COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
BUSINESS PLAN FOR LAYERS POULTRY FARM
By
Tola Solomon Garbe
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This profile envisages the establishment of a farm for the rearing of poultry with raising capacity
of 2000 heads of poultry per annum. Poultry eggs have become the most important sources of
protein in the human diet by using it directly or after passing through food processing industries.
The major inputs and auxiliary raw materials required are day old chickens, commercial formula
feed, and high quality vaccines which have to be imported. The present unsatisfied demand for
poultry eggs in Haro Sabu is estimated at higher number. Therefore; the layer poultry farm is
established to satisfy this demand in Haro Sabu town. The total investment requirement is
estimated at Birr 258,600 birr, and out of which Birr 181,020 birr (70%) is from commercial
bank of Ethiopia in coordination with administration of small enterprises and 77,580 birr (30%)
gained from the owner. The plant will create employment opportunities for 10 persons and the
major income sources are eggs, manure, and culled birds.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGES
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ I
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. I I
LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... IV
1. BUSINESS DESCRIPTION.......................................................................................... 1
1.1. Overview of the poultry industry ............................................................................ 1
1.2. Description of the farm ........................................................................................... 3
1.2.1. Mission ............................................................................................................. 3
1.2.2. Objective ........................................................................................................... 3
1.2.3. Vision ............................................................................................................... 3
1.2.4. Location: ........................................................................................................... 3
1.2.5. History of the business ........................................................................................ 4
1.2.6. SWOT Analysis of the sector ............................................................................... 4
1.3. Description of the farm products............................................................................. 6
1.4. The farm positioning and pricing strategy ............................................................... 6
2. MARKET DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................... 7
2.1. Customers .............................................................................................................. 7
2.2. Market size and trends ........................................................................................... 7
2.3. Competition............................................................................................................ 7
2.4. Estimated sales ....................................................................................................... 8
3. DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION ....................................................................... 9
3.1. Development status................................................................................................. 9
3.2. Production process ................................................................................................. 9
3.2.1. Purchase of Day Old Chicks ................................................................................ 9
3.2.2. Brooding ......................................................................................................... 10
3.2.3. Feeding ........................................................................................................... 10
3.2.4. Housing........................................................................................................... 10
3.2.5. Feeders.............................................................................................................10
3.2.6. Lighting ........................................................................................................... 11
3.2.7. Drinkers ........................................................................................................... 11
3.2.8. Litter................................................................................................................ 11
3.2.9. Vaccination ....................................................................................................... 11
3.2.10. Fumigation & Spraying .................................................................................... 11
3.2.11. Culling .......................................................................................................... 12
3.2.12. Rearing and Laying Schedule ...........................................................................12
3.3. Cost of development ............................................................................................. 12
3.4. Labor requirement ............................................................................................... 12
3.5. Expense and capital requirement .......................................................................... 13
3.5.1. Operating expense ............................................................................................... 13
3.5.2. Capital requirements ............................................................................................ 14
3.5.3. Cost of goods ...................................................................................................... 14
4. MANAGEMENT........................................................................................................ 15
4.1. Management description............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2. Ownership............................................................................................................ 15
4.3. Support services ................................................................................................... 15
4.4. Risks .................................................................................................................... 16
5. FINANCIAL DOCUMENTS ...................................................................................... 16
5.1. Cash flow statements ............................................................................................ 16
5.2. Balance sheet........................................................................................................ 17
5.3. Projected Income Statement ................................................................................. 18
5.4. Funding request and return .................................................................................. 18
6. Appendix .................................................................................................................... 19
1. BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
1.1. Overview of the poultry industry
Layer farm business is an agro-based project. That means rising of egg laying birds for the
purpose of commercial egg production. Layer chickens are such a special species of hens, which
need to be raised from when they are one day old. They start laying eggs commercially from 1819 weeks of age. They remain laying eggs continuously till their 72-78 weeks of age. They can
produce about one kg of eggs by consuming about 2.25 kg of food during their egg laying
period. For the purpose of producing hybrid eggs layer, consider the various characteristics of
cock and hen before breeding. There are various types of highly egg productive layer breeds
available throughout the world.
It become one of the most profitable business ventures due to easy availability of inputs,
growing industry and demand for layers, suitability for all weather conditions, encouragement
from the government especially for educated unemployed and the like. It cannot be gainsaid that,
agriculture production alone can meet the demand of human population. In this context
production through poultry sector has become centre stage as a means of alternative source of
protein. This can be started in both rural and semi-urban areas. According to the current industry
practice, poultry sheds area available on rent basis. Poultry farming require less area with high
return than any other animal husbandry and agriculture activities. The agricultural sector plays a
central role in the economic and social life of the nation and is a cornerstone of the economy.
About 80-85 percent of the people are employed in agriculture, especially farming. The sector
contributes about 40 percent of total GDP; livestock and their products account for about 20
percent of agricultural GDP. Smallholders, the backbone of the sector, cultivate 95 per cent of the
cropped area and produce 90-95 percent of cereals, pulses and oilseeds.
Poultry represents an important sub-sector in the Ethiopian agriculture. Poultry as industry is also
of high economic value for the country. Poultry products including eggs and meat constitute a
significant share in the gglobal food industry. Enkulal Fir-Fir or crumbled eggs with bread is
commonly preferable for breakfast in various parts of Ethiopia. Poultry products are also known
for having high nutritional value.
In Ethiopia, poultry is an integrated part of the smallholder production systems and plays a
significant role in poverty alleviation because of its source of foreign exchange and it can be an
income earner for households for household farmers.
Globally poultry is known to have a significant potential to generate income for households.
Many developing and developed countries have integrated poultry in their economy. According
to the United Nations estimation chicken population in world has reached sixteen billion. Poultry
production has high socio-economic value and vital specially for those who are landless and who
do not own cattle, sheep, or goats.
In Ethiopia much of the eggs and chicken meat is produced by household farmers. The high
increase in consumers’ demand for poultry products mainly in urban areas will have major
implications on the prices of the products which obviously is important for those engaged in the
sector. They were primarily raised for human food.
The total poultry population at country level is estimated to be about 50.38 million. most of the
poultry are chicks (38.91 percent), followed by laying hens (32.77 percent). Pullets are estimated
to be about 4.86 million in the country. Cocks and cockerels are also estimated separately, and
are 5.19 million and about 2.69 million, respectively. The others are non-laying hens that make
up about 3 percent (1.53 million) of the total poultry population in the country. With regard to
breed, 96.9 percent, 0 .54 percent and 2.56 percent of the total poultry were reported to be
indigenous, hybrid and exotic, respectively.
Poultry consumption is more common in urban than in rural areas and commonly high during
holiday periods. The national poultry meat and eggs consumption is estimated, on an average to
be 77,000 and 69,000 tons per annum respectively. In the mid 1990s, the per capita egg and
poultry meat consumption in Ethiopia was estimated at 57 eggs and about 2.85 kg, respectively.
1.2. Description of the farm
1.2.1. Mission
Visionaries’ poultry farm is going to be established to provide fresh and high quality eggs to the
individual customers, hotels, restaurants and distributors found in and around Haro Sabu.
1.2.2. Objective
It is expected that the layer farm will meet the following objectives
To produce quality and quantity eggs to earn more profit.
To get good competent position of Egg marketing for individuals, hotels, restaurants and
different consumers.
To give support services such as extension services for the surrounding communities.
1.2.3. Vision
The visionary project envisages production of eggs. Based on the cash flow statement, the
project will have a cash inflow of 476,250 birr in the 1st year of operation and cash out flow of
258.600 birr in the same year. Therefore, the project profit will be 217,650 birr; indicating the
visionary poultry layer farm is profitable and my vision is at the 5th year the total debt to be
returned and being one of the well known competitive layer poultry farm in the country. The
plant is expected to create employment opportunities for about 10 persons at the beginning and it
will extend to 20 persons at 6th year.
1.2.4. Location:
Geographically Haro Sabu town is located at west region of the country. It is one of the towns
located under kellem wallaga zone. Haro Sabu town is located at the distance around 550km far
from Finfinne. It is most of the time comfortable; it could be categorized under WinaDega
climate zone. There is a seasonality of rain fall in Haro Sabu with the maximum precipitation
occurring from June to September. The rain occurs during summer and spring seasons. Summer
is the main rain season which last from June to September. This geographical location is suitable
for our layer poultry farm and it is going to be established in the town.
1.2.5. History of the business
There are no adequate poultry farms (egg suppliers) in and around Haro Sabu town. There is an
increasing demand for egg, which is why we are encouraged to establish layers poultry farm to
fulfill this gap.
1.2.6. SWOT Analysis of the sector
Strength:
Favorable Government policy measures.
Good network of animal health institutions.
Poultry and poultry products constitutes an important component of human diet in
most of the developing countries of the world. The consumption is also increasing at
a rapid rate due to low fat content, easy availability & cost effectiveness.
Two eggs provide 160 calories of energy constituting more than 20% of the daily
requirement of proteins, Vit A, D & B12, Riboflabin, folic acid, Panthothenic acid,
Phosphorus and Iodine along with fat.
Poultry farming require less area with high and quick return than any other animal
husbandry and agriculture activities.
Ample professional knowledge of members on livestock production and health
management.
Commitment of the members to run the business as they are visionary groups.
Similar economical and social status that enables the members to work and communicate
easily.
The potential for future specialization with quality service provision both at national and
international level.
Opportunity:
Increasing demand of egg.
Support and incentives from the government.
Availability of infrastructures.
Availability of cheap labor force.
Availability of local materials used for making different equipments.
Good progress of modern animal production system in the country.
Low production costs.
Domestic Consumption
Chickens are fast growing animals. In the past, it used to take about four months to
produce a two kilogram chicken. However, today a two-kilogram chicken can be
produced in 42 days. Due to this fact, poultry farms can be profitable enterprises.
Weakness:
Price fluctuation.
Highly capital intensive.
Slow adoption of automation in production system.
Lack of capital to invest in assets, equipment and inputs that would improve quality are
the major challenges faced by the market value chain.
Threat:
Disease
Short shelf life
Price fluctuations in the market
Lack of adequate land.
Presence of long fasting days so that demand will decrease during these times.
Prevalence of many tropical diseases.
Livestock market structure
Challenges with exports
Product demand and consumer preferences.
Inadequate finance, lack of technical and managerial skill, lack of efficient and modern
equipment, and lack of proper infrastructural facilities among others.
1.3. Description of the farm products
The main products of our farm are eggs which are important sources of high quality proteins,
minerals and vitamins to balance the human diet, and meat of old aged hens. Another product
like manure for pig farms is also going to be available.
1.4. The farm positioning and pricing strategy
The eggs are going to be distributed either directly to the nearby individual customers or
indirectly to the distributors. The envisaged farm, as a new entrant into the market, has to
penetrate the market and create awareness and product loyalty first. Therefore, the objective of
the pricing policy should be to gain a foothold in the market, get a sizable market share and
attempt to sustain a reasonable profitability, which at the initial stage, could only be
achieved through charging of lower prices that could influence users of the product. Accordingly,
the price of one egg will be 8 birr in non fasting season and 7 birr in fasting season; the price of
culled birds are 180 birr and 150 birr per bird for non fasting and fasting season respectively.
2. MARKET DESCRIPTION
2.1. Customers
The primary customers will be local community, hotels, restaurants and institutions and egg
distributors. There is high demand of egg in Haro Sabu and nearby cities like Chanka and
demand of local community is high during holidays so that there will be more production during
these times. There will be shops for distribution during holidays in the home city and nearby
towns. Poultry by-products such as manure will be sold to local farmers to be used as fertilizer.
2.2. Market size and trends
The product can be sold directly to bulk buyers. For individual buyers existing outlets such as
super markets and specialized food items department stores can be used. Past Supply and
Current Demand: Poultry products such as egg and poultry meat are the central diets of
Ethiopian’s. “Doro Wet” which is prepared from poultry meat and eggs is one of the favorite
dishes of the local population which is prepared especially, during religious festivals and
holidays, virtually in every household in the country. Moreover, eggs as they are easy to prepare
and digest, have good test and nutrient are becoming the favored breakfast items in urban areas
like Finfinne. Accordingly, due to the traditional consumption habit and as the awareness of the
population on the nutritional and other advantages of poultry products increases the market for
the products is also expected to expand. Most of the chickens and egg that are supplied to the
Haro Sabu town estimated to be 26 million, and 1.1 million, respectively.
2.3. Competition
There is no small sized individual household layer poultry farms in the town and no medium
sized farm in the town. In which thus are not such strong competitors in the market by taking the
higher demand of the population into consideration.
2.4. Estimated sales
Table 1: Estimated sales in birr
Sales in birr
2nd year
1st year
Prod
3rd year
1st quarter
2nd quarter
3rd quarter
0
2,000 birds*55 2000 birds*35 2000birds*141
2500birds*141
days*2birr
days*2birr
days*2birr
days*2birr
2000birds*65d
2000birds*85d
2000birds*224
2500birds*224
ays*2.5birr
ays*2.5birr
days*2.5 birr
days*2.5 birr
0
300birds*50bir
500birds*50bir
500birds*50bir
ucts
Eggs Dur
ing
fast
ing
Not
0
fast
ing
Cull
Dur
0
ed
ing
birds
fast
r
r
r
ing
Not
0
0
fast
300birds*60bir
500birds*60bir
500birds*60bir
r
r
r
30quntals*100
birr
90quintals*100 90quintals*100
birr
birr
ing
Man
30quntals*
ure
100birr
30quntals*100
birr
3. DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION
3.1. Development status
The visionary project is on the progress of establishing the layer poultry farm, since we are the
beginner we are going to request working capital and we also on saving our equity.
3.2. Production process
The production cycle for the envisaged poultry farm starts with day old chicken. Chicken
production is typically carried out at so-called complexes. Each complex contains a feed mill, a
hatchery, a processing plant, and chicken farms where the chicks are raised, usually in a 30-40
mi (48.3-64.4 km) radius from the processing plant. But the envisaged farm starts from the day
old chicken from the hatchery and grows for production of eggs. The chicks live in large houses
which hold as many as 2,000 birds. These grow-out houses are kept at about 27.4°C through
heating and ventilation controls. The floor of the house is covered with a dry bedding material
such as wood shavings, rice hulls, or peanut shells. The birds are fed a diet of chicken feed,
which is typically 70% corn, 20% soy, and 10% other ingredients such as vitamins and minerals.
Sick chickens are treated with antibiotics or other medications. The chickens are usually watered
through nipple drinkers, so that they don't spill and wet their bedding.
A significant waste produced in chicken farming is the feces of the birds. So these feces have to
be collected and used for fertilizer or biogas generation for energy source. By doing so the
environmental effect will be controlled. The overall processes of production are indicated as
follows:
3.2.1. Purchase of Day Old Chicks
The chicks should be of uniform size, active, alert and bright eyed. The shank or leg covering
(skin) of healthy chicks should appear bright and shiny. Improved and high yielding chicks
should be purchased from reputed farms.
3.2.2. Brooding
Proper brooding temperature is required to keep the chicks in comfort during rearing period
when they are sensitive to cold and need some artificial heat source to maintain their normal
temperature. Charcoal or sawdust is burnt for supplying heat at the stage of brooding in the
poultry farm.
3.2.3. Feeding
The requirement of feed during laying depends on the rate of egg production and the body
weight of layer birds. The birds may need more feed in winter and less feed in summer. During
summer months the flock is under severe stress then it is suggested to temporarily change the
ration to a higher level of protein content. The actual feed consumption may be influenced by
several factors as follows:
> Body weight of the bird.
> Rate of egg production.
> Season and weather condition.
> Health and physical condition of the bird.
> Feed quality and nutrient contents such as protein contents, caloric value of feed etc.
Generally the feed intake increases with an increase in egg production.
3.2.4. Housing
The poultry house should be well ventilated, reasonably warm in winter and cool in summer. The
poultry house should be cheap, durable, comfortable and safe. Each bird should be provided a
floor space of about 2 sq. ft.
3.2.5. Feeders
It is essential to provide adequate feeder space. Ideally, two pan type feeders are sufficient for 20
birds. Therefore, for 2,000 birds, 100 feeders are enough.
3.2.6. Lighting
Light affects growth and reproduction of poultry birds by different physiological actions. The
duration of the light period should not be decreased during laying period. Adequate lighting
boosts up egg production by 5 to 10 percent. Lighting encourages the birds to eat more feed,
more of which will lead to better growth and more eggs production. Irregular lighting results in
drop in egg production.
3.2.7. Drinkers
Proper drinking space should be provided to birds. It is necessary to provide extra water during
summer and extremely hot weather. Generally, one large drinker is sufficient for 20 birds.
3.2.8. Litter
Litter is spread on the floor to prevent the direct contact of birds with the floor. Straw, rice husk
and sawdust are generally used for making the litter. It should be dry and free of moulds. Moldy
material should be removed and refilled with fresh materials. Extensively wet and dusty litter
should also not be used. Using new litter for each flock is good for raising disease-free layer.
3.2.9. Vaccination
Vaccination can be applied to chicks through injections. The medicine can also be mixed in the
water and also through eye. Vaccination is provided to the birds once in the rearing period and
once in the laying period.
3.2.10. Fumigation & Spraying
It is essential to disinfect all equipment and walls of the layer house. The rooms should be white
washed and sprayed before the arrival of birds. Disinfectant solution can be prepared with
Phenol, Potassium Permanganate, Carbolic Acid and Formalin. A solution of Sodium
Hydroxide/Caustic Soda with warm water can also be used to clean the house. To sanitize the
layer farm from germs and insects, it is fumigated with Formaldehyde Gas, which is produced by
putting Formalin on Potassium Permanganate. The rooms should be sealed for 30 minutes after
the fumigation so that the gas infiltrates in every corner of the room.
3.2.11. Culling
Culling is the process of selection and rejection of unproductive and poor producer birds from
the flock. Culling is a very important system for running layer farm profitably. Poor layer should
be culled to minimize the cost of production. The birds that have laid well for short period but
have stopped laying for one reason or another should be culled out.
3.2.12. Rearing and Laying Schedule
The cycle of one flock of layer farm is divided into two distinct phases, the rearing phase and the
laying phase. During the rearing phase of 4.5 months, the birds consume feed and are nonproductive. After the rearing phase is over, the birds start eggs and remain productive for the next
7.5 months. So, the revenues and costs occur in the form of cycles.
3.3. Cost of development
Table 2: Total Project Cost
Project Costs
In birr
Machinery & equipment
35,000
Total Fixed Costs
35,000
Raw material inventory
28,000
Total Working Capital
157,500
Total Project Cost
258,600
3.4. Labor requirement
The total manpower required is 10 persons. Details of manpower and annual estimated
labor cost including the benefits are given in Table 3. The total annual manpower cost is
estimated at Birr 126,600.
Table 3.Manpower requirement and estimated labor cost
Sr.
Description
No. of
Salary, Birr
Persons
No.
Monthly
Annual
1
Manager
1
10000
120000
2
Secretary
1
3000
6000
3
Production
1
7500
900000
supervisor
4
Laborer
3
3000
36000
5
Accountant
1
60000
72000
6
Cleaner
1
2000
24000
7
Cashier
1
4000
48000
8
Security guard
1
2500
30000
Total
10
126,600
3.5. Expense and capital requirement
3.5.1. Operating expense
Table 4: Operating expense
Cost of Production
In birr
Cost of chicks
100,000
Feed cost
12,000
Salary
126,600
Insurance expenses
9,000
Marketing & Misc. expenses
8,000
Total
258,600
3.5.2. Capital requirements
Table 5: Financial Plan
Initial Financing
Birr in actual
Debt
70%
178,920
Equity
30%
76,680
Total
100%
258,600
Note: The debt will be taken from Commercial Bank of Ethiopia with correlation to
administration of small enterprises and covers 70% of our total budget and other 30% of the
budget is from owner.
3.5.3. Cost of goods
Various types of farm equipment are needed for feeding, drinking and handling the birds. List of
the required farm equipment is given in Table 6-1:
Table 6: Farm Equipment
Farm Equipment
Unit
Unit Cost
Total Cost
Brooders
5
320
1,600
Drinkers (Small)
40
60
2,400
Drinkers (Large)
60
180
10,800
Feeders
100
125
12,500
Shifting Box
5
1700
8,500
Total
210
35,000
4. MANAGEMENT
The manager and other most personnel of the farm are from the group members and the
responsibility of each person is described in the following table:
Table 7: Management description
4.2. Ownership
The layer poultry farm is going to be built as private enterprise by Assefa Adane for the
production and marketing of eggs to earn profit.
4.3. Support services
Commercial bank of Ethiopia with small business administration by providing capital as a loan
and I have also an insurance advisor, who is responsible for his task and is experienced, are some
of supporters for the farm.
4.4. Risks
The layer poultry farm may face the following risk factors:
> Poultry diseases like infectious bursal disease(IBD), Newcastle disease and etc.
> Financial problems
> Competitors
> Shortage of commercially prepared poultry feeds, and other inputs
> Ectoparasites of chicken
> Environmental effects like flood, sun burn
5. FINANCIAL DOCUMENTS
5.1. Cash flow statements
Table 8: Cash inflow
Item Year
s
Egg
s
Year 2
1
Quar Quarter 2
Quart
ter 1
er 3
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June July
1400*3
1800*30
1900
2000
2000*
2000 2000 2000*3
1.800*
0*2birr
*2birr=1
28*2
*30*
30*2.
*30*
*30*
30*2.5)
2.5
5
2
2.5
=84,00
0
08,000
=106,40
0
Aug
0*2
birr
Man 30
ure
*100
7.5*10
7.5*100
7.5*100
7.5*
7.5*1
7.5*
7.5*
7.5*10
90*100
birr
0
100
Cull
00
100
70*60
75*5 75*6 65*60
ed
100
0
0
0
200*70
bird
s
Tota 3,00
l
84,750
108,750
107,150
0
150,
154,9
123,
155,
124,65
154,00
750
50
750
200
0
0
Table 9: Cash out flow
Item
Cost (per year)
Feed
28,000
Chick replacement
6,500
Salary
126,500
Insurance
12,000
Marketing and advertisement
10,000
Debt return
36,204(monthly)
Interest
5% until 5th year(27,153)
Total
214,437
5.2. Balance sheet
Table 10: Balance sheet
Projected balance sheet
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Cash
215,500
215,500
215,500
220,000
227,000
Stocks and Inventory
152,093
187,176
182,874
176,067
216,680
Gross Fixed Assets
32,000
32,000
32,000
32,000
32,000
Accumulated depreciation
3,600
7,200
10,800
14,400
18,000
Total Assets
564,793
606,076
627,869
611,867
601,197
Current Liabilities
113,300
107,635
102,223
97,112
92,256
Total
113,300
107,635
102,223
97,112
92,256
Equity
113,300
Total
113,300
Note: since the visionaries layer poultry farm is going to be established by equity to debt ratio of
30% to 70% and the amount of equity is paid up in the first year.
5.3. Projected Income Statement
The project mainly gains its money from selling of eggs, culled birds and collected manure. By
considering the whole products to be sold in the market, the project will have a cash inflow of
476,250 birr in the 1st year of operation and cash out flow of 258,600 birr in the same year.
Therefore, the project profit will be 217,650 birr; indicating the layer poultry farm is profitable.
5.4. Funding request and return
The debt, that was taken from the bank in 5% interest as a loan will be paid up in 5 consecutive
years of operation. The breakdown of the money return will be as follows:
Table 11 Funding request and return
Amount
Payback years
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
Principal
181,020
144816
108612
72,408
36,204
0
Interest
5%
5%
5%
5%
5%
0
Debt return
36,204
36,204
36,204
36,204
36204
0
Total
45255
43444.8
41634.6
39824.4
38014.2
0
Debt return for each year of payback = total debt (181,020)/number of payback years (5)
SUMMARY
This profile envisages the establishment of a farm for the rearing of poultry with raising capacity
of 2000 heads of poultry per annum. Poultry eggs have become the most important sources of
protein in the human diet by using it directly or after passing through food processing industries.
The major inputs and auxiliary raw materials required are day old chickens, commercial formula
feed, and high quality vaccines which have to be imported. The present unsatisfied demand for
poultry eggs in Gondar is estimated at higher number. Therefore; the layer poultry farm is
established to satisfy this demandin Gondar town kebele 18 at genfokuch. The total investment
requirement is estimated at Birr 258,600 birr, and out of which Birr 181,020 birr (70%) is from
commercial bank of Ethiopia in coordination with administration of small enterprises and 77,580
birr (30%) gained from the owner. The plant will create employment opportunities for 10 persons
and the major income sources are eggs, manure, and culled birds.
References
1.project planning and management assignment handout
2.www.google.com/project writting