BI-150
Anatomy and Physiology 1
Exam One
1/23/2023
I.
Body Organization and Homeostasis
1. Anatomy: Deals with the form and organization of body parts.
 How we are put together
2. Physiology: Deals with the function of these parts
 The function of a part depends on the way it is constructed
II.
Levels of Organization
1. Atoms: Matter is composed of atoms
2. Molecules: Atoms join to for molecules
3. Organelles: Large aggregates of interacting molecules (organs of a cell)
4. Cells: Basic units of structure/life
 Composed of organelles
5. Tissues: Cells organized into layers/masses
6. Organs: Tissues are organized to form organs
7. Organs Systems: Organs working together to complete bodily functions
8. Organisms: Living things
III.
The Characteristics of Life
1. Movement: Changing body position or moving internal structures
2. Responsiveness: Sensing and reacting to internal or external changes
3. Growth: Increasing in size without changing shape
4. Reproduction: Producing offspring
5. Respiration: Obtaining oxygen or using oxygen to release energy from foods or
to remove waste
6. Digestion: Breaking down nutrients so they can be absorbed
7. Absorption: Moving substances across a membrane into bodily fluids
8. Circulation: Moving throughout the body via fluids
9. Assimilation: Adapting to an environment, changing substances into chemically
different forms
10. Excretion: Removing body waste
IV.
Maintenance of Life
1. Requirements for Organisms to Live
 Water: Used in metabolic processes, provides the right environment for
chemical reactions
 Nutrients: Supply energy and building blocks for repair, replacement,
and growth
 Oxygen: Releases energy from foods and nutrients and drives metabolic
functions
 Heat: The product of metabolic reactions
a. Exothermic: Gives off energy
b. Many enzyme reactions happen best at 100 degrees explains why
body temp is 98.6
 Pressure: Application of force
a. Atmospheric: Breathing
b. Hydrostatic: Blood, cohesion
BI-150
Anatomy and Physiology 1
Exam One
1/23/2023
2. Maintain Homeostasis
 Homeostasis: The ability to maintain a stable internal environment
 If an organism is to survive, the conditions with its body must remain
relatively stable
 Homeostatic Mechanisms
a. Sensory receptors:
b. Control centers: Hypothalamus
c. Effectors: Collection of tissues that respond to events
a. Muscles and glands
b. Heat = Sweat
BI-150
Anatomy and Physiology 1
Exam One
Exam One
Chemistry
Carbohydrates
The three elements that form carbohydrates are:
1.
2.
3.
The building block or basic unit of a carbohydrate is a:
1.
Carbohydrates are classified as:
1.
Give an example of each class:
1.
2.
3.
The major function of carbohydrates in the body is:
1.
Triglycerides (Neutral Fats)
The three elements that form the neutral fats are:
1.
2.
3.
The two building blocks or basic units of neutral fats are
1.
2.
Glycerides are classified as:
1.
2.
3.
Three major functions of neutral fats:
1.
2.
3.
1/23/2023
BI-150
Anatomy and Physiology 1
Exam One
Proteins
The four major elements that form the proteins are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The building block or basic unit of a protein is:
1.
When two of the basic units combine to form a long chain:
1.
List the four functions of proteins:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nucleic Acids
The five major elements that form the nuclic acids are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The two types of nucleic acids are
1.
2.
The building block or basic unit of nucleic acid is
1.
The basic unit is composed of
1.
2.
3.
The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are
1.
2.
3.
4.
1/23/2023
BI-150
Anatomy and Physiology 1
Exam One
The 5-carbon monosaccharide in DNA is:
1.
In RNA the one different base is ______ and the sugar is _______
1.
The major function of DNA is
1.
1/23/2023