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Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions Finals
Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions (University of Saint Louis)
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CPAR " '
TWO-DIMENSIONAL MEDIA
"Art" refers to highly developed skill
or the mastery of a medium.
What is Two-Dimensional media?
- An artwork is described as twodimensional if it has length and
width.
Two-Dimensional Media
2D artworks are also called flat
arts.
- Although some works give 3d
effect, this effect in flat
surface is only an illusion of
depth by the artist. Medium is
the material or tool used by an
artist to create an art while
technique is the method and
procedure used with an art
medium.
- 2D artworks are usually composed
of two parts:
1. Support or the Surface. Examples
are paper, canvas, and wood.
-
2. Drawing Medium (includes pencil,
chalk, and charcoal) or painting
(oil, acrylic, and water color)
- Take note that the use of
surfaces or support varies
depending on the drawing medium
or the paint that is used. It is
important to keep in mind that
the physical characteristic of
the surface (ground) should be
able to support the medium it
holds.
DIFFERENT SURFACES
1. Paper
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Most popular surface
It is an organic medium made
from cellulose pulp derived mainly
from wood, certain grasses and
linen rags.
It is processed into flexible
sheets or rolls.
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Paper is always available in various
sizes, thickness, textures and
colors
- Types of paper may fall under
hot-pressed (HP) – smooth,
cold-pressed with moderate
texture, and rough (R) which has
the most pronounced tooth.
- Finest papers are made from linen
rags.
NOTE: For choosing the best paper
support, an artist should consider the
type of paper that is going to be
used; the weight or thickness of the
paper and the quality of the fibers
used in making the paper.
Different Kinds of Paper Support
a. Laid Paper
-
b. Textured Pastel, Charcoal and
Craft Paper
It has fine irregular texture
pressed into the surface during
the process of its manufacture.
- This paper is good for pastel and
charcoal and can be used for
layering but not for heavy
layering.
c. Wove Paper
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A paper processed with a pattern
of parallel lines created by the
wires of the mold used for
production.
It is suitable for sketching with
pastel, charcoal or soft pencil.
-
This paper is made on a woven
wire cloth like a fine sieve.
The surface is fine and smooth
and good for ink drawing and
realist pencil drawing.
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d. Rough Grained Paper
-
It has a bumpy surface
The tiny pits in the paper allows
paint to pool in heavy wash, it
leaves tiny dots of white that
contributes to the characteristic
effect of the whole work.
- Favorite of water color artists
e. Medium Paper
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This type of paper has been hot
rolled or pressed during production
to create a very smooth, flat
surface.
- Good for drawing and realist
pencil drawing but not watercolor
or pastel painting.
2. Canvas
-
This paper has fine grain which
can look subtle when shading with
a sharpened pencil.
- This is good for sketching.
f. Smooth-Hot Press
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Made of a closely woven, heavy
cloth of cotton, hemp or linen
onto which painting is done usually
in oils
Gesso is a generic term that is
used for the initial coat applied
to a support before it is painted
on.
Most ready-made canvasses are
already primed with acrylic gesso.
The purpose of priming the
support is to protect it from the
paint, the gesso allows the paint
to stick to the support for it
affects the absorbency of the
support.
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3. Wood
This support is known as hardboard
which is a panel made from wood
- The advantage of wood is it
offers a more rigid surface that
results in less cracking in the
paint
- Softwoods are not suitable for
painting because they contain
excess resin (semi-solid-liquid
substance) that cause the paint
to crack.
a. Masonite
- This wood is a trademarked brand
name of a particular type of
board made from wood fibers and
glue that is molded into a flat
board.
b. Plywood
- This is made from wood veneers
which are thin layers or slices of
wood glued together
-
Plywood is industrially produced
and can be made from local
hardwoods or softwoods.
c. Laminated Board
- This has mica (a mineral from
igneous or metamorphic rocks)
film on its surface to give its
resistance and strength.
4. Wall
-
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This support is traditionally made
of stone
Recently, however, the walls for
painting murals are made of
concrete.
Note: Before starting the mural
project, the wall should be
carefully inspected for cracks,
molds, dirt, wax, oil or grease. If
any of these are found, clean the
wall thoroughly with mild soap
solution (Trisodium phosphate). It
should be painted with acrylic
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primer to make sure that the
paint will stick to the wall.
 Note: for 2D art, the support or
surface is just one important
part of the whole art experience.
Another factor to be knowledgeable
about is the drawing medium and the
type of brush to be used for applying
the paint to the support.
DRAWING MEDIUM
1. Charcoal
Organic drawing material from
burnt wood
- It has 2 forms: vine charcoal and
compressed charcoal
- Charcoal was said to be one of
the easiest media to learn
- Mistakes made in charcoal can be
fixed and reworked.
a. Vine Charcoal
- Comes in thin sticks and is easy
to blend and erase
b. Compressed Charcoal
- Made up of lose charcoal pressed
into a stick
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It creates a much darker black
than vie and can be used on its
own or blended with vine.
2. Graphite
- Pencils
- This medium is easy to use and
not as messy as charcoal
- 2B, 4B, 6B and ebony pencils result
in a range of different tones
- The higher the B number, the
softer the lead and the softer
the lead, the darker the line or
tone
- The ebony pencil is the softest
and makes the darkest black that
graphite can produce.
3. Brush
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The function of brush is to
transfer paint mixtures to the
surface
- A common brush is made up of a
tuft of hair (usually animal hair)
fastened to a handle with a
ferrule
- No other instrument was invented
that would accomplish this task
better than a paint brush
- The function of the brush is the
same for all art activity. Each
one however would only differ in
the material used, the style of
the brush and its size
- Brushes can be classified by the
hair type and shape.
CLASSIFICATION OF BRUSHES BY HAIR
TYPE
a. Bristle Brush
- This is used for thickly prepared
paints and are capable of
spreading paints in impasto
consistencies
b. Sable Brush
- Known for its resiliency and cause
less damage than a bristle brush
- Note: Impasto is a technique of
painting thickly
-
the stiffness of bristle brush
can damage watercolor because
the scrubbing action tend to
loosen the pigment
- Sable brush can also hold a good
amount of pigment and water;
these brushes are for more for
watercolor projects.
DRAWING
Drawing is the process of moving an
instrument over a smooth surface to
leave a mark called a line. Drawing is
usually the first step in producing 2D
artworks. For some, the drawing made
by the artist is already considered
finished artwork. Drawings can be
created using dry media like graphite,
pencils, charcoal, crayons, pastels and
chalk; or wet media like pen and ink
and brushes with water color. All
drawing media have their own
characteristics: rough lines for
example are produced by crayons and
chalk while pens and graphite pencils
produce smooth lines.
DRAWING MATERIALS
 Sketchbook (9 X 12 or smaller
depending on the artist's
preference)
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Graphite Pencils (2H, HB, 2B, 4B
and 6B or mechanical pencils .5mm
and .3mm)
 Erasers (vinyl and kneaded)
 Pencil/Sharpener
 Ruler
 Charcoal (vine and compressed)
 Spray Fixative (Spray Fix)
 Portfolio (to keep finished work)
Take Note:
 Compressed charcoal: made of
powdered charcoal held together
with a binder of gum or wax
(Harder than the vine and
blacker).
 Vine: made from sections of
grape vine which have been burnt
to a precise degree of
hardness. (soft and powdery).
 Fixative: clear liquid, evaporated
quickly. Sprayed over a finished
piece of artwork, usually dry media
to preserve the drawing and
protect it from being smeared.

KINDS OF DRAWING
1. Life Drawing
- A drawing that is based directly
on the observation of the artist
of his subject.
- Good examples are still life
drawings and figure drawings.
2. Emotive Drawing
- Emphasizes the expression of
different emotions, feelings and
mood
3. Perspective Drawing
- The artist creates 3D images on
a 2D picture plane
Note: The artist uses his ability to
depict the illusion of space on a flat
surface
4. Sketching
- Drawings done at the "spur of the
moment". The artist puts down on
paper thoughts and ideas that
occur instantly. It is usually a
rough, freehand, loose drawing
that is not considered as
finished work. The artist here had
visualized something which he
feels he had to immediately put
on paper.
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SHADING TECHNIQUES
Shading is the use of light and shadow
(degrees of values) giving the work
characteristics of having depth and
texture. The following are shading
techniques that artist use to add
perspective to their works:
a. Hatching is accomplished by
drawing thin lines that runs in
the same direction.
b. Cross-Hatching is accomplished by
crisscrossing lines.
c. Blending is accomplished by
changing the value little by little
(from dark to medium/light).
d. Stippling is accomplished by using
dot patterns to create dark
values.
Drawing with Graphite pencil
- All of the shading techniques can
be applied using a graphite pencil.
Pencils are capable of making
different kinds of lines and
tones depending on three
factors:
1. Sharpness of the point
2. How much pressured is applied
3. The angle of how the pencil is
held
Drawing with charcoal
- The best way to hold a stick of
vine charcoal is between the
first three fingers and the
thumb with the end not used in
pointing downward.
- Compressed charcoal can used
alone or blended with vine
charcoal.
- A kneaded eraser can add
character to the charcoal
drawing.
- Paper stumps (torchons) are
pressed papers used for blending.
STAGES OF DRAWING
The following steps represent good
drawing habits (be it for graphite or
charcoal drawings) and establish a
progression that is logical and will
give the artist control of the
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project. Following the steps will let
the artist know when the drawing is
done:
1. Look. Study the image that is
about to be drawn. Look for the
lines and shapes. Check the
orientation (is it vertical or
horizontal). Consider the light
source as this will add realism to
the work.
2. Transfer the information.
Arrange the elements and
composition. Arrangement of the
subject and the space surrounding
them within the drawing format.
Visualize how the image will look
on the support/surface. Make
marks to represent the outmost
edges. Sketch lightly and roughly.
3. Block in the background. Add a
third dimension by focusing on
the shapes of the shadows and
the cast shadows.
4. Add a third dimension with volume.
Give each object a 3D quality.
Render texture.
5. Finish the drawing.
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PAINTING
Art is the expression or
application of human creative skill
and imagination, typically in a
visual form such as painting.
Painting is the process of
applying colors on a flat surface
in order to present a picture of
the subject through the use of
brushes. There are three
different components of
painting, these are Pigments,
Binder and Solvent.
Pigments are the colored part of
the paint. It may be source from
organic (plants) or inorganic
materials (rocks and metallic
oxides). Pigments can also be
natural from vegetables, insects,
minerals and clay or synthetic
made from chemicals like coal tars
and residues of petroleum.
Binders are the material that
holds together the grains of
pigment and allows it to stick to
the painting surface. Some
examples of binders are egg yolks
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mixed with water, linseed oil and
wax.
 Solvent is the liquid that controls
the thickness or thinness of the
paint (viscosity) and are also
used to clean paint brushes and
other tools the artist may have
used during the painting project.
DIFFERENT KINDS OF PAINTS
The availability of the different kinds
of paints in the local art supply store
may cause confusion for beginners.
What should be kept in mind is that
the painting media is based on
personal preference and the purpose
of the work (with budget always in
mind). The following discussion will
give background know how on the
different types of paint in media.
1. Oil-based Paints were developed in
Northern Europe where paintings
were initially created using
tempera (pigments mixed with
egg yolk and water). To make the
painting transparent, artist
added linseed oil, thus began the
era of oil paints. Oil paint is
creamy and dries slowly through
chemical reaction (curing).It can
be purchased in tubes of various
sizes; The best known brands are
Pebeo, Da Vinci, Holbein, Winsor
and Newton. The major
characteristic of oil paints is
that it gives richness and depth
of color.
Materials for Painting with Oils
The following materials are
needed for those interested to
begin painting using oil paints:
a. Oil Paints: basic collection of
colors (cadmium red and
yellow, ultramarine blue,
titanium white and mars
black)
b. Solvent (Turpenoid Regular or
Gamsol)
c. Brushes: different sizes;
rags and jars for cleaning
the brushes
d. Palette and pallete knife for
blending paints
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e. Canvas
f. Easel
g. Space: 8x8 feet with good
lighting, well-ventilated,
cleanable floors and table
tops
2. Water-Soluble Paints: an example
of this kind of paint is
watercolor. Watercolor is the
most popular of all water based
paint media, its name is based on
its solvent which is water. The
Binder for watercolor is gum
Arabic or gum Senegal. When using
a water color it is important to
remember that when over layers
are applied, care should be taken
not to disturb the underpainting.
Water color area in the painting
should have more than three overlays.
There are two approaches to
transparent water color painting:
a. Wet-on-Dry involves the limited
use of water. The support is dry
and the watercolor is applied
usually through the use of the
brush. When the painting process
has begun, enough time is given
for the fresh layer of paint to
dry.
b. Wet-on-Wet involves keeping the
support and the pigment mixture
in wet conditions. The work
produced is soft and diffused.
The plasticity of watercolor is
seen in
these wet
conditions.

Another example of water-soluble
paint is Gouache. Gouache is a
mixture of transparent water
color with water soluble white
pigment. Tinted paper supports
are usually used for gouache like
cardboards. Wetting the support
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helps in manipulating gouache
mixtures. The support is
positioned then horizontally to
prevent water from running and
color unintentionally merging, and
like water colors, gouache is not
resistant to water after drying.

Tempera is another water-based
paint. It is neither transparent
nor opaque, its effects depend
upon the layers of semi-opaque
colors. Each layer of paint serves
as tinted undercoat for the next
years. The manipulation of egg
tempera painting is a line
technique. Tempera cannot be
blended like oil paints or
watercolor because it is instantly
absorbed by the gesso on the
support. Manipulation technique is
done by cross-hatching to create
color variations.

The Egg tempera has low
malleability which is improved by
adding water. To make the yolk
less greasy, vinegar or acetic
acid may be added. Although
tempera dries faster than oil,
tempera painting is a slow
process, it may takes month to
complete a single tempera
painting.

Acrylic Paints are water soluble
but become water resistant when
dry. It is a fast-drying paint
containing pigment suspended in
acrylic polymer emulsion. Acrylic
gesso can be applied as primer to
the canvas. Acrylic paints can be
modified by simply adding water.
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Kinds of Acrylic
There are three kinds of Acrylic,
these are;
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a. Professional Acrylics is a type of
acrylic paint that resists
chemical reactions from exposure
to water, ultraviolet light and
oxygen.
b. Student Acrylics has a lower
pigment concentration and smaller
range of colors; the color
brightness is also not intense.
c. Scholastic Acrylics' pigment
content is less expensive and
includes dyes in the formation;
the color range is also limited to
primary and secondary colors.
 The fast evaporation of water
from acrylic paints can be slowed
by adding acrylic retarders which
are glycol or glycerin based
additives.
THREE- DIMENSIONAL MEDIA
The manipulation of three- dimensional
media demands in the artist a level
of expertise in the use of special
tools and equipment. This proves to
be necessity in order to "free" the
image hidden within the solid medium.
In contrast to painting, sculpture has
3 dimensions namely; height, width,
and depth. Contemporary Philippine
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sculpture has been continuosly evolving
since the works of Guillermo Tolentino
with his famous Bonifacio Monument.
TECHNIQUES IN SCULPTURE
The ways or methods employed by the
sculptor in creating three-dimensional
forms are summarized as follows:
Subtraction is the method in which
sculptors cut away or remove pieces
or parts of the material (glyptic
material) such as stone or wood.
Special tools are used by the artist
to achieve this purpose. This includes
chisels, hammers, torches, saws,
grinders and polishers.
Manipulation also known as modeling,
involves the use of a pliable medium
such as clay, wax or plaster. This
techniques is classified as a direct
method of creating the form of the
image. Most pliable materials are not
durable, clay for instance, it may be
baked in a kiln for it to retain its
final form.
Addition also known as assembling
technique involves putting together
materials through the use of welding
torches, soldering,guns, staplers, bolts,
screws,nails rivets, glue and rope or
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
string. When a sculpture is too heavy,
internal supports like wires are used.
Welding is the process of joining
pieces of metal by heating the
surfaces to the point of melting
using a blowtorch.
Substitution also known as casting
involves reproduction of an original 3d
image in a new material by using a
mold (ocvirk, 2013). The goal of
substitution is to duplicate the form
or image in a more permanent material.
This can be done through processes
like: Sand casting which is
characterized by using sand as the
mold material. These sculptures are
produced in foundries. Plaster casting
similar to sand casting except that
the material used is plaster, and Lost
wax casting also known as investment
casting is a process that involves
pouring molten metal into the mold
that is made of wax. Once the mold
is made, the wax model will melt. A
variety of molds can be used like
waste mold, piece mold and flexible
mold. At most times, it is necessary
to destroy the mold to protect the
monetary value of their work.
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KINDS OF SCULPTURE
Sculptures were originally classified as
freestanding and relief. Now, other
kinds of sculptures may be added to
these two classifications:
Constructed Sculpture is a product of
assemblage. It is an assortment of
materials like wood, metal, wire, plastic
and found objects that are attached
together through various methods of
the additive technique to achieve the
final form.
Kinetic Sculpture answers the
sculptures concern about how motion
or movement may be portrayed in
sculpture. The actual movement in
kinetic sculptures may be caused by
wind, magnetic fields, jet of water,
electric motors, variation in the
intensity of light or active
manipulation of the viewer.
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LOCAL MATERIALS FOR CONTEMPORARY
SCULPTURE
Wood
- The type of wood used for the
sculpture usually depends on the
availability of the material, the
process the artist will employ to
finish the work and the meaning
attach to it by the artist. A newly
cut log is not ideal for sculpture
because it still has a considerable
amount of moisture. Making the log
dry quickly will cause the wood to
crack. The solution is air drying for
extended periods of time. Since the
drying period takes time, the
alternative is to use kiln-dried wood
that are cut into boards. These boards
can be planed and glued together when
big sized sculptures are desired.
Paete, Laguna in the Philippines is
where the best wood carvers in
theCountry are found. The types of wood
used for sculpture that are
availablelocally are molave, acacia, langka
wood, ipil wood, kamagong. palm wood
andbamboo. The following are brief
descriptions of these locally available
woods:
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Molave is a medium-size tree (15 m)
that 1s Classified as hardwood. It is
found in low altitude forests called
"molave forest" throughout the
Philippines. Molave has other uses
beside sculpture mostly medicinal.
Being one of the hardest or Philippine
woods, it is resistant to fungal,
termite and beetle attacks.
Acacia is also a hardwood found in
abundance in the Philippines. The wood
is sustainable and it can be seen along
the roads and even on undeveloped
lands. The rule to follow to sustain
the supply of this species (and any
tree for that matter) is "that for
every tree that is cut, another one
is planted". Acacia is a dense, durable
hardwood that has a high oil content
and is resistant to the elements,
rotting and insects.
Langka Wood is a hardwood from a
jackfruit tree, also known as Jack
Tree. It is found locally and is best
known for its fruit which is marketed
in many forms around the world.
Ipil tree is a fast-growing hardwood
that is usually a bush ora small tree
that grows up to 6 meters high. There
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are a lot of these trees that are
planted around the Philippines. The
major characteristics of the ipil tree
are: it is not so affected by high
temperatures; it provides good shade,
survives with minimal water; is not
affected by salinity, pests and
disease. The wood is a shiny blackbrown color and is durable for
furniture and other architectural
construction.
Kamagong is also known as "iron wood"
and locally known as mabolo tree. This
is a tall tree that reaches from about
25 to 32 meters high and 60 to 80
centimeters in diameter. It is
particularly found in Mt. Makiling in
the Philippines. Its dark wood, known
as Philippine Ebony is highly suitable
for carvings. Kamagong is in demand
for furniture, cabinets, tool handles,
violins and drawing instruments. It is
known for its beauty and durability and
it is also an endangered species that
is protected by Philippine.
Palm wood is from palm trees which
are soft- stemmed and more flexible
than sturdy. Palm wood is known for
its resilience. It is a hardwood
substitute known as Coconut Lumber or

Coco Lumber. Coconut timber has
fibrous grain. The color tones of the
wood range from dark brown tones
which has high density and light golden
tones which is low density. Coconut
palm grows to a height of 25 meters
with a diameter of 300 mm. The
hardest and densest part of the wood
is found in the outer perimeter of
the trunk which gives the tree its
strength, while the high silica content
gives its elasticity. Towards the
center of the trunk, the wood is less
dense and therefore softer Palm Tree
Bamboo woods are giant, fast-growing
grasses that have woody stems.
Bamboos are used for many purposes
aside from art. The use of bamboo for
sculpture ranges from assemblage to
installations. The use of the bamboo
is particularly dependent on its age:
a 6 to 9 month old bamboo is ideal for
making baskets; 2 to 3 years is for
making boards and the 3 to 6 year old
bamboo is best for construction.
Beyond 6 years, bamboo gradually loses
its strength.
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TOOLS FOR WOOD CARVING
Gouge is a tool with a curve cutting
edge used in variety of forms and
sizes for carving hollows, rounds and
sweeping curves.
 Coping saw is a small saw that is used
to cut-off chunks of wood at once.
 Chisel may be large or small, whose
straight, cutting edge is used for
lines and cleaning-up flat surfaces.
Short bent with a small spoon-like dip
used for quick deep cuts. Long bent
for making long deep cuts.
 Straight skew has a diagonal cutting
edge.
 Parting tool or veiner is a furrowing
tool with a "v" cutting edge.
 Fish tail is a tool that flares out on
the left and right tips like a tail of
a fish. All of these tools are available
with cutting edges in different sizes
from 1/8 " to 1".
The three basic parts of a wood carving
tool are: the blade which is the primary
cutting section; the tang which is

inserted into the handle of the tool to
hold the blade; and the handle. Most
handles are octagonal in shape so the
tool will not turn or twist while carving.
Metal is a solid material that is
typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible
and ductile. Metal is electrically and
thermally conductive. In sculpture, the
use of metal in creating permanent art
statements is done through a
substitution or casting process in which
the metal is melted and poured into a
mold. For contemporary sculpture,
however, assemblage is often used to
form the final figure of the metal art
using techniques like welding, bolting
and riveting to join/ connect pieces of
metals together. More popular for
contemporary works of metal sculpture
are the usage of alloys of steel, bronze
and brass.
Steel is an alloy of iron and 1 percent
carbon. Stainless steel, which is now
popular in contemporary works of art is
also known as inox steel. Inox steel is
an alloy of steel with a minimum content
of 10.5 percent chromium. Stainless
steel does not corrode easily and does
not rust or stain in water. It is the
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Stainless Steel Rods material of choice
where the properties of steel and
corrosive resistance are required.
Bronze is a tin-copper alloy with any
other metal except zinc. It is more
expensive than its alternate which is
brass and is more corrosive resistant.
Bronze has the characteristic of
forming a patina (green color) that
protects the metal. Rapid deterioration
of bronze will occur if constantly expose
to moisture, Bronze chlorides and
sulfides. Its distinctive color is reddish
brown.
Brass is a yellow alloy of copper and
zinc. The proportions of the combination
can vary which results in varied
properties. Compared to bronze, brass is
more malleable and has a lower melting
point. Brass is not as hard as steel and
tends to crack when exposed to
ammonia. The color is muted yellow that
is similar to gold but a little duller.
Stone
Stone is a naturally hard, non-metallic
mineral from which beautiful sculptures
can be made. Deposits of stone, like
marble, are usually mined from beneath
the surface of the earth. Rich deposits
of stone will provide artists with a
permanent medium that will last for
many years Marble is a hard, crystalline,
metamorphic form of limestone with
color that is capable of being polished.
In the island of Romblon, Philippines,
there are at least two dozen varieties
off marble and approximately 158
different shades of color. Variations in
color, shade and Marble grain depends on
the depth in which the marble is mined.
Some examples of these varieties are
Carrara White, Romblon Green, Romblon
Black, Romblon Gray and Romblon Brown.
In Romblon the marble is mined, cracked
and processed by hand Alabaster is a
fine-grained, translucent form of
gypsum, typically white and used for
carving beautiful artworks. It is a kind
of stone which is soft, fined- grained
sedimentary gypsum rock. Generally white
and delicately shaded and translucent,
alabaster of 1-2 inch thickness allows
Alabaster Sculpture light to pass
through.
Stone Carving Tools
All tools used for stone carving are
forged from high carbon steel and
tempered for strength.
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Point Chisel removes the primary bulk
material and comes in three sizes, small;
medium and large. All taper down to four
sided points and the thickness or the
size of the point will be determined by
its weight. The smaller the size, the
finer or lighter the point. Tooth Chisel
or Rake is used for second stage
removal, a flat, straight chisel with
slightly beveled teeth. This tool has
four widths: the smallest has four
teeth; next with five teeth; six teeth
and the largest ten teeth. Used for
geometric reduction of a large piece of
stone.
Plaster of Paris is a white substance
that is made by adding water to
powdered and partly dehydrated gypsum.
This medium is made from gypsum
deposits which initially originated in
Paris. It is a type of cement that is
calcium sulfate, a white powder that
forms a paste when mixed with water
and hardens into a solid material.
For sculpture, using this medium
requires some kind of mold. The material
dries quickly, usually around 30 minutes
depending on the thickness of the
image. The work made from this material
can be painted with acrylic.
Cement is a powdery substance made
with calcite lime and clay. It is mixed
with water to form mortar or mixed
with sand, gravel and water to make
concrete. Mixing the ingredients for
concrete is significant to attain the
proper ratio of each material as this
would affect the integrity of the
finished work. Sculptures using cement
can be made using more than one
technique or a combination of
techniques. This medium can be poured
into a cast or can be modelled onto
wires Wet Concrete and metal rods.
Plastic is a synthetic material made
from a wide range of organic polymers
such as polyethylene, PVC (polyvinyl
chloride), and nylon that can be molded
into shape while soft and then set into
a rigid or slightly elastic form. Plastic
is not biodegradable and therefore not
environmentally friendly. Plastic
sculptures are usually reproductions of
original works.
Glass is a hard brittle substance that
is transparent or translucent. It is
made by fusing sand, soda lime and other
ingredients and then slowly cooled.
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These are the following techniques for
making sculptures of glass:
Glass blowing uses a combination of
sanu, Soda lime and coloring agents to
produce a raw material which is melted
together to form molten glass. This
glass is gathered onto a blowpipe. The
air blown into the pipe shapes the
molten glass before it cools. Once
shaped, it is placed in an annealing oven
to slowly cool down until the glass is
stable. Cooling the glass too quickly may
cause it to Crack or even break.
Hot Sculpting is the technique in which
a solid metal rod gathers the molten
glass from the furnace and shapes it
with the use of a special tool. This
technique allows the glass sculptor to
make large solid pieces ot glass art.
Hot Sculpting Glass Cold working is
working with glass when it is in its cold
or annealed state.
Sandblasting (using jets of sand
powered by compressed air to roughen or
clean), cutting, grinding, polishing and
engraving are used to create a unique
piece of art. Special glues are also use
to bind glass together.
Ice is also use as a modern medium for
contemporary sculpture. The sculptures
that result from using ice as the raw
material can be abstract or realistic;
functional or purely decorative. Ice
sculptures are usually associated with
special or extravagant events because
ice is a temporary medium. Its lifetime
is limited and is determined by the
temperature of its surrounding
environment. Ice Sculpting Ice
sculptures are carved from blocks of ice
that are carefully selected by the
artist for the purpose of portraying his
sculpture.
Carving ice is made from pure, clean
water which is free from impurities.
The production of clear ice has a lot
to do with the freezing process. Cloudy
ice often results because of trapped
air molecules that tend to bind to the
impurities while the water is naturally
freezing. lce that is mechanically
produced is clear because water is made
to circulate in the freezing chamber as
a means of controlling the freezing
process.
Some artists prefers white ice that
looks like snow and colored ice blocks
that can be produced by the addition
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of dyes. Ice sculptures can even be a
combination of clear and colored ice to
achieve the desired effect.
Techniques in Making Ice Sculptures
The environmental temperature is a very
significant consideration in determining
how fast the ice carver should finish
the sculpture. Some carvers use power
tools such as chainsaws and die grinders
that would allow them to finish the work
within 10 minutes. Other tools for ice
carving als0 include hand saws and
razor- sharp chisels.
Basic Steps:
1. The block of ice is placed in an area
with good lighting for the artist to
have the best visibility.
2. Basic designs are initially rough and
are created by the use of chainsaw
and other rough cutting tools to get
the basic design.
3. Finer tools such as ice picks, chisels
and small saws are used for fine
details.
4. Smoothing and shaping tools are used
to add finer details and get the
finish effect. An electric handheld
blower removes traces of ice chips
adding to the smooth polished
effect.
5. Gel, lighting and other effects are
added once the sculpture is almost
done. When the work is finish, the
ice sculpture is now ready for show.
Some cuisines use ice sculptures for its
decorative appeal for it enhances the
presentation of food especially cold
foods such as sea foods or Sorbets. Ice
sculptures are also commissioned at
holiday buffets, restaurants, hotels and
cruise ship buffets. For events such as
weddings, popular subjects are ice
sculptures of hearts and doves.
Sand is a popular art especially during
the summer months. Sculptures of sand
involve modeling sand into an art form.
The two basic ingredients for this art
are sand and water which are in
abundance in a sandy beach or in a sand
pit. Sand that is good for sculpture is
somewhat dirty, having silt and clay
that helps lock the irregularly. Shaped
sand grains together.
Food Art in contemporary art, the media
can also be edible. In the fast growing
world of culinary arts, fruits,
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vegetables, chocolates, and cakes are
only some of the materials food artists
use as means of artistic expression.
Restaurants compete with each other
not only in the taste of the cuisines
they serve but also in how this cuisines
are presented. The effort spent in
food preparation should not only entice
the senses of smell and taste but
should also be visually appealing and
dramatically awesome. Melons,
watermelons, apples, pineapples,
cucumber, carrots, oranges and pumpkins
are only some of the locally favorite
items for fruit and vegetable carving.
Important tips for carving fruits:
In the selection of fruit, choose the
one with a firm, unbruised skin.
There should be no lumps and oddly
shaped curves and no soft spots.
The use of stainless steel knives are
preferred.
Other knives will most likely cause
discoloration in the fruit.
The knives should be sharpened regularly
for them to be effective and safe. In
the proper handling of the knife the
following should serve as a guide:
a. Place the thumb of the dominant
hand on the knife handle right next
to the blade.
b. Put the index finger on the dull
upper edge of the blade.
c. The middle finger should lowered to
the side of the blade opposite the
thumb. The fourth and fifth fingers
are then curve around the handle,
gripping the handle comfortably.
d. Before any cut is made, decide as
to what pattern or design is to be
carved on the fruit.
e. Drawing a pattern on the fruit using
a fine permanent marker or using a
stencil to trace the pattern may be
done.
Installation Art
This is a contemporary three-dimensional
art that involves any arrangement of
objects in an exhibition space. This could
vary from a room full of sculptures to a
space filled with video monitors.
Installations usually refer to interior
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spaces; exterior interventions are often
called land art. Installations can be
temporary or permanent. This media
emphasizes the total, unified experience
rather than a display of separate,
individual artworks. The artist of this
media is working towards experimentation,
aiming to shock or unsettle the viewer
and transform their perception of space.
The artist takes into consideration the
space and the manner in which their work
may relate to it. Artists' works are
sensitively arranged or installed to
create a dialogue with the immediate
surroundings. The goal is for the viewers
to take in both the work and its
surrounding environment as one overall,
immersive display.
Materials for installation art may include
plastic, bags, newspaper, dry leaves, book
pages, shoes, shovels, knives and other
local materials or found objects. The
Incorporation of everyday materials and
natural materials are usually chosen for
their evocative qualities. New media such
as video, sound, performance, immersive
Virtual reality and the internet are also
sometimes employed.
Intermedia
- In the contemporary art world, there
is also intermedia. This is described
as a dynamic mix of media and genres.
In intermedia, the artist expresses
ideas through the use of a
combination of mixed media,
installation, space-time art and
performance art. This allows the
viewer the experience of using all of
his senses in appreciating a
contemporary art expression.
PHILIPPINE CRAFTS
What is craft? How does it affect the
life of the artist?
Crafts are objects that are created
first to be functional and second to be
aesthetic. Contemporary craft making
goes beyond the object's functional
capability. Craft now requires skill to be
able to bring together aesthetics and
function. Although crafts exist in many
places anywhere in the world, the
materials and techniques used in making
them are particularly based on the culture
or the group of people where they are
found. New materials indigenous to an
area or place are discovered and are now
being used to make objects of functional
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value. The techniques acquired, however,
are handed down from generation to
generation. Innovations have been
adapted but the basic techniques
acquired by the local people are still
evident.
The making of crafts (locally called
handicrafts) is a growing local industry.
In the Philippines, the export of
handicrafts has proven that there is
demand for local products because of
their quality, artistic craftsmanship and
functionality.
KINDS OF CRAFTS
Ceramics (Pottery Making) generally refer
to objects that are made of clay. Clay is
an earthy material that is composed of
minerals rich in alumina, silica and water.
Ceramics lend itself to a wide range of
usage owing to this material's versatility.
Objects of clay include pottery pots,
bowls, sculptures, baked bricks and tiles
Lois-Fichner-Rathus, 2013. Ceramics used
in crafts varies in the amount of Clay in
the material and the temperature at
which it is fired or cooked.
Locally, in Barangay Putsan in Tiwi, Albay
Philippine Ceramics is the leading
terracotta Ceramic Industry in the Bicol
of region. This project was spearheaded
by the DTI (Department of Trade and
Industry). Geographically, the village is
said to be rich in red clay and feldspar
(a rock forming mineral) which are basic
materials in pottery making, In the
barangay, there are three types of clay;
water is added to Complete the mixture:
1. Molding the Clay
2. Himulot na Pula - red clay
3. Himulot na Itom- black clay
4. Baras- feldspar
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Why do native people still use traditional
technique in making pots rather than the
modern way of making it?
The art of making pottery is not only a
means of livelihood of the locals but a
communal activity. Even if modern
technology had been introduced to the
area, some natives still used the
traditional techniques of making pottery.
They still practice the conventional way
of molding and baking clay by putting the
molded objects under piles of hay and
chaff in their yards and burning them.
Some would still dry the pots under the
sun along the sides of the road just in
front of their houses. Recently about 60
percent of pottery makers still use the
old methods and 20 percent have adapted
to the new, modern, faster way of making
pottery.
Philippine Ceramics, which is based in the
same village, boast of state of the art
facilities for clay processing kiln firing
casting, use of spray booth and electricthrowing machines. In the factory, an
average of 20 - 40 kilos of clay are
produced daily. This processed clay is
distributed to the parahurma (potter)
for them to mold. Men mold jars and pots
by hand using the electric-driven
throwing machines. After molding,
patterns of flowers, butterflies, the
moon and stars are carved out. The
carved-out jars are then fired. They are
placed inside petroleum gas-powered ovens
to bake. The baking process is carefully
watched as too much heat will damage the
jars. Women then paint the designs in
warm, vibrant colors. The peak season for
the pottery industry is from December to
March.
TEXTILE ART
This is a kind of craft in which fibers
are used to make functional and or
decorative works of art. Fibers are thin,
threadlike structures that can come from
animals, plants or synthetic materials.
Weaving is the technique of making
beautiful fabrics which is accomplished by
interlacing horizontal and vertical
threads. The threads are arranged at
right angles to each other usually in a
loom. The vertical threads are called warp
and the horizontal threads are called woof
or weft. The type of fiber and the kind
of weave used will determine the weight
and the quality of the fabric produced.
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TYPES OF WEAVES
1. Plain weave is the strongest and
simplest. The woof threads alternately
pass above and warp fiber.
4. Pile weave is found in making
carpets. Knots are tied and the
fabric is trimmed to achieve uniform
length of the threads.
2. Satin weave is delicate. The woof
threads pass above and below several
warp threads.
5. Ikat is a local style of weaving that
uses a resist dyeing process on
either the warp or the woof before
the threads are woven to create a
pattern or design. This technique is
still practiced by the women or the
Cordilleras.
What is the main material in making
3. Twill weave is characterized by the woof weaves?
and warp forming broken diagonal The media used for making textiles or
patterns.
fabrics varies depending on the
availability of the material. In the
Philippines, fibers for making textile
usually comes from plants. These plants
are cultivated particularly for their fiber.
The following is a list of the fibers used
and a brief description of each one.
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1. Pina fiber the fibers come from the 3. Pina Jusi is a combination of the
leaves of the pineapple plant. The
sheerness of pina fibers and the
fibers are extracted, washed, dried,
strength of jusi fiber. The resulting
split into strands and knotted. The
fabric is cooler and makes more
pina fiber is hand-woven into fabrics.
comfortable wear.
Due to its delicate and regal 4. Cotton is from the cotton plant and
can be knitted or woven into cloth.
characteristic, pina fabrics was named
The quality of cotton is determined
as the "Queen of Philippine Fabrics."
based on its grade (external
appearance); color (whiteness); length
of the fibers and its character
(strength of the fibers). The two
common ways to weave cotton are
through the use of the plain weave
and twill weave. Twill weave produces
more durable cotton fabrics like denim,
khaki and gabardine.
2. Jusi is another fiber that is made
from a combination of abaca and
banana. It is mechanically woven and
the resulting fabric is stronger and
more durable than pina fiber.
5. Abaca is also known as musa textilis
but more popularly Manila Hemp. It is
a species of banana native to the
Philippines. The fiber comes from the
leaves which is extracted from the
leaf sheath around the trunk of the
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abaca plant. It is quite difficult to
harvest abaca as each stalk must be
cut into strips which are then scraped
to remove the pulp. The fibers are
then washed and dried.
6. Buri comes from the Buri Palm which
are found also in the Philippines. From
this palm three, types of fibers can
be gathered from the petiole (buri
fibers), the leaf (raffia) and the
ribs (buntal).
How do we manage to produce fibers that
are soft and resistant to water?
The Philippine Textile Research
Institute now makes use of nano
technology or modern innovations to
enhance the Buntal Fiber quality of
local textiles particularly for niche
markets (markets with special product
needs). Natural fibers like abaca,
tnalak, bamboo, pina and water liliy are
used for making textile. The new
technology produces fibers that are
softer, pliable, resistant to water,
fire, stains, static and even bacteria.
These enhanced textiles are not for
mass production but are considered
special customized products for niche
markets.
One example of textile innovation is
the pinatex (different from pina
fibers). This fiber is from the leaves
left behind after ordinary pineapple
had been harvested. These leaves come
from pineapple plantations in Tagaytay
and Camarines Norte. The leaves are
processed to produce fibers that ate
like leather. It is used for clothing,
insulation, and for wound dressing his
innovation harnessed the capabilities
of the local pineapple.
What is basket weaving?
This craft makes use of animal and
plant fibers. Grasses, twigs, straw and
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animal hair are woven into baskets and
locally made mats are from Leyte and
other containers. Pangasinan in
Romblon. Common materials used are
Central Luzon is known as the
the tikog which is a kind of Brass
"Province of Basket Weavers The
that grows abundantly in the fields;
provinces of Laoag. Ilocos Norte,
pandan and abaca. The manner in which
Zambales, Samar and Romblon re also
the mats are made speaks their
known for their aesthetically crafted
quality. These mats are soft and
baskets.
comfortable. They are made aesthetic
by decorations of dyed reeds and
What are the different plants which are
straws of various designs. Mats made
also used in basket weaving?
in the area of Luzon use buri palm and
1. Pandan is known as the screw pine.
pandan leaves as their materials.
The value of this plant is in its
Pandan mats are more expensive
leaves. The leaves are fibrous,
because they are more durable and
resistant to decay and grows very
more comfortable.
long. Leaves are boiled and each leaf Metalwork and Jewelry Metalwork
is cleaned by removing the sharp - involves the process of refining and
spines on the margins and midrib.
working with metals to produce
The strips are dried, sorted and
objects that are both aesthetic and
individually smoothed and
functional. For jewelry making, rare
straightened before the weaving
metals like silver and gold are used
process begins.
for their appealing colors and
2. Nito is a trimming fern found in
textures.
moist, shady places on the hillsides Why does
ry metalwork use only in
and open woodlands in the Philippines. limited workjewel
or crafts?
What is mat weaving?
- Due to the value of these metals,
- Mats in the Philippines are called
their uses are usually limited to
"banig". The banig is usually used for
jewelry, fine table ware, vessels for
sleeping. The most durable of the
religious rituals, crowns for royalty
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and molded to sacred objects. For
jewelry, silver and gold are crafted
to serve as settings for precious
gems and polished stones.
Shell craft is the use of seashells to
decorate objects or surfaces and
make fancy accessories. The kind of
shells used for this purpose are puka
shells, paua, blacklip, sigay, troca,
nautilus, capiz (windowpane oyster
shell).
Where does shell craft originated?
Shell Craft in the Philippines is based
in Mactan, Cebu. The following gives a
brief description of shells use for
shell craft:
Capiz shell is a whitish, translucent
shell found in the coastal waters of
the Philippines. It is also known as
the windowpane oyster shells or locally
as capiz shells.
How do Capiz shells process until it
became an artwork?
Once harvested, the shells are
processed through cleaning, polishing
and cutting into shapes. Capiz shells
are made into wind chimes, tiles, lamp
shades, picture frames, jewelry boxes,
accessories and decorations for the
holidays like Christmas lanterns
(parol).
Puka
What is the difference between the
capiz shell and the puka shell?
Puka shells came from cone shells that
have been tossed, tumbled in the surf
and sand over time until all that
remains is the cupped top. The hole
(puka) is naturally worn through. The
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natural colors ranges from white to
beige and tan. There are three types
of puka shells:
a. real puka shell is cupped with a
natural hole that comes from
cone shells;
b. puka chips comes from hammered
lager shells. hey are jagged cut
puka shells with punched holes.
are brown, black O Brey;
c. heishe shells are smooth, round
cut puka shell that are
artificially made and comes with
a wide range of rainbow colors.
Paua shell make jewelry comes from a
large edible abalone whose shell is used
to make jewelry.
Blacklip shells comes from various
marine creatures whose shell have a
black lip edge.
Sigay are cowrie shells is a popular
shell that is harvested to make
necklaces, bracelets, curtains.
Troca- shells are spiral to conical
shells used for fancy accessories. The
exterior may be smooth, glossy or
sculptured. These shells have pearly
interiors.
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Coconut Craft
The coconut shell, which is the part
that protects the fruit, is also
processed to create beautiful,
functional art works. The coconut shell
is about 3 - 6 mm thick and is
composed of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose. The shell, which is considered
a hardwood, produces craft works that
are of excellent quality, imperishable
and relatively easy to make with the
proper training and the right tools.
The Coconut shells are carved in
different designs (depending on what
is being made) and varnished. Crafts
can range from fashion accessories,
table ashtrays and many other
decorative items.
How to make a craft out of coconut?
1. Select the right shell for the
project.
2. Check the shells. Make sure that
there are no cracks and is oil free
from copra (as this will affect
the design)
3. Prepare the tools. These tools are
similar to that of wood carving but
with the addition of different
saws (coping saw, fret saw and
hack saw), a meta vice, files
(round, triangular, smooth files)
and a hand drill.
4. The craftsman should be skilled in
handling the tools. After the
object is made. It is sanded and
polished or varnished.
5. The piece is dried under the sun.
Jeepney Art
Why is it practiced in our country up
to this day?
Our country is also known for its
iconic art of transport which is the
jeepney. It is a tourist delight to
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see these colorfully decorated vehicles
with special horns and boom boxes
These vehicles are decorated based on
the personality and taste of the
owner. No two jeepneys are alike owing
to the paint jobs and the numerous
accessories attached to its body.
These jeepneys are also the source of
pride of the drivers. A jeepney
workshop is found in San Mateo, in the
province of Rizal, Philippines. Here,
body parts of the jeepney is welded
together which is made of galvanized
metal or buffed stainless steel. The
driver/owner then requests add-ons
like chromed horns and horses, led
lights, mirrors, faps religious icons or
even their signature. The arts seen
on the jeepneys may be labeled as a
form of kitsch art (art objects done
in poor taste but sometimes
appreciated 1n an ironic, knowing way)
vehicles. Philippine Jeepney Art- The
canvas of the jeepney art is its shell.
The art is prominently displayed and
concentrated in the front (hood) of
the vehicle and its side. Although
jeepney nowadays, is in some areas,
are not too artistically expressive
still is considered an art expression
of the common people.
Generalization:
There is a wide range of Crafts here
in our country. It plays a significant
role in our history and it is a relevant
thing for many people here in our
country today because this serve as
their way of living as well. On the
discussion, we had discussed the
Philippine Crafts which include
metalwork and jewelry metalwork. Next,
we have the shell in which shells used
in this form of crafts are Capiz shell,
Puka, blaclip, paua, sigay and troca.
Next, we have the coconut craft and
lastly the jeepney art.
Philippine craft differs from other
country. Aside from it focuses of the
local products in making such artistic
craft, there is also passion and
determination encapsulated in each
craft created by every Filipinos. Arts
had been defined us throughout our
existence, it also teaches us the
things we need to know on the history.
Thus, we need to give importance to
this because it is part of our life
and everyone is a potential artist.
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Week 7
CONTEMPORARY ARTS PRODUCTION AND
INTEGRATED ARTS
CONTEMPORARY ARTS PRODUCTION
The understanding of art and
subsequent creation of the same is
the challenge to the artist. Ideas,
skills, and abilities will be put to a
test through application of the
learned media, and techniques. This is
an opportunity for learners to
integrate art with knowledge acquired
in the classroom. The production of a
unique presentation will further
enhance experiential learning.
1. Art Production
- Generally means the creation of
products from an artistic effort.
It is a process where artists
manipulate materials according to
their understanding of art and
sentiments. Artworks demonstrate
individual ideas, emotions, and values
in a specific social and cultural
context.
- Art production is a deliberate
activity that means inventiveness
and not duplication of somebody
else's artwork. It involves a variety
of skill, technologies, dispositions
and materials.
2. Art Production Planning
- Art Production Planning aims to
prepare students for future work
by providing the skills, and
knowledge to tell their own stories
and ability to interpret the
stories of others. Students are
encouraged to explore, experiment
and interpret their world,
reflecting and assessing
contemporary life in the midst of
social and cultural pressures.
Students are learners at the same
time creator of arts and
therefore should learn to consider
the role of the audience. The
creation of art is a process of
manipulating current medium to
arrive at something the does not
only appeal to one's sensibilities
but give meaning to life as well.
Objectives of Production Planning
 Effective
utilization of
resources- human and the nonhuman resources are utilized to
the fullest because they are
determined beforehand.
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Ensure a steady flow of
production- a smooth flow of
production is ensured by the
availability of resources for they
are needed.
Estimate the resources- the
quantity and quality of the
resources are estimated; as a
result, their cost are determined
wastage is avoided.
Ensures optimum inventory- the
estimation of the quantity of
resources helps keep the inventory
for production purposes at a desire
level.
Coordinates activities of
department- the scheduling done
during the production planning is
responsible for the coordination of
the department in the activities
involved.
Minimizes wastage of raw
materials- wastage of raw
materials will be reduced to a
minimum, if not zero, because only
those raw materials needed
production are purchased or
acquired.
Improves the labor productivitythe laborers become productive if
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the raw materials needed in their
work are available when needed; if
there is a shortage of materials,
they have to wait and are
therefore left idle.
Helps to capture the market- when
materials are available all the time
for production, finished goods are
completed on time and delivered or
supplied promptly to the target
market and customers.
Provides a better work
environment- production planning
involves the planning of the work
area such that the physical
movement of the materials are
properly sequenced to avoid to
back-tracking. It also involves the
setting up of a safe and
comfortable work environment for
the laborers.
Facilities quality improvementbecause all activities are properly
coordinated among departments
the possibility of improving the
quality of the finished goods is
present.
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1. Acquired Skills Enhancement
Skill Enhancement refers to
strengthening of acquired artistic
skills as these are applied in the
production of artworks or integrated
in other fields of specialization.
a. On Skills Acquisition- an individual
has already met the standards of
artistic acquisition if he/she is
able to do any of the following:
1. Communicate at a basic level in any
of the artistic disciplines.
2. Develop and present and basic
analyses of the work of arts from
structural, historical, and cultural
perspectives and from a
combination these perspectives.
3. Have an informed acquaintance
with exemplary works of art from
a variety of cultures, historical
periods, and a basic understanding
of historical development across
the arts.
b. On Skills Enhancement- an artist
should be concentrated in developing
his artistic ability in himself.
2. Integrative Art in the Classroom
An understanding or art is enhanced
by one's experience of it. Art
enhances creativity, it promotes
individual competence in expressing
their thoughts, sentiments, and even
their principles and values in a visual
and tangible form. Creativity involves
skills, technologies, and manipulation
of material according to one's
competence. The school as a learning
environment is the most effective
venue to foster creativity.
Art production activities require
cognitive processing and
contemplation. The meaning and
intentions of the learner should be
expressed in his or her creative work
to foster appreciation and greater
self-esteem.
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a. Integrated Arts- refers to
inter-disciplinary art, art
research, development, production,
presentation, or artistic creation
of work that fully uses two or
more art disciplines to create a
work for a specific audience.
b. Integrated Arts Production- is a
concept where it entails the
service of many artists or of an
individual possessing various
artistic skills collaborating with
others.
3. Procedure in the Production Design
Plan
Step 1: Investigate
Collect and discuss samples of
artworks, materials that motivated
you. In the creation of a film or video
the choice should be a film that have
inspired you. Investigation involves
research and exploration of ideas.
Step 2: Conceptualize
Through brainstorming, feedback,
reflection and evaluation for the
production written or visual
exploration of ideas should be listed.
Ideas can randomly and spontaneously
pop out. Weighing the pros and cons
of the ideas will determine its
corresponding merits. Choosing these
relevant ideas and seeking for
feedback from other people should
documented.
Step 3: Set the Objectives
The objectives and purpose of the
product should be elaborated in this
part. The purpose should be discussed
as well as the expected outcome of
the art work.
Step 4: Assess the Audience
It is necessary to describe the
audience. Their expectations, attitude
and knowledge about the product or
artwork should be explained in this
area.
Step 5: Create the Written Plan
The written plan will serve as the
guide for the entire creation of the
product. Varied art activities mean
differences in approaches and
techniques. Log lines for films and
shot lists for photography can be
used.
Step 6: Create the Visual Plan
Work on the visual plan which will
actually determine the flow of the
story according to the detailed
storyboards, flow charts and etc.
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based on the planned movements from
beginning to end.
a. Log line- a one-sentence summary of
a television program, film, or book that
states the central conflict of the
story, often providing both synopsis
of the story's plot, and an emotional
hook to stimulate interest.
Example:
Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse
of the Black Pearl- "Blacksmith Will
Turner teams up with eccentric pirate
Captain Jack Sparrow to save his love,
the governor's daughter from Jack's
former pirate allies who are now
undead".
b. Shot List- is a document that lists
and describes the shots to be filmed
during principal photography. There is
no format for the shot list.
c. Storyboard- is a graphic organizer in
the form of illustrations or images
displayed in sequence for the purpose
of pre-visualizing a motion picture,
animation, motion graphic or
interactive media sequence.
 Humans have been creating art for as
long as we have been around. Our
ability to appreciate beauty, to spin
stories, to write love songs and sad
poems is uniquely human. Even in the
most difficult of times, humans have
turned to art to seek comfort and
express their innermost desires. For
students, art can be an invaluable tool
for self-expression, better studying
and stress reduction. Furthermore,
research says that art is often used
as a coping mechanism because of its
ability to begin a healing process by
self-expression when communicating
with others cannot. The arts provide
students with an avenue to exercise
their creativity and explore off the
beaten path. The arts have also been
the medium of choice for promoting
social change. Artists with huge
followings are capable of instigating
change on a global scale.
Let us always remember that we are
the artists and painters of our own
life therefore, life is considered as
an art, and we must live ours in color.
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