(a) Wheat
(b) Sugarcane
(c) Rose
(d) Jasmine
Answer:
(a) Wheat
Question 10.
The mode of vegetative reproduction where scion and stock are used is called
(a) budding
(b) grafting
(c) cutting
(d) layering
Answer:
(b) grafting
Question 11.
The female gamete of a flowering plant is present in which part?
(a) Ovules
(b) Buds
(c) Pollen
(d) Anther
Answer:
(a) Ovules
The ‘eye’ of the potato plant is what?
(a) The root is to any plant
(b) The bud is to a flower
(c) The bud is to Bryophyllum leaf
(d) The anther is to stamen
Answer:
(b) The bud is to a flower
Ria went to a plant nursery with her mother. The gardner approached them and asked about their
choice of plant. Ria’s mother wanted a flowering plant with fragrance. Gardner showed them a plant
and told them that this variety has been prepared by a method of vegetative propagation of stems.
Ria grew curious and asked some questions to gardner.
(a) What is vegetative propagation?
(b) What are methods of producing new plants using stem?
(c) Name any two plants where this method of reproduction is used. Is this a asexual or sexual
method?
(d) What values do you observe in Ria? [Value Based Question]
Answer:
(a) Vegetative propagation is the process of reproduction in which new plants are produced from
different parts of old plants like stem, roots or leaves.
(b) Cutting and grafting method are two methods where stem is used for vegetative propagation.
(c) Mango and rose are two plants cultivated using vegetative propagation.
This is an asexual method of reproduction.
(d) Ria is curious, inquiring who wants to gain knowledge about process occurring around here.
Ravi was sitting in a garden with his family. His younger sister comes running with different types of
flowers and starts to name their parts. She stops as she forgets some names and Ravi noticing this
comes to help her.
His sister askes many questions related to flowers and Ravi answers her with all information he has.
(a) What is a flower and mention its function during reproduction?
(b) Flowers help in pollination and fertilisation. Yes/No? Give reason.
(c) Do all flowers have both male and female parts on them specify?
(d) What values are observed in Ravi and his sister? (Value Based Question]
Answer:
(a) A flower is the reproductive part of plant which helps in sexual reproduction.
A flower ensures the occurrence of process of fertilisation.
(b) Yes, flower aids in both pollination and fertilisation. Different colours and fragrance of flowers
attract insects to them causing dispersal of pollen grain ensuring pollination.
Fertilisation occurs in the ovary of the flower after pollination of male and female parts.
(c) Number of some flowers can either have male or female parts on them, these flowers are called
unisexual.
Some flowers have both, the male and female parts on them so they are called bisexual flowers
Cutting
Vegetative propagation from a stem or branch
containing atleast one bud
The cut branch is planted in soil and watered
for roots and stems to grow
Rose , Champa
Budding
Vegetative propagation by buds
When the bud matures it detaches from the
parent plant and grows into a new plant
Potatoes, Yeast