1.1 Introduction to Cells Cell Theory Outline the three components of the cell theory 1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 3. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Describe the features of the following cell types that challenge the concepts of the cell theory Striated Muscle Fibres: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Giant Algae: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Aseptate Fungal Hyphae: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... List the functions of life M ……………………………………………………………………………………………… R ……………………………………………………………………………………………… S ……………………………………………………………………………………………… H ……………………………………………………………………………………………… E ……………………………………………………………………………………………… N ……………………………………………………………………………………………… G ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Hint: Mr Sheng Compare the metabolic functions of Paramecium and Chlorella Paramecium Chlorella ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… Cell Size Explain the importance of surface area to volume ratio as a factor limiting cell size ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... List three adaptations of cells that may function to maximise the surface area to volume ratio 1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 3. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Suggest, with a reason, the location of the following cell within the human body Location: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Reason: …...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Magnification Compare the advantages and disadvantages of using light microscopes and electron microscopes Light Microscope Advantages Electron Microscope …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… Disadvantages …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… Identify the difference between a transmission electron micrograph and a scanning electron micrograph ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Calculate the actual size of the following image (width = 11 cm) ×86 Working: ……………………………………………………....... ……………………………………………………....... ……………………………………………………....... ……………………………………………………....... ……………………………………………………....... ……………………………………………………....... ……………………………………………………....... Calculate the linear magnification and actual size of the following image Working: …………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… 50μm …………………………………………………………………… Cell Specialisation Outline, with an example, the organisation of cells in a multicellular organism ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Define emergent properties in relation to multicellular organisms ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Explain how cells differentiate through selective gene expression ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Describe how genes may be packaged within eukaryotic cells ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Stem Cells State the two key qualities of stem cells 1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Differentiate between pluripotent, multipotent and unipotent stem cells (with examples) Totipotent: ………………..……………………………………………………………,,……………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Pluripotent: ………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Multipotent: …….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Unipotent: ……….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Outline the therapeutic use of stem cells ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Harvest ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Differentiate ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Implant Describe the use of stem cells to treat Stargardt’s disease ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... List three other therapeutic examples of stem cells 1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 3. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Compare the implications of stem cell therapy using cells derived from different sources Growth Potential Tumour Risk Harvesting Disadvantages Embryo Cord Blood Adult Tissue Outline how stem cells may be artificially derived SCNT: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Nuclear Reprogramming: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
