Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Schools Division Office of Bulacan
IBA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
_________________________
BEAUTY CARE (NAIL CARE) SERVICES
PERFORM HAND AND FOOT
SPA
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
LAS #1.1
Lesson 1: Check and Analyze the Condition of
the Client’s Hand
NAME: _____________________________________________________________
GRADE AND SECTION: _______________________________________________
DATE OF SUBMISSION: _____________________________________________
1
LESSON : Check and analyze the condition of the client’s hand.
I.
OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standards:
The learner demonstrates understanding of concepts and principles of hand treatment
B. Performance Standards:
The learner independently performs hand treatment
C. Specific Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, learner should be able

II.
Check and analyze condition of clients hand
CONTENT


III.
Nail structure and conditions
Nail diseases and disorders
PROCEDURES
As you go through this lesson, you will be able to understand the concepts in performing Hand Spa
as an added service to a manicure. Readings and enhancement activities are provided to serve as a
guide for you. Read on to find out! After going through this lesson, you are expected to:



Analyze the condition of the client’s hand
Identify the nail structure beneath and surrounding.
Identify the different nail diseases and disorders.
Activity 1: Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter in a separate sheet of paper.
1.
2.
3.
Slits or tracks in the skin at the side where the nail moves as it grows.
A. Nail Bed
C. Nail Root
B. Nail Grooves
D. Nail Walls
The study of nail.
A. Onycholody
C. Onycholopsy
B. Onychology
D. Onycholoty
The part where the development of nail occur.
2
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
A. Nail Bed
C. Nail Plate
B. Nail Grooves
D. Nail Root
is a horny, translucent plate that protects the tips of the fingers and toes
A. Attachment
C. Nail
B. Fastener
D. Spike
The overlapping skin around the nail
A. Cuticle
C. Hyponychium
B. Eponychium
D. Lunula
Any disease, disorder, or condition of the nails
A. Nail Abnormality
C. Nail Disease
B. Nail Deformity
D. Nail Disorder
A protein substance that forms the base of horny tissue
A. Actin
C. Elastin
B. Collagen
D. Keratin
The half-moon shape found at the base of the nail where the matrix connects with the nail bed.
A. Cuticle
C. Mantle
B. Lunula
D. Matrix
The actual and visible portion of the nail
A. Nail Bed
C. Nail Plate
B. Nail Grooves
D. Nail Root
A deep fold of skin where the nail root is embedded
A. Cuticle
C. Mantle
B. Lunula
D. Matrix
Nail problems from fungal and bacterial infections to other causes of nail abnormalities
A. Nail Abnormality
C. Nail Disease
B. Nail Deformity
D. Nail Disorder
Technical term of nail.
A. Brunet
C. Ebony
B. Coal
D. Onyx
The area on which the nail body or the nail plate lies
A. Nail Bed
C. Nail Plate
B. Nail Grooves
D. Nail Root
The part of the nail bed that includes nerves and blood vessels
A. Cuticle
C. Mantle
B. Lunula
D. Matrix
The portion of the skin under the free edge of the nail.
A. Eponychium
C. Lunula
B. Hyponychium
D. Matrix
Activity 2: ‘Feel It”
Directions: To start with the lesson, let us connect the previous lesson that we had to the new one.
Follow the instruction and answer the questions below.
1. Look at your hands. Observe your fingernails. Tell something about your fingernail/hand
____________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2. How long have you been together with your hands /fingernails? Do you know them well? Are
you familiar with the structure of your fingernails?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Have you tried going to a spa? Have you tried a hand spa? If yes, how does it feel having it, if
not, would you try it?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Activity 3: Jumbled Letters
Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to get the correct answer for each statement. Write your
answer on the space provided.
___________ 1.
___________ 2.
___________ 3.
___________ 4.
___________ 5.
INLA ECRA
Upkeep for the fingernails and toe nails
ATEBYU RACE
Treatment to improve one’s appearance
CRUPDEIE
A cosmetic treatment of the feet and toenails.
UIRNECAM
A cosmetic treatment of the hands involving shaping and often painting of the
nails, removal of the cuticles, and softening of the skin.
INTANOSIT
The promotion of hygiene and prevention of disease by maintenance of sanitary
conditions (as by removal of sewage and trash) —often used attributively
Activity 4; Reading Time
Directions: Read the different information about the structure of the nail and the different nail
disorders and diseases.
NAIL STRUCTURE
It is important for a manicurist to have knowledge of the various parts of the nails, for this will be
the basis for giving your clients nail care services. The nail is an appendage of the skin. Nail is a horny,
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translucent plate that protects the tips of the fingers and toes. It is composed mainly of keratin, a
protein substance that forms the base of all horny tissue. The nail is whitish and translucent in
appearance and allows the pinkish color of the nail bed to be seen. The horny plate contains no nerves
or blood vessels.
Onyx is the technical term for the nail. The condition of the nail reflects the general health of
the body.
Onychology is the study of the nail. The nails vary in thickness, being heaviest on the thumbs
and big toes.
The pinkish color of the nails is accompanied by whitish and translucent appearance mainly
due to the horny plates that have nerves or blood vessel, Thus, nail’s condition is comparable to that of
the skin which reflects the overall overview of one’s health and most importantly it varies on thickness
where thumbs and big toes being the heaviest.
Good nail characteristics are sturdy and flexible, slightly rosy in color, curved, unspotted and
smooth without any hallows or wavy ridges
Diagram of the nail and its structure
https://images.app.goo.gl/jELPrKCBiwYcKbb6A
The nail is made up of three parts: nail body, nail root and free edge



Nail Body or Nail Plate - this is the actual and visible portion of the nail that is attached to the
nail bed.
Free edge - this is the extension of the nail plate. The end portion of the nail plate which
extends beyond the fingertip.
Nail root - this is where nail development occurs. The beginning of nail found at the base and
is embedded underneath the skin.
Structures beneath the Nail
The structures beneath the nail include the nail bed, matrix and lunula.
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


Nail Bed – the surface on which the nail body or the nail plate lies. It is supplied with many
blood vessels and nerves. The blood vessels supply nourishment for the nail.
Matrix – part of the nail bed that includes nerves and blood vessels and is situated under the
nail root. It produces cells that render and harden the nail and will continue to grow as long as it
receives nutrients.
Lunula – half-moon shape found at the base of the nail where the matrix connects with the nail
bed.
Structures Surrounding the Nail
The structures surrounding the nails include cuticle, eponychium, hyponychium, perionychium, nail
walls and nail grooves






Cuticle - is the overlapping skin around the nail. A normal cuticle should be loose and foldable.
Eponychium - is the cuticle extension at the base of the nail body which partly overlaps the
lunula
Hyponychium – the portion of the skin under the free edge of the nail.
Nail Walls – are folds of the skin overlapping the sides of the nail
Nail Grooves - are slits or tracks in the skin at the side of the nail upon which the nail moves as
it grows.
Mantle – deep fold of the skin in which the nail root is embedded.
Nail Growth
Nutrition, general health and disease are the factors that can influence the growth of nails. A
nail grows forward, starting at the matrix and extending over the tip of the finger. The nails grow faster
in warm weather just like the hair. Adult’s nail growth is about 1/8 inch per month whereas the nails of
the children grow faster than those of the elderly. Toenails grow slowly but they are thicker and harder
than fingernails.
NAIL DISEASES AND DISORDERS
Did you know that some abnormalities in your fingernails correspond to the overall health of your
body? Did you know that problems in the liver, lungs, and heart are observable in your nails? Are you
fond of biting your nails? Read and learn the secrets behind your nails!



Onychosis refers to any disease, disorder, or condition of the nails. Having knowledge about
infections caused by bacteria will prevent the spread of infectious diseases, preserve the health
of the cosmetologist and the patron, and appreciate the value of proper sanitation.
Pus is the yellowish fluid that oozes from the wound. It is a sign of infection. White blood cells
attack the bacteria and consume them. The pus contains blood cells, body cells, and dead and
living bacteria. Bacteria may invade the body through cuts, scratches, or punctures in the skin
or through any of the body openings.
Fungi are plant organisms that live on dead, decaying, or living matter. Some fungi are capable
of causing serious infections but some are harmful and beneficial.
Diseases are classified into contagious or non-contagious. Contagious or communicable diseases
are those diseases that are attributed to the ability to spread by either direct or indirect contact from
one person to another. The examples of contagious diseases are tuberculosis, cold, ringworm,
scabies, and all spreading diseases. Salon tools play a vital role in the spread of diseases. Unlike the
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contagious, non-contagious are diseases that are not spreaders, it lacks the ability to transmit from
person to person; for example, cancers, mental illness, heart diseases, and many more.
Since salon tools and equipment are key players in the spread of the diseases, Sterilization is a
must to prevent the widespread of bacteria. This refers to a process of destroying microorganisms
which are sources of diseases. Salon owners need to sterilized equipment and tools. In order to protect
the welfare of the clients, sanitizing or sanitation which refers to both physical and chemical measures
in cleaning tools and equipment is adhered to by salon owners.
A. Nail Disorders
Nail Disorders – are conditions caused by injury to the nails, diseases, or imbalances in the body.
Name of Nail
Disorders
Bluish Nails
Bruised nail
Corrugations
Hangnails
Koilonychia or
Spoon Nails
Leuconychia
Definition/Description
This happens when
the body is not getting
enough oxygen and the
nails also appears bluish. It
also implicates infection
in the lungs, such as
pneumonia. Some heart
problems can also be
associated with bluish nails
The result of trauma to
the nail plate. This
causes injury to nail,
blood becomes trapped
under the nail
Treatment/Care/
Prevention
It is recommended
to see a physician
but can also be
given manicure with
care and light pressure.
This can be treated
by not applying
pressure on nail
Also known as beau’s line
or furrows; a visible
depressions running across
the width of the natural nail
plate or wavy ridges caused
by uneven growth of the
nails, usually the result of
major illness or injury that
traumatized the body.
A condition in which the
surrounding tissue around
the nails splits or tears
t is recommended
to buff the nails
carefully to help
remove or minimize
the ridges.
Nails with a concave shape
usually caused
through iron deficiency
anemia. These nails show
raised ridges and are thin
and concave.
Also known as ―white
It is recommended to
file nails carefully with
no pressure and use
nail polish to harden
and protect the
nail.
Incorporating zinc in
This may be
trimmed with
cuticle nippers,
moisturize and apply
cuticle oil.
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Pictures
spots‖; whitish discoloration
of the nails, usually a result
of the injury in matrix area,
not related to the body.
daily diet will help
diminish the white
spots in the fingernails
Onychophagy
or
Bitten Nails
A result of habitual chewing
of the nails or chewing the
hardened skin around the
nails due to nervousness
and stress.
It is recommended
that the client
receives frequent
manicure.
Onychorrhexis
or Split / brittle
Nails
Split or brittle nail that has
lengthwise ridges giving the
rough appearance on the
surface of nail plate.
A result of exposure to
harsh chemical, finger injury
or improper filing
It is recommended
to soften nails
before trimming
and use daily
moisturizers or have oil
manicures.
Pterygium
The inward advance of skin
over the nail plate.
This results in the loss
of the nail plate due to the
development of scar tissue.
An abnormal condition that
occurs when the skin is
stretched by the nail plate,
usually caused by a serious
injury, like burns or an
adverse reaction to
chemical nail enhancement
product.
Never attempt to
remove pterygium,
instead, consult a
physician for
advice and treatment. It
is also
suggested to have
oil manicures.
Nail Diseases – are problems of nails from fungal and bacterial infections to other causes of nail
abnormalities
Name of Nail
Disease
Onychia
Definition/Description
Inflammation of nail matrix
followed by shredding of
the natural nail.
Onychocryptosis Also known as ingrown
nails; nails that grows into
the side of the tissue
around the nails.
Treatment/Care/
Prevention
Keep the
nails clean at all times
and use properly
sanitized tools and
implements.
It is highly
recommended
to cut the nails
properly and wear
comfortable shoes
that fit perfectly
(shoes with a wide
toe area and ones
8
Pictures
Onychogryposis
Also known as ram horn or
claws nail; an enlargement
of fingernails or toenails
accompanied by increase
thickening of curvatures.
Onycholysis
A loosening of the
nail caused by internal
disorder, infection, or drug
treatment.
Onychomycosis
Also known as
tinea unguium or
ringworm of the
nails is an infectious
disease caused by a
fungus which commonly
appears in whitish patches
that can be scraped off
from the surface.
A shedding of one or more
nails, either in whole or in
part. It can occur during or
after certain diseases of
the body, such as syphilis,
as a result of fever and
system upsets, as a
reaction to prescription
drugs, or as a result of
trauma.
Also known as Nail fold
infection:
Bacterial inflammation of
the tissue surrounding the
nails. Redness, pus and
swelling are usually seen
at the skin fold adjacent to
the nail plate.
Onychoptosis
Paronychia
that don't press
your toes)
Apply a moisturizing
cream on the nails
every time you wash
your hands or feet. .
Nails should always be
trimmed and
avoid tight-fitting
footwear.
Keep the nails short.
Avoid nail polish and
apply an emollient
cream after washing or
bathing and try to
avoid irritants such as
nail polish remover,
enamel or solvents and
cleaning agents.
Keep the nails dry
and clean, use an
antifungal foot spray
or powder and avoid
cutting the skin
around the toenails
since this may be an
entry point for infection.
Always wear
properly fitted
footwear that offer
your toes lots of
space and dry nails
thoroughly
Treatment with
appropriate
antibacterial agents is
usually effective - oral
antibiotics are
commonly prescribed.
Soak the fingernail(s) in
hot water several times
a day to soften the skin
and relieve the pain
and swelling in
bacterial paronychia. If
pus is formed, an
incision may be
necessary to let it out.
In a few cases where
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the pus is infiltrating
under the fingernail,
part of the nail may
have to be removed to
allow drainage.
Activity 5: identification
Direction: Read the statement carefully and write your answer in the space provided before the
number.
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
1.
2.
3.
4.
_____________
5.
These are folds of the skin overlapping the sides of the nail.
Any deformity or disease of the natural nail
The process of disinfecting to prevent the progression of microorganism.
These are conditions caused by injury to the nails, diseases, or
imbalances in the boy
These are problems of nails from fungal and bacterial infections to other
causes of nail abnormalities
Activity 6: Essay
Direction: Explain and expound the following topics with your OWN WORDS, using not less than
100 words.
1. What is the importance of identifying different nail diseases and disorders? What is the
best remedy to prevent these disorders and diseases?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. How can we keep our nails strong and healthy?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
10
Activity 7: Matching Type
Direction: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer in the space
provided before the number.
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Column A
Loosening of the nail
Result of habitual chewing
Known as beau’s line
The yellowish fluid that oozes from the wound
Known as white spots in the nail.
Ingrown nails
Happens when there’s a shortage of oxygen in the body
Nail fold infection.
Surrounding tissue around the nails splits or tears.
Shredding of nails.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
Column B
Bluish Nails
Corrugations
Hang nails
Leuconycha
Onychogryposis
Onycholysis
Onychophagy
Onychoptosis
Onychocryptosis
Paronychia
Pus
Activity 8: Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter in a separate sheet of paper
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A deep fold of skin where the nail root is embedded
A. Cuticle
C. Mantle
B. Lunula
D. Matrix
A protein substance that forms the base of horny tissue
A. Actin
C. Elastin
B. Collagen
D. Keratin
Technical term of nail.
A. Brunet
C. Ebony
B. Coal
D. Onyx
Any disease, disorder, or condition of the
nails
A. Nail Abnormality
C. Nail Disease
B. Nail Deformity
D. Nail Disorder
The part of the nail bed that includes nerves and blood vessels
A. Cuticle
C. Mantle
B. Lunula
D. Matrix
The part where the development of nail occur.
A. Nail Bed
C. Nail Plate
B. Nail Grooves
D. Nail Root
The portion of the skin under the free edge of the nail.
A. Eponychium
C. Lunula
11
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
B. Hyponychium
D. Matrix
Nail problems from fungal and bacterial infections to other causes of nail abnormalities
A. Nail Abnormality
C. Nail Disease
B. Nail Deformity
D. Nail Disorder
The overlapping skin around the nail
A. Cuticle
C. Hyponychium
B. Eponychium
D. Lunula
The area on which the nail body or the nail plate lies
A. Nail Bed
C. Nail Plate
B. Nail Grooves
D. Nail Root
Slits or tracks in the skin at the side where the nail moves as it grows.
A. Nail Bed
C. Nail Root
B. Nail Grooves
D. Nail Walls
The half-moon shape found at the base of the nail where the matrix connects with the nail bed.
A. Cuticle
C. Mantle
B. Lunula
D. Matrix
The actual and visible portion of the nail
A. Nail Bed
C. Nail Plate
B. Nail Grooves
D. Nail Root
The study of nail.
A. Onycholody
C. Onycholopsy
B. Onychology
D. Onycholoty
is a horny, translucent plate that protects the tips of the fingers and toes
A. Attachment
C. Nail
B. Fastener
D. Spike
Activity 9: Interview
Directions: Direction: Interview at least 10 persons on how they made their nails healthy and strong
and ask them how to maintain these. Use the table below as your guide.
NAME
How do you keep your nails healthy and strong?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
12
7.
8.
9.
10.
13
Activity 1: Pre – test
1. D
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. A
6. D
7. D
8. B
9. C
10. C
11. C
12. D
13. A
14. D
15. B
Activity 3: Jumbled Letters
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
NAIL CARE
BEAUTY CARE
PEDICURE
MANICURE
SANITATION
Activity 7: Matching
Type
1. F
2. G
3. B
4. K
5. D
6. I
7. A
8. J
9. C
10. H
Activity 8: Post Test
1. C
2. D
3. D
4. D
5. D
6. D
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. A
11. D
12. B
13. C
14. B
15. C
Activity 5: Identification
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Nail Walls
Onychosis
Sterilization
Nail Disorder
Nail Disease
Assessment Rubric for Written Discussion
CONTENT
KNOWLEDGE
ORGANIZATION
OF IDEAS
GRAMMAR &
SPELLING
EXCELLENT
5
Shows full
understanding of the
topic
Present ideas in
organized manner.
GOOD
3
Shows good
understanding of the
topic
Present some of the
ideas in an organized
manner
Most sentences are
well-constructed,
with standard
spelling and
grammar (not the
kinds of
abbreviations
used while texting)
Sentences are
well-constructed,
with standard
spelling and
grammar (not the
kinds of
abbreviations
used while texting)
15
POOR
1
Does not show any
understanding of the
topic
Does not present
ideas in an organized
manner.
Sentences
have
significant
grammar or
spelling errors
and/or nonstandard
English.
Reference:
DEPED. n.d. "Learning Module in Beauty Care (Nail Care)." K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum
Technology and Livelihood Education
Definition of Nail Care. Accessed March, 2021.
https://www.medicinenet.com/nail_care/definition.htm
Definition of Beauty Care. Accessed, March 2021. https://www.dictionarist.com/beauty+care
Definition of Pedicure. Accessed March, 2021.
https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk01V29Q1QRGHxy6l5_iGTy2Z1B7cg%3A1614681777
035&ei=sRYYNLiAaa9mAWW7LbgCw&q=meaning+of+pedicure&oq=meaning+of+pedicure&gs_lcp
Definition of Manicure. Accessed March 2021.
https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk00TMgQwbl2xQhuBL8730PXjuezloA%3A1614681931
578&ei=Sxc-YJbiIpKs0QTY3aaAAw&q=Manicure+meaning&oq=Manicure
Nails: Structure & Function. Accessed March 2021.
https://paawanee.wordpress.com/2015/07/08/nails-structure-function/
Nail Diagram image. Accessed March, 2021. https://images.app.goo.gl/jELPrKCBiwYcKbb6A
Marquez, K J Nail Disease and Disorder. 2018 tps://www.slideshare.net/teenjoy/nail-diseases-anddisorders
Chapter 10 Nail Disorder and Disease . Acessed March, 2021.
https://quizlet.com/118080850/chapter-10-nail-disorder-and-disease-flash-cards/
Bluish Nail Image. Aceessed March, 2021. https://community.babycenter.com/post/a68659531/bluenail-beds
Bruised Nail Image. Accessed March, 2021. https://www.dreamstime.com/photos-images/bruisedfinger-nail.html
Image of Koilonychia . Accessed March, 2021. https://www.academyclinics.com/blog/142117-causeof-spoonshaped-nails
Image of Onychoptosis. Accessed March, 2021. https://nailstip.blogspot.com/2019/07/what-isonychoptosis-of-nail.html
What are Nail Fold Infections (Paronychia)? Accessed March, 2021. https://www.newsmedical.net/health/What-are-Nail-Fold-Infections-(Paronychia).aspx
Prepared by:
JOSEFINA V LOVIDICE
Teacher II
Iba National High School
16
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