GRADE 09 SAT
MODULE 17 LESSON 1
Content
Lesson 1
Metals
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Properties of metal
Metallic bonding
The Alkali Metals
The Alkaline earth Metals
The transition Elements
The inner transition
elements
g) Metals in Earth’s crust
Properties of Metals
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•
•
•
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Conductor of heat and electricity
Malleable
Ductile
Shiny
Lusterous (Shiny)
Metallic bonding
‘Metallic bond’ is a term used to describe the
collective sharing of a sea of valence electrons
between several positively charged metal ions.
The factors that affect the strength of a metallic bond include:
Total number of delocalized electrons.
Magnitude of positive charge held by the metal cation.
The Alkali Metals
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs
Fr
Alkali metals are shiny, malleable, ductile and
good conductor of heat and electricity.
These are soft metals.
These are the reactive metals
They don’t occur naturally in their elemental
forms.
These muse be stored in oil to prevent reaction
with oxygen and water.
The Alkali Metals
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs
Fr
These elements are important for our health.
Most of our diet consists of these elements.
Lithium compound are used to treat bipolar
disorder.
The lithium can regulate the chemical levels of
our mental health.
The Alkali Metals
Li
Na
K
Used in light detector sensors
Rb
Cesium is used in atomic clocks.
Cs
Francium is radioactive and extremely rare.
Fr
The Alkaline Earth Metals
Be
Mg
Ca
Sr
Alkaline earth metals are shiny, malleable,
ductile and good conductor of heat and
electricity.
These elements are reactive and are not found
as free elements in nature
Ba
These metals have 2 valence electron and form
positive ion.
Ra
Used to color fireworks.
The Alkaline Earth Metals
Be
Mg
• Its light and having good strength.
Ca
• Used in cars, Plane, space craft etc
Sr
• Present in chlorophyll (a pigment used in
photosynthesis)
Ba
Ra
The Alkaline Earth Metals
Be
Mg
Ca
Sr
Ba
Ra
• It is seldom used as a free metal.
• Marble statutes are made up of Calcium
carbonates.
• Many vitamins consists of Calcium.
• Calcium phosphate helps make your bone
strong.
The Alkaline Earth Metals
Be
Mg
Ca
Sr
Ba
Ra
• Barium sulfate (BaSO4) is used to diagnose
some digestive disorders.
• Radium is a radioactive metals. It is used to
treat cancers. It is being replaced with more
readily available radioactive elements.
The Transition metals.
The elements from group 3 to 12 are called
transition metals.
The Transition elements
Fe
Co
Ni
• These are called iron triads.
• These are the magnetic elements and used in
steel and other metal mixtures.
• Iron is the second most abundant element in
earth crust.
• Nickel and cobalt are added to steel to give
various properties.
• Nickel is used to give shiny and protective
coating to other metals.
The Transition elements
Cu
Ag
Au
• These are called coinage metals because
once these were used as a coin.
• Used in athletic medals.
• Copper is used in electrical wiring.
• The compound like silver iodide (AgI) is used
in photographic film.
• Silver and gold are used in jewelry
The Transition elements
Zn
Cd
Hg
• Zinc reacts with oxygen to form a thin
protective layer of zinc oxide.
• Cadmium also used in rechargeable batteries.
• Mercury exists in liquid state and is used in
thermometers, batteries etc.
• Mercury is poisonous
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The inner transition Elements
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The atoms and Periodic table
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The inner transition Elements
The inner transition elements are located
between group 3 and 4 in period 6 and 7
The first row is called Lanthanide series.
• Some of the element in this series with carbon
make a compound used in movie lighting.
• Compounds of Eu, Gd, Tb are used as a color
phosphors.
• Phosphors change UV light to visible light.
The second row is called actinide series.
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The inner transition Elements
The inner transition elements are located
between group 3 and 4 in period 6 and 7
The second row is called actinide series.
• All of the series elements are radioactive.
• Thorium and uranium are the only actinides to
found in earth crust.
• Thorium is used in making the glass for camera
lenses.
• Uranium is used in nuclear reactors and in
weapons.
Metal in Earth’s Crust
The surface of the earth consists of many
compounds and few un-combined metals such as
gold.
Metals that are found in earth crusts are
minerals. Minerals often found in ores.
Ores are mixture of minerals, clay, and rocks and
occurs naturally in earth crust.
Metal in Earth’s Crust
Metals are separated from its ore by different
processes.
The ores are heated and are called roasting. The
ore is then refined to pure form.
Late it can be mixed with other metals to form
alloy.
End of ELesson