Grade 10
Term3: Population Structure
Subtopics to be covered in this lesson, include:
• population structure: age and sex, represented as population
pyramids.
• Discussion on population indicators: birth rates, death rates, life
expectancy, fertility rate.
• factors that influence population indicators
What is population structure?
• Population Studies focuses on demographic
information and trends within human populations.
• It is known as” Demography”
• The term “ Demography” means study of both
quantitative and qualitative aspects of human
population
• Acoustic highlighting : words “ quantitative and
qualitative should be enlarged or highlighted, arrow to
graph showing quantitative population data and
qualitative should be highlighted followed by words
flying in; Why? When? How?
Population Structure refers to the age and sex of a population
Population structure is often shown using Population Pyramids
The shape of population pyramids is very different between MEDCs and LEDCs as they reflect
differences in the birth and death rates of these two sets of countries.
LEDC
Pyramids should be labelled : LEDC AND MEDC respectively.
MEDC
Components of a population pyramid
OLD DEPENDANTS:
Above the age of 65
ECONOMICALLY
ACTIVE: between the
ages of 15-64
Population in
Five Year
Age bands
YOUNG
DEPENDANTS: below
the age of 15
MALES
To the left
Usually, but not always,
in % to make for easier
comparisons
between countries
Voice over in the order of the animation
FEMALES
To the right
What Population Pyramids Show Us about population indicators
Economically
More
Developed
Country
Economically
Less
Developed
Country
KEY
slope of pyramid indicate the death rate
width of the base is related to birth rate/fertility rate
proportions of men and women can suggest male or female migrations
height of graph can indicate life expectancy
"kinks" indicate dramatic reductions in birth rate or increases in
death rate in the past
area of graph indicates total population - compare areas of different
population age groups or different sex on one graph
The overall shape of the population pyramid can indicate whether it is an
Economically More Developed Country or Economically Less Developed Country
Voice over in the order of the animation
Types of Population Pyramid
There main types of pyramids
Rapid growth-Expansive
Slow growth-Stationary
Negative growth
Shape of rapid
growth Expansive
Shape of
Slow growthStationary
Shapes alternating between the
three groups until the end of
the voice over , on which they
should be fixed in the correct
spaces.
Shape of negative
growth
Recap: Can you Interpret population
Pyramids??
Six things to comment on
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Birth Rate
Death Rate
Infant mortality
Life expectancy
% of dependants to economically active
Sex ratio
Enter one at a time
Factors affecting population indicators
Birth rate
What is it?
Factors affecting
Number of live births per 1000
people in a year.
Life expectancy
Death rate/infant mortality
The number of years one is
The number of people that die per 1000
expected to live from the time people in a year.
of their birth.
Most developed nations have
higher life expectancies
Why would birth rates be high? 1.Health care systems
2.Pre-natal care
High fertility rates
3.Diets and nutrition
Lack of contraceptives
4.wealth/affordability
Religious and cultural beliefs
5.Education
Why would birth rates be low? 6.Natural disasters
1. Improved working
7.Wars
opportunities for women
8.disease
2. Low fertility rates
3. More contraceptives
4. Better education
1.Prenatal care of the mother
2.Immunizations of infants
3.Diets and nutrition
4.Diseases
5.Wealth
6.Poverty rates
7.Poor health care
Importance of Population Pyramids
Policy Planning

future housing estates

future schools

future jobs
Comparison with other countries

developed vs developing
Enter one at a time