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1. Enumerate 3 technologies each branch of science invented that are used in
the following branches of science. Explain how these technologies are used in
these branches of science. Assign a letter or number to your 3 technologies to
be systematic. Tabulate your answer into 3 columns: Biological science Technology - Function.
Biological Science
1.
Embryology
Technology
a) Embryo Transfer
b) Ultrasound
c) In Vitro
Fertilization or IVF
Function
a) This facilitates on
reaching a greater rate
of conception, increase
in range of progeny in
step with year from
unmarried female
animal of super-ior
genotype.
b) This approach can
visu-alize and permit
pren-atal prognosis of
nume-rous features of
the development of
follicles in the ovary,
the gestational sac,
and fetus in the
uterus, fetal
parameters, and the
placenta.
c) This helps to screen
human embryos. IVF
applications eliminate
one or extra cells from
an embryo at its early
developmental stage
for genetic checking
out.
2.
3.
Biochemistry
Morphology
a) Chromatography
a) It is a method responsible for separating
compounds from a
mixtu-re. These
mixtures include
proteins, peptides,
amino acids, lipids,
carbohydrates,
vitamins and drugs.
b) Electrophoresis
b) It is an analytical
technique used for the
separating of biologycal molecules based on
their electrical charg-es.
These include plas-ma
proteins, lipoprote-ins
and immunoglobulins.
c) Photometry
c) It is responsible for
measuring light
absorption by organic
and inorganic
compounds that are
concentrated in a
solution.
a) 3D Morphological
Analysis
a) This presents cell
nuclear shapes that can
be measured depends
on their representation
extracted from image
data. Also, extracted
surfaces are smooth,
accurately represent
the shape of an object,
and can be further used
for morphometric
analysis.
b) Stero Microscope
b) It is an optical
microscope that
provides a threedimensional view of a
specimen. It is also
known by other names
such as dissecting
microscope and stereo
zoom microscope.
c) Electron Microscopy c) It is a technique for
obtaining high resolution images of
biological and nonbiological specimens.
4.
Molecular Biology
a) Agilent 2100
Bioanalyzer
a) It is a microfluidicsbased platform for
sizing, quantification
and quality control of
DNA, RNA, proteins
and cells. It can be
used to assess the size
and quality of DNA
over range of sizes
and concentrations.
The system integrates
an instrument, data
processing software,
reagent and a microfl-
uidic chip specific for
DNA, RNA, or protein
analysis.
5.
Biophysics
b) Visible
spectrophotometer
b) Measures the absorption level of one
monochromatic
visible frequency at a
time and then sums up
those individual
absorption levels to
draw a spectrum.
c) Micropipettes
c) Used to accurately
measure and dispense
small volumes of
liquid. These are used
to physically interact
with microscopic
samples, such as in the
procedures of microinjection and patch
clamping.
a) Analytical
ultracentrifuge
a) The analytical
ultracentrifuge is
made up of a specially
designed centrifuge
with built-in optics
for real-time detection of biomolecules
in solution under high
centrifugal force.
Using this instrument,
the distribution of
biomolecules within
the cell will be moni-
tored over time to
determine a variety of
thermodynamic and
hydrodynamic
propert-ies.
b) Dynamic Light
Scattering (DLS)
Instrument
b) Also known as Photon
Correlation
Spectroscopy, DLS
instruments are noninvasive tools used to
measure the size and
distribution of
submicron particles. A
DLS device works by
illuminating a sample
with a laser beam.
From the sample, the
oscillations of the
scattered light are
detected by a fast
photon detector and
the scattering angles
can determine the
complete particle size
distribution in the
sample.
c) Fluorescence
Spectrometer
c) This is an instrument
for the detection and
analysis of organic
compounds. It
measur-es the
fluorescence of a
molecule to gather
information about its
chemical components
and environment and
is commonly used in
laboratories of
sciences such as
biology and
chemistry.
6.
Zoology
a) Binoculars
b) Global Positioning
System (GPS)
a) To study animals,
zoologists normally
observe them in their
natural habitats.
However, they do
have to keep their
distance and rarely
interact with the
animals both for their
safety and objectivity
of the study. This is
why they use
binoculars so that
they can make their
observations more
efficiently even from
afar.
b) Due to the nature of
their work, zoologists
typically use GPS to
record their locations
during their field
work. This gives them
the exact location of a
particular animal or
group of animals and
then compiles the
data to keep track of
their migration
patterns. GPS also
allows zoologists to
travel to more remote
parts of the world
without getting lost.
c) Robo-Chick
c) The Robo-chick is a
more recent device
used by zoologists to
study penguins in
Antarctica, specifically.
Due to the penguins’
tendency to scurry
away from foreign
objects such as
monitors, Dr Yvon Le
Maho of the University
of Strasbourg put an
antenna on a fourwheel drive device and
covered it with
feathers to resemble
that of a baby penguin.
The Robo-Chick is
used to monitor and
record penguins’
heartrates.
7.
Botany
a) Genome sequencing a) It is a process used to
determine the genetic
make-up of a plant. It
is used for breeding,
conservation, and
identifying plant
genetics.
b) Electron
microscopy
b) It is used to investigate specimens of a
plant, including its
cytoplasm, nucleus,
and organelles. It is
also used to observe
the cell divisions of a
plant.
c) Spectroscopy
8.
Biotechnology
c) It is a technique used
to measure the
amount of chlorophyll
in the leaf to predict
trends in
photosynthesis.
a) Aptamer Biosensors a) Since the 1960s,
biosensor-based
detectors such as
glucose monitors,
pregnancy tests, and
heavy metal sensors
have been developed
and employed.
Aptamer biosensors
generate stable DNA
or RNA molecule that
are highly selective to
their target. Aptamers
may be the perfect
type of molecule for
environmental testing
or medical diagnostics
where sample
complexity is high.
b) 3-D Bio Printing
b) It is a technology that
can create various
human body parts,
such as heart valves,
skin, and cartilage, for
use in medicine by
using living cells. It
has the potential to
create drugs and pills,
as well as entire
organs like the heart
and liver, grown from
a person’s body cells.
c) Bioplastics
c) These are
biodegradable
materials derived
from renewable
sources that can be
used to address the
problem of plastic
trash, which
contaminates and
pollutes the
environment. It is a
great alternative to
traditional plastics
since it is less toxic
and reduces carbon
footprint.
9.
Mycology
a) Fungi Mutarium
a) It is an at-home
system where plastic
can be placed in
capsules with oyster
mushrooms to be
broken down and
transformed into food.
b) It is a protein made
b) Mycoprotein
from Fusarium
Venenatum, a
naturally occurring
fungus that is an
increasingly popular
alternative to meat
because of its
favorable amino acid
profile and texture.
Moreover, the
production of micro
proteins uses much
less land and energy
than meat production,
which contributes to
pollution and climate
change.
c) Fungal Foams
c) Fungal growth offers a
cheap and
environmentally
friendly way to bind
agricultural
byproducts such as
rice hulls, sugarcane
bagasse, and wheat
straw into
biodegradable and
carbon-neutral foams.
10. Ornithology
a) Numbered Leg
Bands
a) First used to indicate
that a bird was a
messenger, it is now
used as a sign of
identification of
certain birds in terms
of breed, sex, age, or
even ownership.
b) Radar
c) Microphones and
Recorders
11. Entomology
b) Used as a tracking
device which allows us
to detect density,
location, direction, and
speed of movement,
giving a glimpse of
major migratory
movements.
c) It is originally invented
as a telephone voice
transmitter. As of now,
high quality
microphones capture
every nuance of bird
song and they can get
responses from the
birds by playing the
recording in the field.
a) Aspirator
a) The aspirator is a vial
with two pieces of
tubing, one with a fine
screen material over
it. It is used to collect
small insects or
insects in hard-toreach places.
b) Hand Lens
b) It is a small device
used to magnify
something that an
entomologist is
looking at. Used to see
the anatomical details
of small insects.
c) Berlese Funnels
12. Parasitology
c) These are devices to
drive insects and
other arthropods out
of samples of leaf
litter. A large funnel is
placed on the mouth
of a jar, with a light
suspended above it.
The leaf litter is put in
the funnel. As insects
move away from the
heat and light, they
crawl down through
the funnel and into the
collecting jar.
a) Digital PCR
a) It is a new technology
developed for the
diagnosis of parasitic
infections; detection of
parasitic infections
and reveals possible
and most relevant
potential benefits.
b) Microarrays
b) A laboratory tool being
used for genetic
characterization and
identification of
parasites.
c) AI-Augmented Ova
and Parasite Assay
c) It is an artificial
intelligence
augmen-ted tool
that uses
convolutional neural
network that identifies ova and parasites using scanned
images of stool
samples. Inputting
massive amounts of
data is required for
the network to
recognize ova and
parasites from an
image.
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