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Law Summary Part 2

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COMPANY
LAW
general
-
run
no
freedom
thiid
:
forms of companies
no
-
-
Niles
of
Moist
→
Company
be able to
reily
Contract
low
erga
external
inter
effect
omnes
(
Company
relations)
↳ natura
pnonsllegalertiti
→
tuo
or
partes
protection
of third
parties
effect
""
Pt
:
more
except
/ cooperative
↳
?!!!!!partner!! only natura
"
'
"
→
low
partnership
of individual,
Association
-
-
company
( internal relations)
tuto partie
lo 530
the
on
b
b.
:
limitatiai
Content
-
form
involved
parties
allowed
-
limited
→
min 7
.
Llc / Ltd
→
con
be
orgone
.
µ»
contract nad
-
↳ bound
-
↳
↳
joint
relationship
Political
by
Mutual
pur pose
business nust be
contract entered
bind
the
↳
cannot be
↳
termination
,
dipper,
pony
↳ private
communities of interest
(community
of heirs
to
affectio Societatis founders
joint propose
agree
↳ contributi towards
goal
y
within scope of
↳
purpose
of profit/losses
sharing
the
do not
→
:
a
a
beyond
company
Illegal/
has
consent
religious communities
common
purpose
inMoral
to be considered
if purpose is Rachel
/connette
reached
anymore
,
.
.
)
.
Types
partnership
↳
-
Corporate entities
:
Simple partnership
-
of companies
partnership
general
↳ co -502
↳
co
-
commercio
focus
pur
-
partnership limited
by
the
on
liability
"
b.
nudi
limited
:
Company
lassard for
CO 594
↳
cc 60
b.
limited partnership
-
Capital companies
association
cooperative
↳
828
0530
founders contralto
the
partners
-
,
Shores
Company
limited
by Shores
b.
focus heavy
Communities of low
Members
in
↳
↳
joint
'
governing
no
or
co
-
Corporate
Owner
of
Ship
is
the
entities
the
sole
corrier
assets
liability
Ciotole
,
no
personal
(
generalG
bodies
fixed
↳ Company
of the assets
tie with Members
↳ decisions
→
Carriers
personalG
strong
↳ no
are
apitod
-
↳
on
requie
-
→
iegnlded entry
mariage
capital
and
↳ indipendent of
its
Consent of all Members
all Members
stoted
/exit
reprlsent
↳
↳
t
the
competition
of
Members
decisions
seguire
Simple majority
rquiasgovanigbod.es
Capital companies
stated
capital
requie
fixed
Legal personality
↳
for
Necessary
↳
legal
non
-
pur pose
→
→
→
↳
↳
business
annual
↳
higher
operate
ideal
commerciare
a
a
-
stand alone
purpose
suStained
Supposed
are
cc 60
purpose if
Commercial business
commerciare
a
followed
if
→
to
posa
gir
.
Fifa
dividendi
activity
manibus
operate
it doesn't
no
,
register
an
1
doesn't
it
business
commercial
the
per
focused
commercial
business
milted
on
earring
s
indipendent
activity
lelasts
gally for
sama
↳
:
's
have
have
Commercial
Company Operations
economie ad
vantage
can
can
is
the
→
Commercial pur
pose
↳ associations
↳
cntities
legal personality
→
Commercial
↳
corporate
.
acquired upon entry in
as }
→ legal capacity
personality ↳ capacity to act (( 54
lo 52
↳
cc 52 et seq
time
turn over at least 100 000
'
-
.
Commercial business must be entered
Simple partnership
requirements
:
-
-
-
cannot
legally operate
entry
in
have
have
a
a
the
commercial
in
a
commercial business
commercial
Company
special
register
name
boonee
ping
register
→
-
co 934
?
( (0931)
it becomes
general potrei
a
Commercial register
function
41
register procedure slide
tion to
6931 para 1
oblige
regi
s
ter
↳ commercial business
-
-
s
:
-
-
•
canne di
•
.
↳
Hare
stile
is
→
→
→
public faith
-
if
co
-
:
negative effect
.
-
Freedom
to
public
↳ co 936
?
para
931
para
is
.
2
asswmad
- co
to
936 b
co 936 b
,
para
the
aaaa
,
.
pare
1
entry
.
2
Sanctions
to choose
the
company
name
clarity
exclusivity
proibiti
on
↳ sole
legal
co 956
→
of
more
and
en tities
mandatory accounting
possible damages
description
accounting
proprieta strips
-
and
partnership
financial reporting
with
È!!!! II.
→
income
more
.
1
enforcement of low
certoin requirements Mast de eniered
the truth
apresent
→
:
940
cc 3
Fraud preuension
want
you
open
↳ co 930
↳
Miti" effect erogare
co 950
Commercial
↳
enter
→
Name
>
to
function /
publicity
→
right
a
→
function
y
o
→
publicity function
thou 500000
statement
annua ananas
6957 et 8cg
in
revenue
.
Annual report
prepared
→
CO 958
↳
Companies
↳
they
that
Commercial
↳
Mast
↳ the
the
chan
details
per form
to
long
as
be entered
as
in
all
they fall
commercial
of the
power
↳
limits
for
agency
0958J
yeas
need
ordinare
an
audit
6961
typeswith of theloyal factsof
business of
→
procurati
but
anti
joint
on
it
do
remain
it 's
the
of
name
business
-
the
co 459
,
para
.
register
the
is
a
authority
can
the
in
purpose
in
innovable
Selling
☐
↳
ho
co 727
of
sama
membri of the board of directors
except
financial gear
of
3
requirements
more
end
after
agenais
↳ authorization
principal
pare
,
.
mustbe rekaiaed for
discese
Mast
within 6 Months
branch
co 460
renewed
-
of
thisd
co
a
→
-
co
.
general
LLC
a
co 459
para
anytime
effective for
published
→
of
are
number
or
propri dg
specific
-
the
as
,
para
.
460
posa 1
465
para
partner
.
2
.
2
co
parties
461
-
.
1
bona Fide
para
.
1
,
1
↳
an
employee
be
con
Commercial
a
agency
SIMPLE PARTNERSHIP
↳
fall back company type
↳ 6530 paia
2
Llcs
Ldts
,
Commercial
→
Community
of low
:
-
-
↳
MEMBERS
:
•
•
•
ASSETS
:
•
reed
to
go
•
Companies
legal
cooperative
anti
they
partner
.
in the
are
partners
-
cannot
sue
or
be sued
sue
bg actigtogcther
without
legal personality
entities
belang joint by to
hip
canta /
↳
cannot
run
becomes
•
legal personality
of general and limited
gainst single partners
must
the
partners
corporate
provisions
a
a
Communi
ty of
has
co 544
shared
share
Commercial business
Owners
Owners :
applied
are
each
partner
indipendente
→
general partnership
enti ties that
are
→
Community of joint
a
:
1
natural persons
Owners
BUSINESS
.
CO 530
register
to act
capacity
no
,
para
legal personality
without
↳
withat
internal relations
↳
↳
.
→
associations
-
462
co
-
partners
if it des it
ipso
have
iure
G)
(automatico
Simple partnership
INTERNAL RELATIONS
CO 531 et seq
↳
partners
↳
rights
sama
of
lo 543
.
di sore
management
with
EXTERNAL RELATIONS
↳
,
goal
to
pong
↳
et seq
representation
.
to third
parties
protect thisd
parties outing
in
goad faith
representation
INTERNAL
-
partners
per tinent
↳
-
egual
↳
-
-
-
co 531
→
pur pose
profits
Shor
co 535
all
partners
each
para
/
losses
have
can
CO 533
→
any profit
outcome
3
.
-
consensus
individual
have
1
co
non
-
management
→
co
co 535
→
the
of
care
of
loyalty
possible
is
right
-
on
para
→
.
533
para
ordinaria transactions
authority
within
but
information
535
-
para
.
1
co 541
co 538
and to
not
compete
→
scope of business
also
2
co
?
534
act withut inurbamentoFathers
/ exclusion
stile have
duty
by consensus
for
compulsorg
partner con
to
Object
on
duty
.
535 para
right
delegati
↳
-
the
to
of
labor contribution
↳ co
-
contribuite
resolutions taken
↳
-
must
co 536
has the
EXTERNAL RELATIONS
-
outing
the
in
name
↳ transitions
-
assumption
↳ O
543
↳ co 535
liability
business scope
→
co 535
partners
para
.
3
co 543
-
:
-
-
-
:
para
co
-
.
1
on come
of external relations
( poi
544
primary
-
a
joint
-
are
shared
of
a
Honey
458
Commercial
agency -0462
-
co
537
para
.
1
-3)
personal
unconditionel
-
power
↳ co
.
as
:
birds add
the business
of authorization for third parties
3
para
moglment power representation power
li abilities
-
-
beyond
of
→
and several
assets
no
excuses
→
third
choses
partner Then
party
made inteinally
Minbar sementi
are
,
s
-
tort
bind
doesn't
partners
FORMATION
↳
no
obligation
for commercial
register agreement
can
,
also be
iwplicit
DISSOLUTION
-
reasons
:
co 545
LIQUIDATI 0N
↳ carried
↳ after
out
( possible withut
jointby
liquidation
,
:
first
debts
partnership
is
nell )
as
,
pensa
e✗
,
terminata
capital
Contributions
,
profit
SILENT PARTNERSHIP
↳
Simple partnership
↳
onlyone
↳
Silent
main
that doesn't nient to be
partner
GENERAL PARTNERSHIP
↳ 2 natural
nuit be
↳
→
in
partnership
the
Commercial
operate
low
of
exeptions
:
→
-
-
-
-
rules
:
①
④
Mandatory
register
can
limiti
y
their
a
-
co
quire
duty
not
to
assets
,
no
lidbilities
damages
-
persons
→
anti
it
co
legal entity
,
sue
be sued
or
567
,
para
.
-
co 562
3
exist
rules
compete
.
naturel
Simple partnership
a
previsioni ⑦ partnership agreement ③
Simple partnership
et sea
553
rights and
diable for tort
Company
552
!
liability only
It' s
,
INTERNAL RELATIONS
-
relations
register
legal personality
no
co
→
commercial business
a
commercial
the
Community
-
in
it it doesn't
is
without
persons join
↳ Commercial
external
in
Giobbe
not
partner
visible
is
Known
co 561
non
-
mandatory
provi sions
-
general partnership
nust
interSt
pay
Capital
partners
on
→
co 558
para
-2
EXTERNAL RELATIONS
any party
-
↳
-
company
apre
unless stoted
,
partner
G
and several
TERMINATI ON
sama
and
↳
as
as
Solvang
in
are
general
general
is
liable
rally
in
and
partners
↳ Mast
be
,
in
af
assets → co 568
paio
0568
.
1
para 3
.
liquidotion
bankiupcy
but at least
must
enfin
casa
Simple partnership
limited
a
555
their
with
LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
↳ sama
register
liabilities
diable
/ without
with
reasons
except
diable for
be perso
con
co
commercial
in
purpose
primary
partners jointby
↳
sent
to
↳
assets
Company
-
autority
CO 563
Witkin
-
has
partner
bible
be rdural
commercial
per
545
571
co
-
co
-
on e
co
→
594
partner
G
on
"s
register
up
is
a
to
a
}
general partner
specific
co 594
amount
para
.
2
Headed
is
↳
it
↳
Kable
as
has
or
capacity
to
partners
exterternal
to
extent
Save
602
co
act
for tort committed
limited
•
legal entity
a
by partner
6003
a
have
Internal
no
power of representation
power of management
-
co
535
,
co
600
INTERNAL RELATIONS
o
Capital
•
limited partners
the
↳
•
commercial
they
can
without
↳ co
doesn't
contribution
lidble
are
register
→
onlg
s
,
the
601
egual
for
the
→
594
co
amamt enlered into
608
co
be liabbe without
agreement
de
to
have
limit
→
sharing of profits
is
co
605
determina
606
,
by
a
Court
EXTERNAL RELATIONS
↳
represented
↳
limited
to
by general
portner
bona
fide
is
partners
fiddle
for
as
third
-
a
co
603
generalco partner
parties
→
605
in
correspondance
CORPORATE
COMPANY LIMITED
lo 620
•
Ltd
-
is
.
Company
a
ENTIMES
(Ltd )
BY SHARES
with
:
-
-
own
nome
determinied
↳ no
•
focus on
protection
-
•
capital
provi Sims
↳
↳
of the
of
on
100k
.
Contributions
rights
-
equity
are
determina
calculator of
50k
20%
in
kird
divided
in
'
.
andy
personal liability
by signor
of
share aohders
contributions
:
correct
or
capital
specific
( Shores ) ( min 100 000 Chf )
liabilities
poyable from company 's assets
pre
-
amants
-
6620 d- seq
.
must
be
equity
paid
634 / co
628
in
→
→
lo
632
must be
audited
by
a
third party
.
↳
-
↳
scrip tion rights
sub
Capital
→
auditor,
↳
→
Secure
shorhdders
com't
↳ CO 678
no
more
Capital
↳
and
728
/ 729
equity
→
co
our Shores
Capital
share
680, para 2
→
.
and reserves
→
purchase
co 732 -735
725
far
-
Coco 75
parer
:
→
•
•
co
public
para 1
.
notice
creditori
within
board
659
nay
be cimbursed
2 nxouths
»
pro
liability
of
co
/e
from disposable profits
thou 10%
ng by
general meetiindebitare
liability
↳
→
727 b
return of dispropatinate benefits
the
↳ risvi
•
loss
co
→
Maloin contributions
org
paid
Mattutine of
•
existence
of shorehdders)
( protection of creditori)
e
\ independence
↳ dividendi
→
qualificati ons
to
provi Sims
•
co 652
report
increase
( protection
co 652 b
visione
of board of directors for breach of dnties fa shareholders
creditori
→
co
754
/ 755
FORMATION
CO 625
co 626
Ltd
.
at least
→
only
comes
perso
a
articles of association
requirements
-
natural
are
to life
when
:
-
-
-
-
-
Shore
Capital
La reductio
n
L Increase
fixed
is
in
articles of
governing
bodie
entry
the commercial
in
valid
are
deed
629
appoinled
are
share sub
radha
by public
articles of association
register
scriptum
→
-
co
co
643
630
associations
ordinar increase
/
0k0g
↳
°
with
ORGANIZATION
:
principal
directors
:
agent
it
,
increase
Nether
increase
to
(co 650)
:
( co 651)
or
:
share hdders mastra
decida
-
the
the
amount
board decide
not
Increase ( (0653)
Conti
n
gent
nominal value of capital
con
all
→
general meeting
authorized
peopla
board of
declare d
CO 732
co ggo
shaiehdders
formation is
sub Scribe
to
:
-
general meeting decide
cartain
oncy
Shores
increase
new
,
,
tier model
Ohe
[
III.
+
"
Shore hdders
twotier
meeting
prends
Board of directors
( management and monitoring
}
"di"
function )
↳
CEO
is
""
shoilholdeis
Keats
II
meeting
board
supervisore
(Monitoring function
)
g
{ management
optional
8"
too
Chairman
{
ÌFÌ?Ò
presaibed
model
lwonagement
,
board
]
,
ma
report
to
function)
he
body
Principle
parity
of
has irrevocabile
:
and
each
non
-
governing
transitabile
function
GENERAL
↳
•
MEETING
shareholders that
co 698 dseq
togaetler
decide
.
in
meetings
Supreme governing body
CONVOCATI ON
↳
↳
699,700,701
CO
eoay yaoi
possibility
↳ convocati
on
↳ assemblea
for
no
by
↳ shoveholders
↳
agenda
place
extraordinary meetings
lato thou 20
the board
reparenting
nust be set
an
item
in
or
befane
external auditor
least to % of whale
at
adware
dags
,
stakeholders with
share
1- Mart
in
capital
share
an
conviene
capital
car
DECISION
↳
no
MAKINO
attendano requirements
↳ resolutions
pass
↳
↳
↳
resolutions
Important
Voting rights
sane shows
in
•
•
OF
Levay gear
↳
Chairman
↳
-
•
•
•
•
of shaehddeis
→
0703
co 704
total nomino value of owned
to
Vote
on
accounts
capital
Shores
it has
up
co 698
paia
.
2
auditor
diuideuds
co 707 et
meetings
by majority
management
of
→
of cast
inalienabile
co
,
dissolution
seq
.
715
vales
Anti es
-
-
Company
's
determination of
company
Organization
→
co
co
79
713
716
accounting
,
a
financial control
of Managers + Supervision of Managers
notification in casa of over indebtness
at annual report
and
dis Missed
0692
1:10) → co 693
Max
to be related
must set
,
,
→
association
increase / reduction
DIRECTORS
appointment
compilation
majority
→
privileged voting rights (
approva
transferable
Overall
on
of
→
elect and discharge Members of the board of directors and
↳ resolutions made
non
a
determina articles of
•
•
BOARD
proporti
powers
↳
majority of presented voting rights
requie 213
have
can
inali able
•
the absolute
by
•
delegati↳
•
possible
on
if
accordano with articles of association
in
accorded with
share
↳ to
holden
-
co
third
↳ to individual
MANAGEMENT PART
representation
↳
every
duties
↳
of
loyalty
Carl
:
thisat
to
company
parties
the best intent of
do the best to
Identity
→
a
serve
duTies
reviewed
rula
:
TI ES
founders
'
753
liability
liability
the
et sera
0753
755
a
good faith
'
co
intere st
interest
-
standard
of
car
objedivdy
directors of
in
co
's
themselves
role
auditors
71s
persone
that
•
co
company
company
conflict of
avoid
reasonable
diligence
judjment
and
of
execution
of
•
-
authoring
act in
↳
:
LI ABILI
board
CO 717
→
Business
parties
Members
number has
↳
↳
716 b
in
.
corporation
and
decision
CH
?
is
in the
in
act
informati
honest
belief
favor of company
,
Directors and
•
for
Breach
Officers
of
dnties
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auditor
para
possibility
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decidere
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decided
by
liquidati
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GROUP
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reasonable
co
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co
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LIQUIDAnon
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→
lo 958
:
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dissolution
↳
bankrupcy
protection of
as
10%
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commercial
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OF COMPANIES
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co 717
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LIMITED LIABILITY
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823
FORMATION
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entry
in
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co 776
register
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CO 773
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AUDITORS
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lo 866
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the
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