International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering
and Research
www.ijmter.com
e-ISSN No.:2349-9745, Date: 28-30 April, 2016
Foot Step Power Generation Using PIC Microcontroller
Manisha B. Kanawade1,Amruta N. Jadhav2,Rohini B. Jadhav3,Prof. Kalpesh K Bamb4
E&TC, SNJB’S KBJ college of Engineering, Chandwad, manishakanawade04@gmail.com
2
E&TC,SNJB’S KBJ college of Engineering, Chandwad, ,jadhavamruta594@gmail.com
3
E&TC,SNJB’S KBJ college of Engineering, Chandwad,rohini.jadhav200@gmail.com
4
E&TC, SNJB’S KBJ college of Engineering, Chandwad, kalpeshkumar.bamb@gmail.com
1
Abstract-Man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for the sustenance and wellbeing since time immemorial. Due to this a lot of energy resources have been exhausted and
wasted. Proposal for the utilization of waste energy of foot power with human locomotion is
very much relevant and important for highly populated countries like India where the railway
station, temples etc., are overcrowded all round the clock .When the flooring is engineered
with piezo electric technology, the electrical energy produced by the pressure is captured by
floor sensors and converted to an electrical charge by piezo transducers, then stored and used
as a power source. And this power source has many applications as in agriculture, home
application and street lighting and as energy source for sensors in remote locations.
Keywords-Piezoelectric transduser, ACripple neutralizer, microcontroller PIC16f877A,
mobile charger unit, LCD, battery
I. INTRODUCTION
The usage of traditional power generation method such as burning of coal, wood, diesel etc is
continuously depleting our natural resources such as fossil fuel which is the demand for
power has exceed supply due to the rising population. In addition to this the traditional
method cause population.
has the potential to redefine urban space by adding a sense of fluidity and encouraging people
to activate spaces with their movement. The crowed farm floor is composed of standard parts
that are easily replicated but it is expensive to produce at this stage. This technology would
facilitate the future creation of new urban landscape athletic field with a spectator area, music
halls, theatres, nightclubs and large gathering space for rallies, demonstrations and
celebration
Proposal for the utilization of waste energy of foot power with human locomotion is very
much relevant and important for highly populated countries like India and China where the
roads,railway stations, bus stands, temples etc. are all over crowded and millions of people
move move around the clock. This whole human bio energy being wasted if can be made
possible for utilization it will be great invention and crowd energy farms will be very useful
energy sources in crowded countries. Walking across a “Crowd Farm”, floor, then will be fun
for idle people who can improve their health by exercising in such farms with earning. The
electrical energy generated at such farms will be useful for nearby application.
@IJMTER-2016, All rights Reserved
International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 3, Issue 4, [April 2016] Special Issue of ICRTET’2016
II. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure 1.Block diagram of system
2.1.Microcontroller PIC16F877A
PIC16F877A microcontroller is main part of foot step power generation system. It is used to
display battery voltage on LCD. It is also used to measure battery voltage with the help of
analog to digital converter of pic microcontroller. 10MHz crystal is used in this project
 1.Operating frequency- 20MHz
 2.Resets and Delays-POR,BOR(PWRT,OST)
 3.Flash memory-8KB
 4.Data memory-368Bytes
 5.EEPROM-256Bytes
 6.I/O ports-A,B,C,D,E
2.2.PIEZO ELECTRIC SENSOR
A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect to measure pressure,
acceleration, strain or force by converting them to an electrical signal.
Figure 2.Piezoelectric Sensor
Piezoelectric sensors have proven to be versatile tools for the measurement of various
processes.
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International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 3, Issue 4, [April 2016] Special Issue of ICRTET’2016
Figure 3.Piezoelectriccrystal
The rise of piezoelectric technology is directly related to a set of inherent advantages. The
high modulus of elasticity of many piezoelectric materials is comparable to that of many
metals and goes up to 10e6 N/m²[Even though piezoelectric sensors are electromechanical
systems that react to compression, the sensing elements show almost zero deflection.
This is the reason why piezoelectric sensors are so rugged, have an extremely high natural
frequency and an excellent linearity over a wide amplitude range. Additionally, piezoelectric
technology is insensitive to electromagnetic fields and radiation, enabling measurements
under harsh conditions. Some materials used (especially gallium phosphate or tourmaline)
have an extreme stability even at high temperature, enabling sensors to have a working range
of up to 1000°C. Tourmaline shows pyroelectricity in addition to the piezoelectric effect; this
is the ability to generate an electrical signal when the temperature of the crystal changes.
2.3. A.C. RIPPLE NEUTRALIZER:
Capacitive filter is used in this project. It removes the ripples from the output of rectifier and
smoothens the D.C. Output received from this filter is constant until the mains voltage and
load is maintained constant. However, if either of the two is varied, D.C. voltage received at
this point changes. Therefore a regulator is applied at the output stage.
Figure 4.Capacitor Filter
2.4. BATTERY:
• Manufactured/tested using CAD
• Electrolyte volume
• PE Separators
• Protection against leakage
III.
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE IN DETAIL
The piezoelectric material converts the pressure applied to it into electrical energy. The
source of pressure can be either from the weight of the moving vehicles or from the weight of
the people walking over it. The output of the piezoelectric material is not a steady one. So a
bridge circuit is used to convert this variable voltage into a linear one. Again an AC ripple
filter is used to filter out any further fluctuations in the output. The output dc voltage is then
stored in a rechargeable battery. As the power output from a single piezo-film was extremely
low, combination of few Piezo films was investigated. Two possible connections were tested
- parallel and series connections. The parallel connection did not show significant increase in
the voltage output. With series connection, additional piezo-film results in increased of
voltage output but not in linear proportion. So here a combination of both parallel and series
connection is employed for producing 40V voltage output with high current density. From
battery provisions are provided to connect dc load. An inverter is connected to battery to
provide provision to connect AC load. The voltage produced across the tile can be seen in a
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International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 3, Issue 4, [April 2016] Special Issue of ICRTET’2016
LCD. For this purpose microcontroller PIC16F873A is used. The microcontroller uses a
crystal oscillator for its operation. The output of the microcontroller is then given to the LCD
which then displays the voltage levels
Figure 5.Schematic representation of the working model
3.2. Maximum Theoretical Voltage Generated
When a force is applied on piezo material, a charge is generated across it. Thus, it can be
assumed to be an ideal capacitor. Thus, all equations governing capacitors can be applied to
it. In this project, on one tile, we connect 3 piezo in series.10 such series connections are
connected in parallel. Thus when 3 piezoelectric discs are connected in series, its equivalent
capacitance becomes:
1/Ceq=(1/c1)+(1/c2)+(1/c3)
We know,
Q=C*V
So
C=Q/V
Veq/Q=(V1/Q)+(V2/Q)+(V3/Q)
Thus,
Veq=V1+V2+V3
Hence, the net voltage generated in series connection is the sum of individual voltages
generated across each piezoelectric disc. Output voltage from 1 piezo disc is 13V.
Thus, Veq=V1+V2+V3
= 13+13+13 =39V
Thus the maximum voltage that can be generated across the piezo tile is around 39V.
STUDY OF CONNECTIONS
Next to determine the kind of connection that gives appreciable voltage and current
necessary, three PZT are connected inseries.
Figure 6. PZT in series connection
A force sensor and voltmeter is connected to this series combination. As varying forces are
applied on this connection, corresponding voltages are noted. Also the voltage generated
across the series connection and the current is measured. Similarly the connections are done
@IJMTER-2016, All rights Reserved
661
International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 3, Issue 4, [April 2016] Special Issue of ICRTET’2016
for parallel and series-parallel connections are done and the graphs as shown in fig 7 and 8
respectively
Figure 7. V-I graph of parallel and series connection
Figure 8. V-I graph of parallel and series
Combination
It can be seen from the graph that the voltage from a series connection is good but the
current obtained is poor, whereas the current from a parallel connection is good but the
voltage is poor. But this problem is rectified in a series- parallel connection where a good
voltage as well as current can be obtained.
Application
1. Street Lighting Operation
2. Foot step power can be used for agricultural.
3. Home application.
4. Street lighting.
5. Railway station.
6. Temples and other crowded areas.
IV.
CONCLUSION
FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION using PIC16F877A has been successfully
developed. The developed system monitor by PIC controller and energy consumption of the
prototype should beconsidered. It is a need to develop and energy saving in future application
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