CPH PRELIMS

#separator:tab #html:true #guid column:1 #notetype column:2 #deck column:3 #tags column:15 dYf_y$%Z?*BasicCPH PRELIMS"A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity."HEALTH fB,uI-H}cKBasicCPH PRELIMSHal means?HALE ; SOUND ; WHOLE vM)_b1FWuZBasicCPH PRELIMSTrue or False. A person can still feel well or good even with injuries or diseases.TRUE OrK%Q%Y<>SBasicCPH PRELIMS"A collective body of individuals identified by common characteristics such as geography, interests, experiences, concerns, or values."COMMUNITY da@3v}z]chBasicCPH PRELIMS"According to CEA Winslow, this is the science and art of preventing diseases, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private communities, and individuals."PUBLIC HEALTH uL|=DS7K1>BasicCPH PRELIMS3Ps in Public HealthPREVENT (DISEASES) PROLONG (LIFE) PROMOTE (GOOD HEALTH) "NA*|sOSuC#"BasicCPH PRELIMS"Prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by medical and allied health professions; also known as health care."CLINICAL CARE dM*1B5qpHeBasicCPH PRELIMSTrue or False Health care is not important than individual patient care.FALSE Health care is more important than individual patient care. "zvH9u23fO#"BasicCPH PRELIMS"Factor that contributes to the generation of a trait."DETERMINANT QG*Gn*=U.yBasicCPH PRELIMS"Occurrence in a community or region of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy"EPIDEMIC/OUTBREAK wx|U@=_2p:BasicCPH PRELIMS"Usually refers to a larger geographic distribution of illness or health-related events."EPIDEMIC JjAFbj@;c&BasicCPH PRELIMS"A disease or an illness that is usually present in a particular geographic area."ENDEMIC d&r:2id?g|BasicCPH PRELIMSA global problem.PANDEMIC g-dh)yo8vJBasicCPH PRELIMS"Result of a medical condition that directly affects the length or quality of a person’s life."HEALTH OUTCOME f)x<p*i*&wBasicCPH PRELIMS"Action or ministration that produces an effect or is intended to alter the course of a pathologic process."INTERVENTION JqX7janZdyBasicCPH PRELIMS"Denoting a disease affecting or attacking the population of an extensive region, country, or continent."PANDEMIC O|6L%>-N!`BasicCPH PRELIMS"Approach to health that aims to improve the health of an entire population."POPULATION HEALTH GUvLVTtrfvBasicCPH PRELIMS"Action so as to avoid, forestall, or circumvent a happening, conclusion, or phenomenon."PREVENTION "vp6*,#%@cq"BasicCPH PRELIMS"""As the nation's leader in health, we are committed to guarantee equitable, accessible, and quality health services for all Filipinos."""DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH sX/iNsR8sBBasicCPH PRELIMS"“Public health aims to provide maximum benefit for the largest number of people.”"WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ogsa>.J$:-BasicCPH PRELIMS"Focused on individual health rather than community/environmental health."EARLY CIVILIZATIONS N[{/ln]R(vBasicCPH PRELIMS"Archeological findings provide evidence of sewage disposal and written medical prescriptions."2000 BCE jmsq`L0r~2BasicCPH PRELIMS"Perhaps the earliest written record of public health was the Code of Hammurabi; included laws for physicians and health practices."CIRCA 1900  BCE "M7&Y*C#FV3"BasicCPH PRELIMS"Bible’s Book of Levictus written; includes guidlines for personal cleanliness and sanitation."CIRCA 1500 BCE pKM@,v9WnFBasicCPH PRELIMS"Evidence that Greekmen participated in games of strength and skill and swam in public facilities."5TH AND 6TH CENTURIES BCE J4WlFeTR&1BasicCPH PRELIMS"Greeks were involved in practice of community sanitation; involbed in obtaining water from sources far away and not just local wells."CLASSICAL CULTURES gXEd.Q*FFFBasicCPH PRELIMSClassical Cultures Era500 BCE TO 500 CE "K{w#TMv^H9"BasicCPH PRELIMSAncient Societies EraBEFORE 500 BCE ASaV=^T)pHBasicCPH PRELIMS"Romans were community minded; improved on community sanitation of Greeks; built sewer systems; created regulation for building construction, refuse removal, and street cleaning and repair; created hospitals as infirmaries for slaves."CLASSICAL CULTURES Hy~+e5JqB~BasicCPH PRELIMS"Christians created hospitals as benevolent charitable organizations."CLASSICAL CULTURES t+oM2W3QrjBasicCPH PRELIMS"Roman Empire fell and most public health activites ceased."476 CE Ii=8:u5YARBasicCPH PRELIMS"The spiritual era of public health; epidemics were more rampant especially with communicable diseases (e.g. bubonic plague, leprosy, smallpox, TB, syphilis, etc.)"MIDDLE AGES xno~DmJ-sGBasicCPH PRELIMSMiddle Ages Era500 TO 1500 CE fJj:>pA}EsBasicCPH PRELIMSMedicines and vaccines are not yet fully available; No advanced technologies yet.MIDDLE AGES wmr10lr)EnBasicCPH PRELIMS"Growing revulsion for Roman materialism and a growth of spirituality; health problems were considered to have both spiritual causes and spiritual solutions, a time referred to as the spiritual era of public health."DARK AGES (500-1000 CE) "EG~GebNc#C"BasicCPH PRELIMS"Occurred in 543 C.E. and 1348 C.E. This one killed 25 million; half of population of London lost and in some parts of France only 1 in 10 survived."THE PLAGUE ; BLACK DEATH Ov<E.z2j^,BasicCPH PRELIMSMore than 19.000 leper houses.1200 CE "w_j?#1_e$Z"BasicCPH PRELIMS"Syphilis epidemic was last epidemic of the period."1492 CE IT;e7ZGA*!BasicCPH PRELIMS"People believed that diseases were caused by the environment; the theory of disease causation was developed along with the epidemiological triad"RENAISSANCE AND EXPLORATION PERIOD "Fys#20[/?c"BasicCPH PRELIMSRenaissance and Exploration Era1500 TO 1700 CE qP%eczoD]/BasicCPH PRELIMSThe Epidemiological TriadHOST AGENT THE ENVIRONMENT fqnVR1hKB4BasicCPH PRELIMSThe term malaria means?BAD AIR nk!0rXz.s%BasicCPH PRELIMSThe meaning bad air from the term malaria is a direct reference to?HUMID OR SWAMPY AIR tHsj(?D[JEBasicCPH PRELIMSWhen did John Graunt publish the Observations on the Bills of Mortality?1662 uQ!v/QHjXBBasicCPH PRELIMSWho published the Observations on the Bills of Mortality? This is also the beginning of vital statistics.JOHN GRAUNT cD[d9w?Z}vBasicCPH PRELIMSHow many people was killed during the plague epidemic?68, 596 (15% OF THE POPULATION) ErzFmEciw`BasicCPH PRELIMSWhen and where did the plague epidemic occured?LONDON IN 1665 y0;8%[-T6mBasicCPH PRELIMSMain issues revolved around water and sanitation; Industrial revolution.18TH CENTURY (1700s) A^/pPlr;}GBasicCPH PRELIMSFirst U.S. census1790 i*;;:JtOR4BasicCPH PRELIMSYellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia1793 xxPk]TlhHkBasicCPH PRELIMS"Dr. Edward Jenner successfully demonstrated small pox vaccination."1796 lLM}w&C)sjBasicCPH PRELIMS"Marine Hospital Service (forerunner to U.S. Public Health Service) was formed."1798 fTC__sid_wBasicCPH PRELIMS"Several of America’s largest cities, including Boston, Philadelphia, New York, and Baltimore, had municipal boards of health."1799 GQw9xyG`FIBasicCPH PRELIMS"U.S. government’s approach to health was laissez faire (i.e., noninterference)."FIRST HALF OF 19TH CENTURY pR9lXWF^.vBasicCPH PRELIMSFirst visiting nurse in United States.1813 I<d{Cz1r,XBasicCPH PRELIMS"Epidemics continued in cities of Europe and America but new discoveries were made that address the health needs of each community; considered as the modern era of public health."19TH CENTURY rX+t@g`8+1BasicCPH PRELIMSLondon cholera epidemics.1849; 1854 ip7zS$ll0XBasicCPH PRELIMSModern era of public health begins ; Shattuck’s report was published.1850 I>~{-:WN5jBasicCPH PRELIMS"Snow had pump handle removed from Broad Street pump"1854 e?Br*v+EG&BasicCPH PRELIMSPasteur proposed germ theory1863 BN~Ip5Om.`BasicCPH PRELIMSAmerican Public Health Association founded1872 Py92w@;F%sBasicCPH PRELIMSBacteriological period of public health1875-1900 "h&klw(F#-R"BasicCPH PRELIMS"Koch established relationship between a particular microbe and a particular disease."1876 Ku]D.Dhe73BasicCPH PRELIMS"Reed announced that yellow fever was transmitted by mosquitos."1900 "b</#a%XKcz"BasicCPH PRELIMSPeriod of Health Promotion1974-PRESENT ed/j5:Wn74BasicCPH PRELIMS"Nixon’s unsuccessful attempt at national health care program ; A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians published."1974 "J#vF$B#@=n"BasicCPH PRELIMS"Health Information and Health Promotion Act passed."1976 g(9X%G/bkABasicCPH PRELIMSHealthy People published.1979 zd1J[,)rMXBasicCPH PRELIMS"Promoting Health/Preventing Disease: Objectives of the Nation was published."1980 g45llc|SwNBasicCPH PRELIMSHealthy People 2000 was published.1990 xe>0oQAT<~BasicCPH PRELIMS"Clinton’s unsuccessful attempt at a national health care programs."1997 nUU<A0GOMJBasicCPH PRELIMSHealthy People 2010 was published.2000 vnDCRcF?NBBasicCPH PRELIMSAffordable Care Act becomes law ; Health People 2020 published.2010 C}^ge/,ARMBasicCPH PRELIMS"Communicable diseases were the main issue (e.g. influenza, pneumonia, tuberculosis, gastrointestinal diseases, etc.) as national laws around the world were made to address these health concerns"20TH CENTURY n)rJ-pZNFGBasicCPH PRELIMS"Main focuses were on healthcare delivery, policies, accessibility, environmental problems, drug and alcohol abuse, health disparities, and disasters"21ST CENTURY w]XmzGf(52BasicCPH PRELIMS"Greeks and Romans practice community sanitation measures."500 BC J:Hyb_8*M1BasicCPH PRELIMS"The Public Health Act of 1848 was established in the United Kingdom."1840s pU}KitI));BasicCPH PRELIMS"The Environmental Protection Agency was founded"1970 d:=/$[Zh3lBasicCPH PRELIMS"It protects human health by safeguarding air, water, land, and things that people consume."ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA) uE_dtXAz)eBasicCPH PRELIMSThis pandemic has 500 million infected worldwide in 1918.INFLUENCE / SPANISH FLU K1_46,FBdVBasicCPH PRELIMS"Vaccine of this pandemic was introduced in 1955; eradication initiative launched in 1988."POLIO "G!#KSeSLoX"BasicCPH PRELIMS"34 million living with pandemic worldwide; 20% decline in new infections since 200."HIV  "QTPja;/#1i"BasicCPH PRELIMSThis pandemic has 300M+ case and 5M+ deaths.COVID-19 bQ0]3]e{w-BasicCPH PRELIMS"Plague used as a weapon of war during the Siege of Kaffa"BIOLOGICAL WARFARE M$;tATa.:{BasicCPH PRELIMS"Public health surveillance conducted after the 9/11 attacks"SEPTEMBER 2001 jVH]OpMi?HBasicCPH PRELIMS"Emergency services, public health surveillance, and disease treatment provided"HURRICANE KATRINA "vZBXd:]Zk#"BasicCPH PRELIMS"In public health, after identifying the underlying causes and problems, this will be made."POLICY / GUIDELINES yFmrLR|R>fBasicCPH PRELIMSThe world’s first written health codeBOOK OF LEVICTUS bli9pVlka}BasicCPH PRELIMSLaws banning smoking in public placesTOBACCO LAWS FY+vBNQcr?BasicCPH PRELIMS"Food labeling and promotion of physical activity."OBESITY CoB=tf9sDkBasicCPH PRELIMS"Ancient Filipinos regarded health as a harmonious relationship with the environment, both natural and supernatural."PRE-SPANISH ERA (BEFORE 1565) ot^qO,-BrBasicCPH PRELIMS"Mediators between the physical and spiritual world. They are mainly women (healers, priestess, leaders)"BABAYLANS y}_l7smw.MBasicCPH PRELIMSWhat does Filipinos utilize as medicines?PLANTS rI>KRs}z=SBasicCPH PRELIMS"Developing illnesses were believed to be caused by disharmony with the spiritual world; in order to restore health, one must praise the Gods"PRE-SPANISH ERA (BEFORE 1565) N=EM9pfzSUBasicCPH PRELIMSThis represent early medical healthcare in the Spanish era.SAN LAZARO CHURCH AND HOSTPITAL zomIe]>1^cBasicCPH PRELIMS"Establishment and administration of some of the first health institutions in the country were accomplished by Spanish Friars."SPANISH ERA (1565-1898) e9j&LrqSbaBasicCPH PRELIMSCreation of Hospitals and Medical institutionsSPANISH ERA  yoMQQ1Ft7DBasicCPH PRELIMS1st Hospital in the Philippines.HOSPITAL REAL I<0>XU?dXnBasicCPH PRELIMSWhere did Hospital Real buil and relocated?BUILT IN CEBU ; RELOCATED IN MANILA NHg|?P`|U/BasicCPH PRELIMSWho wanted the Hospital Real?THE ROYAL FAMILY l8(*%frKY4BasicCPH PRELIMSWho funded the Hospital Real?KING PHILLIP II f3HIS1dOuNBasicCPH PRELIMSThis is the oldest hospital in San Lazaro.HOSPITAL DE NATURALES EG<C)e`zCiAllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSAll hospitals in the following was built during the Spanish Era EXCEPT:2Hospital dela MisericordiaHospital San GabrielSan Juan de DiosUniversity of Santo TomasThe Philippine General Hospital0 0 0 0 1 jD|@9C{b;,BasicCPH PRELIMSWhen did the smallpox (bolotong) epidemic began?1574 p!|gx)m_cCBasicCPH PRELIMSWho granted the Filipinos access to the smallpox vaccine shortly after the epidemic?DR. FRANCISCO DE BALMIS KttNiusqp)BasicCPH PRELIMSMalaria, dengue, and schistosomiasis were considered as endemic in what country?CHINA rnxhm:^Z1iBasicCPH PRELIMSWho brought endemics from Southern China to the Philippines?TRADERS u1`L?ja5%|BasicCPH PRELIMS"More medical benefits were given to the Filipinos such as building more hospitals and implementing prevention measures for diseases."AMERICAN PERIOD Rik@6uE$H!BasicCPH PRELIMS"True or False. Americans made sure that more Filipinos to be vaccinated."TRUE HdyeKxsra-BasicCPH PRELIMS"Control of infectious diseases like smallpox, cholera, and plague ; First crematorium and cremation of bodies was advocated."AMERICAN PERIOD (1898-1918) H{Y6s.?Ke$BasicCPH PRELIMSBoard of Health for Philippine Islands1901 if9,,l(W.3BasicCPH PRELIMSAnti-tubercolosis campaign ooccured.AMERICAN PERIOD ez,fFb_n6rBasicCPH PRELIMSUP College of Medicine was openedAMERICAN PERIOD EHs8uppZ(eBasicCPH PRELIMSThe Mandation of Public HealthFILIPINZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES s6CÙLnA:rBasicCPH PRELIMS"This was created to formalize US commitment towards giving the Filipinos their freedom which gave rise to the Philippine Health Service"THE JONES LAW fxU*tu:~JaBasicCPH PRELIMSProceeding the Jones Law, a hospital, now known as Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, was establishedNORTH GENERAL HOSPITAL m-gC%&,<cHBasicCPH PRELIMS"Increased mortality and morbidity rates for infectious diseases (malaria, tuberculosis, etc.) due to armed conflict between Filipinos and Americans"FILIPINIZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES (1918-1941) dc1iW~U*@oBasicCPH PRELIMS"Shortage of doctors and nurses as well as the setting up of traveling x-ray and TB clinics were some notable events"FILIPINIZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES Kb2MzqjVN@BasicCPH PRELIMS"He advocated for the need to give more attention to public health and sanitation which led to the establishment of health and puericulture centers (hygiene for children)."MAJOR GENERAL LEONARD WOOD xx}]).`Ro-BasicCPH PRELIMS"Training was provided to address the long-standing need of Filipino healthcare workers"FILIPINIZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES vw[HKSfW]9BasicCPH PRELIMSThe Philippine Medical School was founded in what year?1905 g:F8rfR@e2BasicCPH PRELIMS"He abolished the Philippine Health Service, the Office of the Public Welfare Commissioner, and the TB Commission and put them all under the Bureau of Health and Public Welfare in 1932"PRESIDENT THEODORE ROOSEVELT LGd9|Fma2*BasicCPH PRELIMSWhat segregated island was established for people with leprosy?CULION e6ep5pD!LkBasicCPH PRELIMSHealth promotion and education was also highlighted during his termFILIPINIZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES h?jOj!_gh(BasicCPH PRELIMS"He was elected as the Commissioner of Public Health and Welfare which led to the decrease of water-borne disease incidents due to the creation of water filtration services in Manila."DR. JOSE FABELLA BE/SM}`<oHBasicCPH PRELIMS"Incidence of tuberculosis, malaria, and severe malnutrition increased among the lower classes."JAPANESE OCCUPATION (1942-1945) F47_&aprYRBasicCPH PRELIMS"Over 5,000 previously segregated lepers escaped in search of food. ; Food and medicines were scarce. Infectious diseases became rampant."JAPANESE OCCUPATION kP,ydzYk8*BasicCPH PRELIMS"High cases of infectious diseases, widespread malnutrition, destruction of health facilities, disastrous public sanitation"1945-1946 e=ms%/&DG}BasicCPH PRELIMS"This was created to study problems of public health and sanitation and to make recommendations for their improvement and the promotion of medical research."NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL pn7S^QccUBasicCPH PRELIMS"He made sure that National Advisory Council is available to identify health problems."MANUEL ROXAS m0IB*d&GL*BasicCPH PRELIMS"This is in charge of all city health offices including the Bureau of Health, the Bureau of Quarantine, and a new division, the Bureau of Hospitals"DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH M.k?eciznCBasicCPH PRELIMS"What year did transfer of WHO from Hongkong to Philippines occured?"1950s rG[vv2[_coBasicCPH PRELIMSConcerned in family planningUSAID C[.KL?3mt3BasicCPH PRELIMSConcerned in campaigning against tuberculosisUNICEF dl-LJs8]1[BasicCPH PRELIMS"Mass vaccination of BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin) especially for children"1952 PS6fhjcjv6BasicCPH PRELIMS"Healthcare for the masses established Rural Health Units for every municipality"MAGSAYSAY ADMINISTRATION (1953-1957) IC*uS??dpRAllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSAll is under Macapagal Administration in 1961-1965 EXCEPT:2Food, Drug, and Cosmetics ActNone of the choices"National Water and Air Pollution Control Commission""National Schistosomiasis Control Commission"FDA0 1 0 0 0 QO!_>Fuk2>BasicCPH PRELIMSPhilippine Medical Care Act of 1969 was established during this administrationMARCOS ADMINISTRATION g0g~oEd9O|BasicCPH PRELIMS"This was designed to extend healthcare of Filipinos’ within the nations economic means and capabilities"MEDICARE / PHILIPPINE MEDICAL CARE ACT OF 1969 AB473FACi?AllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSThe following are objectives of Medicare EXCEPT?2To pay for certain medical needs."All Filipinos can avail healthcare services from private institutions."To give unlimited food, water, and sanitary products to Filipinos.Extension of financial assistance.0 0 1 0 NoKC+1qM}cBasicCPH PRELIMSPopulation Commision and Medical Technology Act was establishedMARCOS ADMINISTRATION nlEoycl=XkBasicCPH PRELIMSMedical Technology ActRA 5527 G2}Pn?o@1jClozeCPH PRELIMSClassification of Health Services are {{c1::Primary}}, {{c1::Secondary}}, and {{c1::Tertiary}}. raG;<n~SEWBasicCPH PRELIMSCreation of Barangay Health StationsMARTIAL LAW d[(Ux;n76RBasicCPH PRELIMS"This program requires doctors and nurses should work in rural areas for 6 months."RURAL HEALTH PRACTICE PROGRAM (MARTIAL LAW) k>5=Aaf|(~AllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSEstablished during Martial Law years EXCEPT?2National Nutrition ProgramCreation of PCMCCreation of Heart Center and Lung CenterCreation of NKTIHealth Sector Reform Agenda0 0 0 0 1 $2l}D}>{-BasicCPH PRELIMS"The principles behind PHC were accessibility, community participation, health promotion, the use of appropriate technology and a multi-sectoral approach"PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FOR ALL vXkT0P,M4{BasicCPH PRELIMSIncrease in health budgetAQUINO ADMINISTRATION gfvnRY}Q}FBasicCPH PRELIMSThe Milk CodeAQUINO ADMINISTRATION "stvyO5^S#@"BasicCPH PRELIMSField Epidemiology Training ProgramAQUINO ADMINISTRATION BL+.wQb16hBasicCPH PRELIMSGenerics Drug ActAQUINO ADMINISTRATION j5TB<5/omwBasicCPH PRELIMSMagna Carta for Public Health WorkersAQUINO ADMINISTRATION v2:%%pL0iRBasicCPH PRELIMS"Ensures that mothers have proper knowledge about breastfeeding"THE MILK CODE HNAid>@1r.BasicCPH PRELIMSMother of cheaper medicine actGENERICS DRUG ACT uR]11rbjf&BasicCPH PRELIMSOplan Alis Disease: Ceasefire for ChildrenFIDEL RAMOS AND JUAN FLAVIER fP$d7xFdNLBasicCPH PRELIMSDoctors to the Barrios Program ; Yosi KadiriFIDEL RAMOS AND JUAN FLAVIER r}Y:8ZcX47BasicCPH PRELIMS"Strategic and Tactical Options for the Prevention of Disaster, Epidemics and Trauma (STOP D.E.A.T.H)"FIDEL RAMOS AND JUAN FLAVIER "yuSQr.!7#J"BasicCPH PRELIMSTubig, Kubeta, Oresol (TKO): Kontra KoleraFIDEL RAMOS AND JUAN FLAVIER "n5nKHe#TCl"BasicCPH PRELIMS"Araw ng Sangkap Pinoy and Family Planning: Kung Sila’y Mahal N’yo, Magplano"FIDEL RAMOS AND JUAN FLAVIER KGD&{?A:/(BasicCPH PRELIMSASIN LawFIDEL RAMOS AND JUAN FLAVIER rx;<.Kx%&CBasicCPH PRELIMSNational Blood Services Act of 1994 ; National Health Insurance Act of 1995FIDEL RAMOS AND JUAN FLAVIER "c<,^3#)KiI"BasicCPH PRELIMSProgram for voluntary blood donationNATIONAL BLOOD SERVICES ACT OF 1994 j~0S)_6x0FBasicCPH PRELIMSAka PhilHealthNATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE ACT OF 1995 N&vw^[-p_rBasicCPH PRELIMSIodized salt with the DOH LogoASIN LAW A-OmA=ZGv`BasicCPH PRELIMS"First female secretary of health"DR. CARMENCITA REODICA iufm;mBYj9BasicCPH PRELIMS"Early Childhood Development Program ; Botika ng Barangay ; Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of 1997"DR. CARMENCITA REODICA "e<Mu#X`y[o"BasicCPH PRELIMSHealth Sector Reform AgendaESTRADA ADMINISTRATION N]d4P7i@{3BasicCPH PRELIMSNational Health PassportESTRADA ADMINISTRATION e0!fH,+L:{BasicCPH PRELIMS"Oks and Oks Mass Treatment of Schistosomiasis"ESTRADA ADMINISTRATION kA9m$hRyE~BasicCPH PRELIMSRabies Elimination Program in the VisayasESTRADA ADMINISTRATION cgxI/u3,M$BasicCPH PRELIMS"TB Directly Observed Treatment-Short Course program (TB- DOTS)"ARROYO ADMINISTRATION v<(F^J@8h`BasicCPH PRELIMS"SARS Outbreak: Five Strategic Action on SARS"ARROYO ADMINISTRATION OCSfb1aVttBasicCPH PRELIMS"FOURmula ONE for Health: healthcare financing, regulation, service delivery, and governance"ARROYO ADMINISTRATION F)qxn)%f)]BasicCPH PRELIMS"Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act"ARROYO ADMINISTRATION "ivDk44Wef#"BasicCPH PRELIMS"Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN) Strategy"ARROYO ADMINISTRATION m`,TwE11OhBasicCPH PRELIMSReproductive Health LawNINOY AQUINO G58ecN0g1PBasicCPH PRELIMSResponsible Parenthood ActNINOY AQUINO ;1]}F3.liBasicCPH PRELIMSResponsible Parenthood Act promotes what?USE OF CONTRACEPTIVES xWtxOXwBSZBasicCPH PRELIMSUniversal Health Care ActDUTERTE ADMINISTRATION Kbs8:qwvP`BasicCPH PRELIMSPhilippine Mental Health LawDUTERTE ADMINISTRATION s=*m=Ofj~bBasicCPH PRELIMSBayanihan To Heal As One ActDUTERTE ADMINISTRATION vz`=/X%&KJBasicCPH PRELIMS"It deals with preventive rather than curative aspects of health."PUBLIC HEALTH c$:7Gz*fq!BasicCPH PRELIMS"It deals with population level-rather than individual-level health issues"PUBLIC HEALTH Nf{%PC(K,ABasicCPH PRELIMSSecurity centered aspect of Public Health.PREVENTIVE x%L,}5~N0mBasicCPH PRELIMSIndividually centered aspect of Public Health.CURATIVE {/,8?>&1+BasicCPH PRELIMS"Public Health approach where monitoring of health events within the community is practiced."SURVEILLANCE $O5i([5][BasicCPH PRELIMSFigure out what causes the problemRISK FACTOR IDENTIFICATION OY`SOxN>+kBasicCPH PRELIMS"Identifying the ways you can address the problems"INTERVENTION EVALUATION c-j}?Z*d9vBasicCPH PRELIMS"Consideration of the factors (e.g. budget, money, resources)"IMPLEMENTATION LTqna3vpb+AllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSTrue about Public Health Approach (can be more than 1):1To confirm the presence of a diseaseIt is an unending cycleData collection never stopsTo find out if the problem has been solved or if it is effective0 1 1 1 o1P-0r:LROClozeCPH PRELIMSCorrect steps of a Public Health Approach: ➔ {{c1::Surveillance}} ➔ {{c1::Risk Factor Identification}} ➔ {{c1::Intervention Evaluation}} ➔ {{c1::Implementation}} jKo;kO{kUSBasicCPH PRELIMSStudy of occurrence of a disease; To confirm the presence of a diseaseEPIDEMIOLOGY KT)[)$CNktImage Occlusion EnhancedCPH PRELIMS223eab3720aa493f8f0d59ca9ee1043c-ao-1Identify the element of Public Health."<img src=""paste-071dc93c0c5b7502c02c0d404b6281efef5bd9a5.jpg"">""<img src=""223eab3720aa493f8f0d59ca9ee1043c-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""223eab3720aa493f8f0d59ca9ee1043c-ao-1-A.svg"">""<img src=""223eab3720aa493f8f0d59ca9ee1043c-ao-O.svg"" />" fnXZ:3*EÎmage Occlusion EnhancedCPH PRELIMS223eab3720aa493f8f0d59ca9ee1043c-ao-2Identify the element of Public Health."<img src=""paste-071dc93c0c5b7502c02c0d404b6281efef5bd9a5.jpg"" />""<img src=""223eab3720aa493f8f0d59ca9ee1043c-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""223eab3720aa493f8f0d59ca9ee1043c-ao-2-A.svg"">""<img src=""223eab3720aa493f8f0d59ca9ee1043c-ao-O.svg"" />" L=iI9WlHsRImage Occlusion EnhancedCPH PRELIMS223eab3720aa493f8f0d59ca9ee1043c-ao-3Identify the element of Public Health."<img src=""paste-071dc93c0c5b7502c02c0d404b6281efef5bd9a5.jpg"" />""<img src=""223eab3720aa493f8f0d59ca9ee1043c-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""223eab3720aa493f8f0d59ca9ee1043c-ao-3-A.svg"">""<img src=""223eab3720aa493f8f0d59ca9ee1043c-ao-O.svg"" />" n>P7$yUmF~Image Occlusion EnhancedCPH PRELIMS223eab3720aa493f8f0d59ca9ee1043c-ao-4Identify the element of Public Health."<img src=""paste-071dc93c0c5b7502c02c0d404b6281efef5bd9a5.jpg"" />""<img src=""223eab3720aa493f8f0d59ca9ee1043c-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""223eab3720aa493f8f0d59ca9ee1043c-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""223eab3720aa493f8f0d59ca9ee1043c-ao-O.svg"" />" LH18SgH^Q(Image Occlusion EnhancedCPH PRELIMS223eab3720aa493f8f0d59ca9ee1043c-ao-5Identify the element of Public Health."<img src=""paste-071dc93c0c5b7502c02c0d404b6281efef5bd9a5.jpg"">""<img src=""223eab3720aa493f8f0d59ca9ee1043c-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""223eab3720aa493f8f0d59ca9ee1043c-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""223eab3720aa493f8f0d59ca9ee1043c-ao-O.svg"" />" OW!XJ/R!@}BasicCPH PRELIMS"A fatal intestinal disease, was rampant during the early 1800s in London, causing death to tens of thousands of people in the area. It was commonly thought to be caused by bad air from rotting organic matter"CHOLERA uohBn3+c$OBasicCPH PRELIMS"A physician that is best known for his work tracing the source of the cholera outbreak."JOHN SNOW GuH<353;x<BasicCPH PRELIMSConsidered as the Father of Modern EpidemiologyJOHN SNOW Ej0<1i7?iBBasicCPH PRELIMS"Identify the picture shown. <img src=""paste-9bbc39f358aac516aa01078c6246b1804f96410b.jpg"">"CLUSTER OF CHOLERA CASES IN LONDON (1854) "H?Uk+7j&>#"BasicCPH PRELIMSWhat caused the cholera outbreak?CONTAMINATED WATER PUMPS y^F9JCDM^cAllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSAll are interventions Snow used for the cholera outbreak EXCEPT:2"Stop exposure to the contaminated water supply on a larger scale""Stop exposure to the entire supply of contaminated water in the area""Built infrastracture/facilities to adress the needs of people"0 0 1 LLr6-ehj]wBasicCPH PRELIMS"True or False. John Snow’s research convinced the British government that the source of cholera was water contaminated with sewage."TRUE srX0@pT@!vBasicCPH PRELIMS"Which statement is true/false? John Snow removed the handle so that no one could continue to draw water from the contaminated water pump again. Since the handle is where the organism comes from, that causes cholera."BOTH STATEMENTS ARE TRUE dw=$pEaCq}BasicCPH PRELIMS"Systematically collect, analyze, and make available information on healthy communities."ASSESSMENT qKoj)T<SOQBasicCPH PRELIMSTrue or False. Data gathering will eventually stop.FALSE Data gather NEVER STOPS. G!Kiru%65>BasicCPH PRELIMS"Promote the use of a scientific knowledge base in policy and decision making"POLICY GdP3$u5=kEBasicCPH PRELIMSEnsure provision of services to those in need; An anchor to the public health approach.ASSURANCE Hx$j(,-4&!BasicCPH PRELIMS"True or False. Assurance makes sure that the policies created will benefit those in need."TRUE MkuCQ3e5[1BasicCPH PRELIMS"Assess and monitor the population health status, factors that influence health, and the like."MONITOR HEALTH Ljn<Hw)hVbBasicCPH PRELIMS"Addressing health and hazards affecting the population."DIAGNOSE AND INVESTIGATE iAc>7=k-GRBasicCPH PRELIMS"Communicate effectively the findings to the people ; All the collected information are properly channeled"INFORM, EDUCATE, EMPOWER (2 Es, 1 I) g]R6MyVIgYBasicCPH PRELIMS"Strengthen, support and mobilize communities and partnerships"MOBILIZE COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP Yc-EnhWn$BasicCPH PRELIMSLaws have to be properly implementedENFORCE LAWS eKz)Z.=^nOBasicCPH PRELIMSLast part of the Ten Essential Public Health ServicesEVALUATE AND RESEARCH h=),~GyF(IAllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSChoose part/s of Ten Essential Public Health Service:1Develop PoliciesLink to/Provide CareSupporting funds of employeesEnsure the Condition for Population HealthAssure a Competent Workforce1 1 0 1 1 M7{t&<Cu1-BasicCPH PRELIMS"The people in this are should be educated properly."COMMUNITY Mn.Zt{7N=%BasicCPH PRELIMS"To make sure that the findings are easily addressed by the health sectors"CLINICAL CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM "P#V=M$3zjh"BasicCPH PRELIMS"To build infrastracture/facilities to adress the needs of people"GOVERNMENT PUBLIC HEALTH INFRASTRACTURE x{);uhV=>`BasicCPH PRELIMSSchools are part of this partner in PHSACADEMIA mSfqRL%4keBasicCPH PRELIMSDissemination of informationMEDIA x3G3XHn{ITBasicCPH PRELIMSThey are a partner in the PHS to support fundsEMPLOYERS AND BUSINESSES l*Lz$=y=$NBasicCPH PRELIMSEnsures the Conditions for Population HealthPARTNERS IN THE PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM F6TI*&ZR)pBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Public Health or Health Care. Population FocusPUBLIC HEALTH Fqx*Qd@&;uBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Public Health or Health Care. Public health ethicsPUBLIC HEALTH "rQ#8I#>FV3"BasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Public Health or Health Care. Prevention or public health emphasisPUBLIC HEALTH kr1eHXdyAgBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Public Health or Health Care. Joint laboratory and field involvementPUBLIC HEALTH E_0$+)@VIuBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Public Health or Health Care. Clinical scieces peripheral to professional trainingPUBLIC HEALTH dL:C=:$SmGBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Public Health or Health Care. Public sector basis Ept2D}I~<!BasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Public Health or Health Care. Focuses on communityPUBLIC HEALTH w;hhd7ZRTGBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Public Health or Health Care. Focuses on individualsHEALTH CARE nKXK+0BL4eBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Public Health or Health Care. Private sector basisHEALTH CARE O6e)C/=~!^BasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Public Health or Health Care. Clinical sciences essential to professional trainingPUBLIC HEALTH xkdlZOJ*@2BasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Public Health or Health Care. Joint laboratory and patient involvementHEALTH CARE rG%+F?k(qgBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Public Health or Health Care. Diagnosis and treatment emphasisHEALTH CARE PYJG1Fa=:=BasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Public Health or Health Care. Personal service ethicsHEALTH CARE CRJ5;KXX>BBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Public Health or Health Care. Individual patient focusHEALTH CARE "Jy4fJ[#`[i"BasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify what partner/s in the Public Health. Vehicle for public discourseMEDIA ea%>=mGUwnBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify what partner/s in the Public Health. Health education and promotionMEDIA ntBf*f.qFdBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify what partner/s in the Public Health. Health communicationMEDIA t2^`$z*5]OBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify what partner/s in the Public Health. Social media as catalystMEDIA u9/~e{Y|h,BasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify what partner/s in the Public Health. Employer-sponsored health insurance programsEMPLOYERS AND BUSINESSES L}h+q%51UoBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify what partner/s in the Public Health. Wellness initiative and benefitsEMPLOYERS AND BUSINESSES C$:Bzo3DcoBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify what partner/s in the Public Health. Healthy workplaces and communitiesEMPLOYERS AND BUSINESSES d^GV-vH-PoBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify what partner/s in the Public Health. City planningGOVERNMENT AGENCIES wEOIcof)|BBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify what partner/s in the Public Health. EducationGOVERNMENT AGENCIES ; ACADEMIA xcM|!^yt%1BasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify what partner/s in the Public Health. Health in all policiesGOVERNMENT AGENCIES O,P*D**V]LBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify what partner/s in the Public Health. TrainingACADEMIA eZ(HTas_XcBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify what partner/s in the Public Health. ResearchACADEMIA ug[Xdk:AcgBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify what partner/s in the Public Health. Public ServiceACADEMIA w{j]ZoKoefBasicCPH PRELIMS"Estimated 8.1 million children die each year before their 5th birthday (current statistic) ; an approximate 2 million decrease occurred between 2001-2010"REDUCTIONS IN CHILD MORTALITY m>xG5iEiYpBasicCPH PRELIMS"Around 2.5 million deaths were prevented each year among children younger than 5 through the help of vaccines against measles, polio, and diptheria-tetanus-pertussis"VACCINE-PREVENTABLE DISEASES yn!_de,p3rBasicCPH PRELIMS"The proportion of the world which received improved drinking water sources increased from 83% to 87% ; proportion with access to improved sanitation increased from 58% to 61%"ACCESS TO SAFE WATER AND SANITATION L_ED7BF{-$BasicCPH PRELIMSA 21% decrease in global malaria deaths occurred between 2000-2009MALARIA PREVENTION AND CONTROL "bH5s[#94{e"BasicCPH PRELIMS"Reduction of new infections was aided by expanded condom availability, sterile injection equipment, improved blood and safety, and antiretroviral therapy (ART)"PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF HIV/AIDS n3dAdw<t1IBasicCPH PRELIMS"Case detection and treatment success rates have risen to 20% and prevalence declining in every region"TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL fq]83~C]l(BasicCPH PRELIMS"Programs for dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease) and onchocerciasis (river blindness) in America are on the verge of success while lymphatic fibriasis programs are making progress"CONTROL OF NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES e5^//[M_pcBasicCPH PRELIMS"After 168 countries adopted WHO’s first global health treaty against tobacco, 163 countries tracked tobacco use using surveys and have since observed an increase in global population covered by smoke-free laws"TOBACCO CONTROL CC>,BO9jqJBasicCPH PRELIMS"A global effort was made to create plans to reduce the forecasted growth in road fatalities"INCREASES AWARENESS AND RESPONSE FOR IMPROVING GLOBAL ROAD SAFETY P5lRtj];qABasicCPH PRELIMS"Modernization of international legal framework, better disease surveillance, better public health networking, and better disease detection systems"IMPROVED PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE TO GLOBAL HEALTH THREATS ONaM$A6Z<[BasicCPH PRELIMSA Guinea worm diseaseDRACUNCULIASIS EHxA?1d|>@BasicCPH PRELIMSAlso called a river blindessONCHOCERCIASIS bqJWmsUo}_BasicCPH PRELIMSPrevention, treatment, and management of illnessesHEALTHCARE n{0UTDE|ZQBasicCPH PRELIMSTrue or False. Healthcare is about preservation of mental health through services offered by health professions. It also embraces all goods and services designed to promote health.TRUE "Ntz,l5mQ#F"BasicCPH PRELIMSInternational conference in Primary Healthcare that was held by the WHO and UNICEF from September 6 to 12, 1978.ALMA ATA DECLARATION P:W@Twvs|RBasicCPH PRELIMS"It is caused by existing gross inequality in health status of people; people have the right and duty to participate individually and collectively."ALMA ATA DECLARATION JlpKG&.E6SAllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSTrue about the Alma Ata Declaration EXCEPT:2promote primary health care concepts and evaluate present healthcare situationsdefine principlesdefine government and organizational rolesformulate recommendations for developmentnone of the choices0 0 0 0 1 s:}HBssbM1BasicCPH PRELIMS"Includes empowered patient involvement in terms of making educated decisions"PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PeCEr^c:5bBasicCPH PRELIMSAcceptable level of health for everyone by the year 2000HEALTH FOR ALL BY 2000 tatml|5L5xBasicCPH PRELIMSHealth for All by 2000 modified in 1994 into?HEALTH FOR ALL BY 2000 AND BEYOND UOCs-x/uYBasicCPH PRELIMS"Adopted into the country in 1979 through the LOI 949 signed by President Marcos on October 19, 1979"PHILIPPPINE SETTING em?ESjkb`KBasicCPH PRELIMSThe president instructs the DOH to focus more on primary health carePHILIPPINE SETTING q:/9n1{YoTBasicCPH PRELIMS"Local Government Code of 1991 (resulted in devolution)—transferred power from the national to the local government in order to build self-reliant communities"RA 7160 h<FO;R>bQDBasicCPH PRELIMS“Health for All Filipinos”VISION  xjxEHyuBs~BasicCPH PRELIMS“Health for All Filipinos and Health in the Hands of the People by 2020”GOAL u[ZldNB%VKBasicCPH PRELIMS"<div><div>In partnership with the people, provide equity, access and quality health care esp. to the marginalized which brought about the Sentrong Sigla movement in order to achieve it.<div></div></div></div><div><div></div><div> </div></div>"MISSION Gr:n%+}=sNBasicCPH PRELIMS"Who set the ""Health for All Filipinos""?"DOH SECRETARY JUAN FLAVIER ti7Ke)Ig,.BasicCPH PRELIMS"All people, everywhere, from all walks of life, deserve the right care in their community"PRIMARY HEALTHCARE (PHC) q1x7/xD+j4BasicCPH PRELIMS"Acc. to WHO and UNICEF—ensuring the highest possible level, well-being, and their equitable distribution."PRIMARY HEALTHCARE (PHC) "y&{]|)2%L#"BasicCPH PRELIMSTrue or Fasle. PHC is more people-centered than disease-centered.TRUE NuHCNYwtc1AllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSTrue about Primary Healthcare EXCEPT:2address the health needs of an individual throughout their livesnot just about the curative portion of medicine, but rather on the preventative portionminor surgeries and simple laboratory procedures are included here"made universally accessible by means acceptable to people through their full participation and at a cost that the country can afford at every stage"the most inclusive, equitable, and cost-efficient approach to enhance people’s well-being0 0 1 0 0 euR[l8hn]rBasicCPH PRELIMS"Trained community workers or volunteers"VILLAGE WORKERS / BARANGAY HEALTH WORKERS v8PJ}K:Y89BasicCPH PRELIMSThe healthcare professionals themselvesINTERMEDIATE PHC WORKERS pq4P?;h]J2BasicCPH PRELIMSTrue or False. PHC is just about treatment and not dealing with prevention and rehabilitation.FALSE. It is NOT just about treatment, IT DEALS with prevention and rehabilitation as well. o.pLAb|eYzAllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSAll are components of PHC according to WHO EXCEPT:2"meeting people’s health needs throughout their lives""addressing broader determinants of health through multi-sectoral policy and action""empowering individuals and communities to take charge of their own health""providing care in the community as well as care through the community"encouraging people of the community to advertise the use of illegal drugs0 0 0 0 1 t|3994Xcf<BasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Component/s or Service/s of PHC. Environmental sanitationCOMPONENT Fl@e&%N;0&BasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Component/s or Service/s of PHC. Control of communicable diseases and immunizationCOMPONENTS H.lzHlS,&_BasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Component/s or Service/s of PHC. Diagnosis, treatment, and careSERVICES JJcNTTA+BPBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Component/s or Service/s of PHC. Health promotion and disease preventionSERVICES "EYxy%@#KKz"BasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Component/s or Service/s of PHC. Health educationCOMPONENT wQAkx$KWvyBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Component/s or Service/s of PHC. Maternal child health and family planningCOMPONENT Gh[>hFv[n4BasicCPH PRELIMS"Identify if Component/s or Service/s of PHC. Adequate food and proper nutrition"COMPONENT B|8h}ib$xMBasicCPH PRELIMS"Identify if Component/s or Service/s of PHC. Provision of medical care and emergency treatment"COMPONENT &lVr^36YXBasicCPH PRELIMS"Identify if Component/s or Service/s of PHC. Treatment of locally endemic diseases"COMPONENT ezd3aeBt3$BasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Component/s or Service/s of PHC. Provision of essential drugsCOMPONENT J;lXîde=PBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Component/s or Service/s of PHC. Early interventionSERVICES I_2w{P4&jYBasicCPH PRELIMSIdentify if Component/s or Service/s of PHC. Managing on-going and long term conditionsSERVICES FS]U9P]79LBasicCPH PRELIMS"Every entity is given the SAME RESOURCES"EQUALITY lvzr19Dud7BasicCPH PRELIMS"BEING FAIR AND JUST depending on the situation to achieve similar health outcomes"EQUITY ysRj&j|7EVAllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSIdentify a cornerstone(s)/pillar(s) in PHC (can be more than 1):1equitable distributionactive community participationintra-sectoral linkagesprimary level of careinter-sectoral linkages1 1 1 0 1 "B%9QI+T#lG"BasicCPH PRELIMS"Provided by center physicians, public health nurses, rural midwives, barangay health workers, and traditional healers"PRIMARY LEVEL OF CARE hJ4[JjPBasicCPH PRELIMS"Given by physicians and other allied health professionals for the assessment and treatment of health problems"SECONDARY LEVEL OF CARE QK?:=:j<~vBasicCPH PRELIMSMinor surgeries and simple laboratory procedures are included hereSECONDARY LEVEL OF CARE dm5.L8x:%pBasicCPH PRELIMSRendered by specialists in health facilitiesTERTIARY LEVEL OF CARE v;v+NJo:$jBasicCPH PRELIMSComplicated and intensive care is providedTERTIARY LEVEL OF CARE nm~t5Lwly>BasicCPH PRELIMSMajor surgical procedures can now be performedTERTIARY LEVEL OF CARE o*n}7mC[$UBasicCPH PRELIMS"State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or injury (acc. to WHO)"HEALTH oD^6nkWGnTBasicCPH PRELIMS"A dynamic state of humans that is multidimensional in nature"HEALTH sqKX;xTI:yBasicCPH PRELIMS"Condition to maintain a strong and healthy body"PHYSICAL ASPECT uUB+eg/`tlBasicCPH PRELIMS"How one perceives himself, control his emotions, and adjust to the environment"MENTAL ASPECT sN%>z6M[3-BasicCPH PRELIMS"How a person feels, thinks, and acts toward everybody around him"SOCIAL ASPECT GÊ?d,.$3]BasicCPH PRELIMSBringing about social change that allows people to achieve their human potential. It is a process rather than an outcome.DEVELOPMENT lrHq!d6P{;BasicCPH PRELIMSRegarded as something that is done by one group to anotherDEVELOPMENT k_D2n>CC9^BasicCPH PRELIMS"Viewing good health as a means to further improve economic development—the healthier the people, the more our economy improves"HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT r)`CE!3_e.BasicCPH PRELIMSConstituent components of developmentHEALTH AND HEALTHCARE 7ZNsw}Ui%BasicCPH PRELIMS"True or False. Good health enables individuals to be active agents of change in the development process"TRUE G>:m4G0+{bBasicCPH PRELIMSTrue or False Increased investment in health requires public action and mobilization of resources TRUE y!}I_g`G$bAllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSChoose those that determines the Health of a Population (can be more than 1)1genetics and biologyhealth behaviors"social or societal characteristics""health services and medical care"society’s obligation1 1 1 1 0 oln~AU3H+qAllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSImportant viewpoints about Health and Development EXCEPT:2"society’s obligation to maintain and improve health is grounded in the ethical principles of human flourishing""the link between health and economy is two-directional; health depends on economy the same way the economy depends on health""health improvement and economic development are both linked to people’s opportunities to exercise their agency and participate in political and social decision making""entirety of the system, government, and society approach in the development of health policies"none of the choices0 0 0 1 0 w_wPHBe!6RBasicCPH PRELIMS"It was signed onto law on February 20, 2019. The Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) was signed on October 10, 2019 and published on November 6, 2019."UNIVERSAL HEALTHCARE ACT (RA 11223) ze;ìO`ZUUBasicCPH PRELIMSWhen was the effectivity date of the Universal Healthcare Act (RA 11223)?NOVEMBER 22, 2019 q&bA)N7$emBasicCPH PRELIMS"True or False. Declaration of Principles of the Universal Healthcare Act are as follows: <ul><li>integrated and comprehensive approach - ensure health literacy, health living, and hazard and risk protection;everyone has to move forward with the same goal</li><li>everyone is actively participating - entirety of the system, government, and society approach in the development of health policies</li><li>people are at the center - centered on people’s needs and well being</li></ul> "TRUE gO6TA2EJi.BasicCPH PRELIMS"True or False. The general objective of UHC is to progressively roll out through a systemic approach (coordinated and not “band-aid”) and clear role delineation (know one’s role to play the parts well)."TRUE ne^(*06o9MBasicCPH PRELIMS"True or False. Ensuring equitable access to quality and affordable healthcare and protection against financial risk is another general objective of UHC."TRUE f4+[ÊZ?!VBasicCPH PRELIMS"Identify if Individual or Population. Services which can be accessed within health facilities or traced back to one recipient"INDIVIDUAL "k`r!#sJBZ{"BasicCPH PRELIMS"Identify if Individual or Population. Interventions which have population groups as the recipients for health services."POPULATION BwnT_3@g,-BasicCPH PRELIMS"Identify if Individual or Population. PhilHealth will cover for the individual-based services."INDIVIDUAL *IgxR0UhmBasicCPH PRELIMS"Identify if Individual or Population. DOH and LGUs will cover for the population-based services"POPULATION H@2_|/~lB5BasicCPH PRELIMS"Identify if Individual or Population. PhilHealth is to contract public, private, or mixed health provider networks - service quality - co-payment/co-insurance - data submission"INDIVIDUAL LF;h-[KAM^BasicCPH PRELIMS"Identify if Individual or Population DOH is to contract province and city-wide health systems"POPULATION no?3N!TwOsBasicCPH PRELIMS"Identify if Individual or Population. PhilHealth and DOH shall incentivize healthcare providers that form networks"INDIVIDUAL ytM=RDMN/IBasicCPH PRELIMS"Identify if Individual or Population. minimum components are: - primary care provider network - epidemiological surveillance systems - health promotion programs & campaigns"POPULATION Q3W`C2|otiAllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSScope/s of UHC is/are:2eliminating redundanciessimplifying PhilHealth membershiplicensing and registriespooling funds to PhilHealthall of the choices0 0 0 0 1 EVp_b^XMmXBasicCPH PRELIMSTwo type of contributorsDIRECT AND INDIRECT jD@ZârzDMBasicCPH PRELIMS"<div>Identify the type of contributor:</div><ul><li>Have the capacity to pay premiums</li><li>Gainfully employed </li><li>Bound by an employer-employee relationship/ self-earning, professional practitioners, and OFWs and their dependents </li><li>Lifetime members</li><li>E.g for domestic helpers, if they gain a salary of more than 5k, they are obligated to pay their contribution </li></ul>"DIRECT CONTRIBUTOR c;OHiVXB?DBasicCPH PRELIMS"Identify the type of contributor: <ul><li>Includes indigents identified by DSWD, beneficiaries of the conditional cash transfer program (4Ps), and those identified in special groups (PWDs, SK officers, and Senior Citizens) </li><li>Those who are subsidized as a result of special laws </li><li>Premiums shall be subsidized by the national government—the General Appropriations Act (GAA) indicates how much money the government has to pay </li><li>Encompasses 21 year olds and above who don’t have a means to pay yet </li><li>All people not included as direct contributors </li></ul>"INDIRECT CONTRIBUTOR fTGE*wt)d$BasicCPH PRELIMS"True or False. PhilHealth shall coordinate with other national government agencies towards the inclusion of all Filipinos in its database at no cost."TRUE "FN>(#[s.Bd"BasicCPH PRELIMS"Every member shall be granted immediate eligibility for the health benefit package without requiring the PhilHealth Identification Card"SECTION 9.1 yooBb][76UBasicCPH PRELIMS"Failure to pay premiums shall not deny any enjoyment of the programs"SECTION 9.2 x>W1weSk_WBasicCPH PRELIMS"Employers and self-employed direct contributors are to pay all missed contributions with interest, compounded 3% monthly and 1.5% for selfearning, professional practitioners, OFWs, and dual-citizens"SECTION 9.2 A-B x--AX8m:WRBasicCPH PRELIMS"No additional expenses are to be charged to all members admitted in any ward accommodation"SECTION 9.4 I^5(1FQOM6BasicCPH PRELIMSMembers in non-ward accommodations may be charged copayments/co-insurance, professional fees, and amenitiesSECTION 9.8 tg:,Uy_{_+BasicCPH PRELIMS"PhilHealth shall issue guidelines to operationalize the no co-payment policy"SECTION 9.9 ol_@Q;$?p!BasicCPH PRELIMS"Existing benefit packages shall continue implementations unless otherwise recommended by the HTA process (Health Technology Assessment)"SECTION 9.13 O~S[v$YhUxBasicCPH PRELIMS"PhilHealth shall issue guidelines on the additional benefits for direct contributors, where applicable"SECTION 9.14 t2W8$K3x]<ClozeCPH PRELIMSSteps in Immediate Eligibility Framework: 1) {{c1::Input}} 2) {{c1::Processes}} 3) {{c1::Output}} 4) {{c1::Outcomes}} 5) {{c1::Impact}} oYY3U+$&T6BasicCPH PRELIMSThis is redundant and fragmented, low premium, and has multiple purchasers.CURRENT POLICY N4.cg3+[(yBasicCPH PRELIMS"This has a clear delineation, pooling to efficiently mobilize existing funds, high premium, and has single purchaser."UHC  jIcRcp5%<0BasicCPH PRELIMSSection of sources of funds for UHCSECTION 37.1 y|$%XmYLr-BasicCPH PRELIMS"The province or city-wide health system shall pool and manage through a Special Health Fund, all resources needed for health services provided that the DOH in cooperation with the DBM and LGUs shall develop guidelines for the use of said Special Health Fund."SECTION 20.1-20.7 y$E5gSwouTBasicCPH PRELIMSPopulation CoverageSECTION 5 IRR IY:RiAg24kBasicCPH PRELIMSService CoverageSECTION 6 IRR q4JU3j:.l4BasicCPH PRELIMSFinancial Coverage SECTION 7 IRR HJ]T6YO/%zBasicCPH PRELIMS"<div><div>This is without prejudice to future laws or guidelines that may affect the identification or enumeration of Filipinos.</div></div>"MEMBERSHIP DATABASE LyYw<w`%?HBasicCPH PRELIMSRevocation of Accreditation/ContractQuasi-Judicial lnI?CJkF68BasicCPH PRELIMSPooling funds to PhilHealth for all individual-based health servicesFINANCING Q54rgttQ7KBasicCPH PRELIMSWho is assigned for individual-based servicesPHILHEALTH Qw`6FdI%rDBasicCPH PRELIMSWho is/are assigned to population-based servicesDOH & LGU CT`rThY8%$BasicCPH PRELIMS"Contracting by networks based on adherence to quality and co-payment standards, and third-party accreditation"FINANCING z]_610HW&&BasicCPH PRELIMS"Consolidate fragmented providers into province-wide and city-wide service delivery networks"SERVICE DELIVERY N_SC[wf|)=BasicCPH PRELIMS"Institutionalize primary care provider networks, epidemiological surveillance systems, and health promotion as minimum components of population-based health services ; enable income retention for all public providers."SERVICE DELIVERY "JjoC:#2ebT"BasicCPH PRELIMSIncome retention for public providersSPECIAL HEALTH FUND rBR0]P_LYwBasicCPH PRELIMSStandards for clinical health practice CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES t&GYupbs4-BasicCPH PRELIMS"Mandate transparency pricing of health goods and services ;  ensure benefit complementation between PhilHealth, Private Health Insurance (PHI), and Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO)"REGULATION AUovAkjk7>BasicCPH PRELIMSIn regulation, expanding scholarship programs require how many years of return service in underserved areas?3 YEARS Axz:V;JMM9BasicCPH PRELIMSBasic and non-basic accomodation ratio for government hospitals.90:10 BED RATIO 2w)74yABrBasicCPH PRELIMSBasic and non-basic accomodation ratio for specialty hospitals.70:30 BED RATIO U(knXu([LBasicCPH PRELIMSBasic and non-basic accomodation ratio for private hospitals.10:90 BED RATIO tMZ%{A{zG0BasicCPH PRELIMS"Require submission of health and financial data by health care providers and suppliers harmonized to an interoperable system; sharing of publicly-funded data sets ; strengthen medicine procurement, price negotiation, and affordability (quality medicines for a cheaper price)"GOVERNANCE PyH6M]0>80BasicCPH PRELIMS"This is institutionalized as prerequisites for public financing and Health Impact Assessment (HIA) for various programs, policies, and projects."HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT (HTA) opoBq]arP8BasicCPH PRELIMSstudy of disease, injury, and deathEPIDEMIOLOGY GJs(NPPBFbBasicCPH PRELIMS"According to them, epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in specified populations"CDC r<KH(89jK+BasicCPH PRELIMS"According to them, epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events and the application of this study to control health problems"WHO r;v?3z|r.uBasicCPH PRELIMSrefers to descriptive epidemiology (when, where, and who)DISTRIBUTION PF4+$9Qy;RBasicCPH PRELIMSincidence, prevalence, and mortality ratesFREQUENCY n0%-ieI?M,BasicCPH PRELIMStime, place, and personPATTERN o&0Qv)I3F$BasicCPH PRELIMS"refers to analytic epidemiology; deals with causes, risk factors, and modes of transmission (why and how)"DETERMINANTS fxA$_,rmXNBasicCPH PRELIMSAgents in determinantsCAUSES dm>nlW3lrWBasicCPH PRELIMSExposure to sources are called?RISK FACTORS "yKpf]a#D1Q"BasicCPH PRELIMS"”I came, I saw, I conquered” coined by Julius Caesar which can be applied to community visit"VENI, VIDI, VICI "qn4lm?#C+{"BasicCPH PRELIMS"Theory of the four body humors produced within the body"HIPPOCRATES (460 BCE-370 BCE) e1n6zM`SU?BasicCPH PRELIMSthe “seeds of disease”GIROLAMO FRACASTORO (C. 1476-1553) csNfS%?][*BasicCPH PRELIMS"According to them, disease is called as an external thing referred to as an “ens” which could attack any organ of the body"PARACELUS (1494-1541) AND JB VAN HELMONT (1579-1644) wTXN{9m6:+BasicCPH PRELIMSfirst to demonstrate microorganismsANTONI VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1632-1723) (si kotse kasi demo = kotse = van, joke) J$lm,OrB6tBasicCPH PRELIMS"Said that germs can causes diseases and developed a vaccine and treatment for anthrax and rabies"GERM THEORY BY LOUIS PASTEUR (1822-1895) *isipin nyo nalang germophobe sya dahil pasteur = pastry = baking = bawal germs sa baking,,,ey angas) L@/lEqPV:6BasicCPH PRELIMSOne germ can cause one disease (1 is to 1)BIOLOGICAL SPECIFICITY MGy}a/psD.BasicCPH PRELIMS"Perfected growing pure bacterial colonies, developed autoclaves, introduced photography for what he had seen in his microscope, and identified agents that caused diseases such as tuberculosis and cholera in 1884"KOCH'S POSTULATES OF ROBERT KOCH (1843-1910) (si grant = robert koch = koch's postulates = bacteria = mukhang bacteria si grant) kl%J%@t$(xBasicCPH PRELIMS"Developed the “antiseptic” surgery which developed into “aseptic” surgery"JOSEPH LISTER (1827-1912) *antiseptic = listerine (mouthwash) = joseph lister cAeESiT9hqBasicCPH PRELIMS"named “syphilis” in a poem ; notion of “the seeds of disease”"GIROLAMO FRACASTORO (1476-1553) KVyF<L[7odBasicCPH PRELIMS"studied cholera and concluded that it was not transmitted through miasma but through contaminated water"JOHN SNOW (1813-1858) *cholera = contaminated water = madumi = malinis = puti = snow = john snow EYYYY E8]z{<2>?;BasicCPH PRELIMSHe studied yeast, bacteria, and virusesLOUIS PASTEUR (1822-1895) *ulit, baking = yeast = pastry = pasteur luXpX,A&ZyBasicCPH PRELIMS"Use of carbolic acid dressings to disinfect surgical wounds ; introduced aseptic techniques"JOSEPH LISTER (1827-1912) C,CY:QP2I>BasicCPH PRELIMS"discovered the nature of viruses and their relationship to cells in the body"MARTINUS BELJENRICK (1851-1931) *virus = jetrick = jenrick = beljenrick  e2(K>>E0qLBasicCPH PRELIMS"microscopy, tissue staining, embryology, chemotherapy, and immunology ; theory of the chemical nature of antigens and antibodies (lock and key)"PAUL EHRLICH (1854-1915) D!e^>wRStTBasicCPH PRELIMS"developed a polio vaccine using a weaker strain of the virus"ALBERT SABIN (1906-1993) uns*Dx@^:dBasicCPH PRELIMS"coined the term “prion” and explained how these misfolded proteins could cause disease"STANLEY PRUSINER (1942) prion = proteins = prusiner  "AeO2jf#Id{"BasicCPH PRELIMSworked on the retrovirus for HIVFRANCOISE BARRE-SINOUSSI (1947) sinoussi = sinusi = susi = key = keypay = kipay = HIV HAHASSHHSAJHASH "gm2s#;W@`<"BasicCPH PRELIMS"differences in disease and injury occurrence for different populations"POPULATION AND COMPARISON P[tG7YlnaeBasicCPH PRELIMS"True or False. understanding the population and comparison concept is essential for implementing effective control and prevention measures"TRUE rv2HjGZ_U^BasicCPH PRELIMSRefers to the epidemiological triad or triangleCAUSATION uN1(G>(j=nBasicCPH PRELIMS"Identify the type of this Model: <img src=""paste-929f1d739e363127fdf6a9ec3dffbe48fa8aca3b.jpg""> "TRADITIONAL MODEL uxmL,70c8wBasicCPH PRELIMS"Identify the type of this Model: <img src=""paste-4e9f953eff3bba6a1259102ad3f901f0212829db.jpg"">"MORE DETAILED MODEL CWCjGm*>7hBasicCPH PRELIMSThe chain of infection:INFECTIOUS AGENT → RESERVOIR → PORTAL OF EXIT → MODE OF TRANSMISSION  → PORAL OF ENTRY  → SUSCEPTIBLE HOST  (UNENDING CYCLE) Js&~xu|]QEBasicCPH PRELIMSwidely used which describes the basic epidemiology of a diseaseDESCRIPTIVE p!;KjzydJ4BasicCPH PRELIMSdata collated by time, place, and personDESCRIPTIVE cB8V:ewB^vBasicCPH PRELIMS"describes the occurrence of a disease over a prolonged period of time (can take up to years)"SECULAR rn28hv/JCwBasicCPH PRELIMS"indicates change in the antigenic characteristics of the disease agent (if it can occur once, it can occur again in the future"PERIODIC l`Y]vJd?].BasicCPH PRELIMS"diseases that occur more frequently depending on the time of year it is"SEASONAL LN]6Se[=PxBasicCPH PRELIMS"sudden increase in occurrence due to prevalent factors"EPIDEMIC OCCURENCE / DISEASE l;ILrX&$+nBasicCPH PRELIMS"level of a disease that signals the start and end of the season"SEASONAL THRESHOLD "oL)|u#K{uM"BasicCPH PRELIMS"week in which positivity rate was above the weekly average for the year and which has continued for 3 consecutive weeks"START / ONSET oOw+}GHosRBasicCPH PRELIMS"first week where the positive rate was below the weekly average which continued for 3 consecutive weeks"END oB8Q3s{x_{BasicCPH PRELIMS"level above which the disease activity was higher than most years"ALERT THRESHOLD lj$V,+q/YlAllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSBelow are sites to consider when determinig epidemiology data by place EXCEPT2a. where the individual was when the disease occurredb. where the individual was when they became infected from the sourcec. where the source became infected with the etiological agentd. only A and Ce. all of the choices0 0 0 0 1 eC@eps6aG!BasicCPH PRELIMSanalyzes disease determinants for possible causal relationshipANALYTIC NrpwlHp&R`BasicCPH PRELIMS"starts with the disease and retrospectively investigates the cause"CASE CONTROL / CASE COMPARISON METHOD i<w+Qq2M/aBasicCPH PRELIMSindividuals with the diseaseCASE GROUP m5pA/Fm:ZDBasicCPH PRELIMS"members similar to the case group but without the disease"COMPARISON (CONTROL) GROUP GqhJ,j-se6BasicCPH PRELIMSprospectively studies two populationsCOHORT METHOD O|K%_m<d1QBasicCPH PRELIMShad contact with suspected causal factor under studyPOPULATION 1 AuzhuÒi/$BasicCPH PRELIMSsimilar group that had no contact with the factorPOPULATION 2 FJD6kb<poABasicCPH PRELIMS"determines the relationship between a disease and present variables"CROSS-SECTIONAL METHOD E]E}S%{Yw+BasicCPH PRELIMSTrue or Fasle. In a cross-sectional method, a population is surveyed over a limited period of time.TRUE gDI89WIJ[:BasicCPH PRELIMSone or more selected factors are manipulatedEXPERIMENTAL F[0O%U4DyuBasicCPH PRELIMS"effects of manipulation will either confirm or disprove the hypothesis of the drug effectivity"EXPERIMENTAL i=jvC5^Ta3BasicCPH PRELIMSgiven a new drugGROUP 1 W/ THE DISEASE z$pl9:Hti8BasicCPH PRELIMSnot given the drugGROUP 2 W/ THE DISEASE uO8}qM6lgFAllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSIdentify the correct steps in epidemiology investigation (in a consecutive manner):2develop hypothesis → look for cases and verify diagnosis → identify populations at risk → develop control and prevention → continue surveillance → confirm the existence of the epidemicconfirm the existence of the epidemic → look for cases and verify diagnosis → identify populations at risk → develop hypothesis → develop control and prevention → continue surveillancelook for cases and verify diagnosis → confirm the existence of the epidemic → identify populations at risk → develop hypothesis → develop control and prevention → continue surveillancelook for cases and verify diagnosis → continue surveillance → confirm the existence of the epidemic → identify populations at risk → develop hypothesis → develop control and prevention0 1 0 0 P=jyd3H1ÂllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSTrue about Epidemiologic Investigation EXCEPT:2identify relevant outbreak factorsidentify control and prevention measures"data are collected and collated according to time, place, and person as analysis and inferences are drawn"none of the choices0 0 0 1 e)|kKG||:FBasicCPH PRELIMS"proportion of people who died among all the individuals diagnosed with the same disease over a period of time"CASE FATALITY RATE / CASE FATALITY RISK OR RATIO "L0NBT#(y0R"AllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSCorrect formula of Case Fatality Rate: 2no. of deaths + no. of cases = X ; x divided by 100 = %no. of deaths/no. of cases = X ; x multiplied by 100 = %any is correct(no. of deaths)(no. of cases) = X ; x multiplied by 100 = %0 1 0 0  cxk.St2gDYBasicCPH PRELIMS"a measure for disease severity and is often used for prognosis"CASE FATALITY RATE (CFR) N0Z3g3z7jfBasicCPH PRELIMS"total no. of deaths during a given time interval/mid-interval population (1,000 or 100,000)"CRUDE DEATH RATE L}Y;c1wN2fBasicCPH PRELIMS"no. of deaths assigned to a specific cause during a given time interval/mid-interval population (100,000)"CAUSE-SPECIFIC DEATH RATE QpOYyANQKJBasicCPH PRELIMS"no. of deaths assigned to a specific cause during a given time interval/total no. of deaths from all causes during the same time (100 or 1,000)"PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY de~WYrivLwBasicCPH PRELIMS"no. of deaths assigned to a specific cause during a given time interval/no. of new cases of the same disease reported on the same time (100)"DEATH-TO-CASE RATIO "mj#.Esw/Qn"BasicCPH PRELIMS"no. of deaths among children less than 28 days in age during a given time interval/no. of live births during the same time (1,000)"NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE ln-tm|L`P=BasicCPH PRELIMS"no. of deaths among children less than 1 year old during a given time interval/no. of live births during the same time (1,000)"INFANT MORTALITY RATE "G~@Mq^R~@#"BasicCPH PRELIMSliving organisms or non-living sites (soil or water)RESERVOIRS kb-!LpdXY&BasicCPH PRELIMSindividuals capable of transmitting pathogens without displaying symptomsCARRIER NkyR<bYH8IBasicCPH PRELIMSharbors and transmits the pathogen but is not infectedPASSIVE CARRIERS LLNOrK5%y:BasicCPH PRELIMS"infected and can transmit the pathogen (symptomatic or asymptomatic)"ACTIVE CARRIERS mqNcl9DM,FBasicCPH PRELIMSDirect or Indirect transmissionCONTACT TRANSMISSION t/R[G^Ss1<BasicCPH PRELIMS"person-to-person (touching, intercourse, or droplets)—droplet transmission is one meter or less"DIRECT TRANSMISSION EnNP(s.Z)OBasicCPH PRELIMSinvolves inanimate objects called “fomites”INDIRECT n_$LXjl>L{BasicCPH PRELIMS"pathogens travel through water, food, air, etc.—aerosols float in the air as droplet nuclei can travel long distances"VEHICLE TRANSMISSION o%Ix$>$[MhBasicCPH PRELIMSMechanical and biological transmissionVECTOR TRANSMISSION "#3v/B:Q8T"BasicCPH PRELIMSharbors the pathogen but not infected (e.g. fly)MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION qQGGvJqIòBasicCPH PRELIMSinfected and can transmit the pathogen (e.g. flea)BIOLOGICAL TRANSMISSION G&yCNCY>-^BasicCPH PRELIMS"refers to occurrence of new cases of disease or injury in a population over a specified period of time"INCIDENCE zAFr//LJ-2BasicCPH PRELIMS"defined as a departure from a state of well-being as it encompasses disease, injury, and disability"MORBIDITY FREQUENCY MEASURES H1$5$!T~DzBasicCPH PRELIMS"no. of new cases of disease during a specified time/population at the start of time interval"INCIDENCE PROPORTION (ATTACK RATE/RISK) e&O%S%FckXBasicCPH PRELIMS"no. of new cases among contacts/total no. of contact"SECONDARY ATTACK RATE fC,u|UG2!MBasicCPH PRELIMS"no. of new cases of disease during a specified time/summed person to years of observation or average population during specified time"INCIDENCE RATE (PERSON-TIME RATE) RjynE,(Y$9BasicCPH PRELIMS"no. of current cases (new and existing) at a specified point/population at the same specified time"POINT PREVALENCE C;s)E$noJVBasicCPH PRELIMS"no. of current cases (new and existing) over a period of time/average or mid-interval population"PERIOD PREVALENCE l3crtu01r4BasicCPH PRELIMS"relative magnitude of 2 quantities or a comparison of any 2 values—divide one interval or ratio scale variable by the other (numerator and denominator need not be related)"RATIO Kk)=F<O{KtBasicCPH PRELIMS"comparison of a part to a whole; type of ration where the numerator is included in the denominator"PROPORTION M&96!q2/G?BasicCPH PRELIMS"measure of frequency with which an event occurs in a defined population over a specified period of time"RATES CJrH2t2_=rBasicCPH PRELIMSDiseaseMORBIDITY m2|iQNZU(4BasicCPH PRELIMSDeathMORTALITY NOPRW,|kVnBasicCPH PRELIMSBirthNATALITY sVMU.$xBZ{AllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSTypes of ratio in morbidity2risk ratio (relative risk), rate ratio, odds ratio, period prevalencerisk ratio, death-to-case ratio, odds ratioodds ratio and rate rationone of the choices1 0 0 0 lIaGxe9ndpAllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSTypes of ratio in mortality2death-to-case ratio, risk ratiodeath-to-case ratio, rate ratiodeath-to-case ratio onlyrate ratio only0 0 1 0 h>|R{F[N8~AllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSTypes of ratio in natality2period prevalence onlyno ratio is applicablerate ratio, odds ratioperiod prevalence, rate ratio, odds ration0 1 0 0  e5o$Wfx^hÂllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSTypes of proportion in morbidity2attack rate (incidence proportion), secondary attack rateattack rate (incidence proportion), point prevalance, attributable proportion, proportional moratlityattack rate (incidence proportion), secondary attack rate, point prevalance, attributable proportionanything is applicable0 0 1 0 M?ky[N}A8=AllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSTypes of proportion in mortality2point prevalance, attributable proportionproportional mortality onlyproportional mortality, point prevalenceproportional mortality, attributable proportion, attack rate0 1 0 0  d&./FgwYWfAllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSType of proportion in natality2none is applicableattack rate and secondary attack rateattack rate onlyattributable proportion only1 0 0 0 w<sTyNj-1WAllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSTypes of rate in morbidity2crude mortality, crude birth rate, age-specific mortality rateperson-time incidence rate, case-fatality rate, cause-specific rateperson-time incidence rate onlycrude birth rate only0 0 1 0 x{xw{3eITWAllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSTypes of rate in mortality2crude mortality, case-fatality rate, cause-specific mortality rateage-specific mortality rate onlymaternal mortality and infant mortality rateall of the choice is applicable0 0 0 1 Edfm?_%K?tAllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSTypes of rate in natality2crude birth ratecrude fertality rateboth crude birth rate and crude fertality rateneither crude birth rate nor crude fertality rate0 0 1 0 LYh!YVg}vVBasicCPH PRELIMS"illnesses that spread from one person to another, an animal to a person, or a surface to food ; can be transmitted via air travel, direct contact, droplets and blood, etc."COMMUNICABLE DISEASES jF&Q@?1Ez|BasicCPH PRELIMS"According to them, communicable diseases can impact resource-constrained communities and are linked to a complex range of overlapping determinants of health"PAN-AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION (PAHO) pkF>dss4l@BasicCPH PRELIMS"uses a pre-arranged sample of sources coming from physicians, hospitals, or clinics who have agreed to report on the cases of specific notifiable diseases"HOSPITAL SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM (HSSS) Q*43W4h78EBasicCPH PRELIMS"detects where an outbreak can occur at any point in communities"COMMUNITY-BASED DISEASE SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM Qn&9_8nJ,BasicCPH PRELIMS"relies on the collection of information with regards to microorganisms tested in the laboratory"LABORATORY SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM rSei),x~MBBasicCPH PRELIMSCase surveillance and Event-based surveillance is under what system?PHILIPPINE INTEGRATED DISEASE SURVEILLANCE RESPONSE (PIDSR) SYSTEM "J(MxJf#hp~"AllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMS"True about Community-based Disease Surveillance System: I. enables the reporting of any epidemic alerts in real time at low cost and low resource use ; leverages the capacity of community members to carry out surveillance activities within their respective communities II. leverages the capacity of community members to carry out surveillance activities within their respective communities III. can temporarily replace a non-functioning surveillance system or it can strengthen an existing national disease surveillance system ; utilized to ensure early detection and early response IV. can empower the community to identify the risks and provide reliable real-time communication structures to alert others"2I, III, IVI and IIIII onlyI, II, III, and IV0 0 0 1 fcS&*+9Fg5BasicCPH PRELIMSActive surveillanceEMERGENCY "DOKd#K=pL7"BasicCPH PRELIMSPassive surveillance and reporting. Collaboration with stakeholders and mobilisation readiness.PREPARENESS "k=b76.qP#H"BasicCPH PRELIMSHealth education and awareness, disease prevention and control practices. Community activities for risk reduction and preparedness.COMMUNITY HEALTH PROMOTION AND RISK REDUCTION mIDdKX[1u1BasicCPH PRELIMS"ensures communities have basic information about the spread of disease and how to prevent them ; simple and effective systems that detect outbreaks ; communication mechanisms that ensure timely information sharing and community engagement"EPIDEMIC PREPARENESS SURVEILLANCE MODEL J3g3=R)>]+AllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSDrivers of Success were grouped based on factors relating to:2surveillance workerscommunitycase detection and reportingintegrationall of the choices0 0 0 0 1 eTNkPt.y`6AllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSthe CDC can provide:2a. subject matter expertise to strengthen health systems that prevents avoidable outbreaks, detect health threats early, respond rapidly and effectively when outbreaks occur"b. building capacity in disease surveillance, laboratory systems, workforce development, emergency management and response"neither a nor bboth of a and b0 0 0 1 os*4>{1<yWBasicCPH PRELIMS"driven by rapid, unplanned urbanization, globalization of unhealthy lifestyles and population aging"NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES kBSEVt42zEBasicCPH PRELIMS"True or False. Examples of non-communicable diseases are high blood sugar, increased blood glucose, elevated blood lipids, and obesity"TRUE Gy3JZ$Ch+lAllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSKey Fact of Non-Communicable Diseases EXCEPT:2NCDs kill 41 million people each year (74% of deaths globally)"17 million die from NCD before the age of 70 each year, 86% of these deaths occur in low and middle-income countries""cardiovascular disease accounts for most of NCD deaths (17.9 million), cancer kills around 9.3 million, chronic respiratory diseases kill around 4.1 million, and diabetes kills around 2 million"tobacco use, physical inactivity, harmful abuse of alcohol, and unhealthy diets decreases the risks of dying from an NCDthe four groups of diseases account of over 80% of all premature NCD deaths0 0 0 1 0 FWH7w32>PaBasicCPH PRELIMSTrue or False. 77% of NCD-caused deaths are from the low and middle-income countriesTRUE NVA*R<YIZ7BasicCPH PRELIMS"True or False. detection, screening, and treatment of NCDs (along with palliative care) are key components of the response to CDs"FALSE They are key components of NCDs hzWakkfG):BasicCPH PRELIMSpeople of all age groups, regions, and countries are affected by NCDs PEOPLE AT RISK IWIùc6{JsBasicCPH PRELIMSWhat age groups are often associated to people at risk?OLDER AGE GROUPS (BEFORE THE AGE OF 70 YRS OLD) m]Jvd5*zUMAllInOne (kprim, mc, sc)CPH PRELIMSChildren, adults, and the elderly are vulnerable to modifiable risk factors EXCEPT:2unhealthy dietsphysical inactivityexposure to tobacco smokeharmful abuse of substancessleeping 8 hours daily0 0 0 0 1 MWtTFiz2B~BasicCPH PRELIMSNo. of deaths associated to exposure to tobacco smoke.8 ANNUAL DEATHS ws_[48<Lf?BasicCPH PRELIMSNo. of deaths associated to exposure to harmful abuse of substances.3 MILLION ANNUAL DEATHS l90U[Xn.R>BasicCPH PRELIMSNo. of deaths associated to exposure to unhealthy diets.1.8 MILLION ANUAL DEATHS (SODIUM INTAKE) I}WClS4oCWBasicCPH PRELIMSNo. of deaths associated to exposure to physical inactivity.830,000 ANNUAL DEATHS tNwvDR6qeUBasicCPH PRELIMSTrue or False. Metablic Risk Factors includes raised BP, overweight/obesity, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia.TRUE Ncn>OX8@@}BasicCPH PRELIMS"targets to reduce the probability of death from any of the four main NCDs between ages 30-70 years by one-third by the year 2030"2030 AGENDA OR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT KCNJdr|D;$BasicCPH PRELIMS"prepared for the Ministry of Health of the Philippines by WHO and UNDP 2019"PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF NCDs IN THE PHILIPPINES Qc^2O`*lLMBasicCPH PRELIMSHow many deaths (%) NCDs account for in the country?68% "w&#-LUl[w!"BasicCPH PRELIMSThe probability of dying between 30-70 from one of the four main NCDs is?29% Mpy[x6%+NzBasicCPH PRELIMS"It is causing a surge in health care costs, social care, and welfare support needs which contribute to reduced productivity"NCDs jvR=Q?r4r8BasicCPH PRELIMS"True or False. salt-reduction interventions have the highest economic benefit, followed by reducing tobacco use, and increasing physical activity"TRUE "h#4h&,6CXY"BasicCPH PRELIMS"This needs to be established to bring together existing cross-agency initiatives"NATIONAL MULTISECTORAL NCD COORDINATION MECHANISM fv$$&bW$nrBasicCPH PRELIMSSin Tax Reform LawRA 10351 (2012) O!d0zgiUT@BasicCPH PRELIMSTax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (TRAIN)RA 10963 (2017) txhoaQX&f_BasicCPH PRELIMS"addresses stunting, overweight, and obesity"PHILIPPINE PLAN OF ACTION FOR NUTRITION (2017-2022) H9d[b%It&/BasicCPH PRELIMSGraphic Health Warnings LawRA 10943 (2014) NClGw@[I;8BasicCPH PRELIMS"Providing for the Establishment of Smoke-free Environments in Public and Closed Spaces"EO 26 (2017) wRQQ7MauF=BasicCPH PRELIMS"psychoactive substance with dependence-producing properties that has been widely used in many cultures"ALCOHOL dGkdfq%sxqBasicCPH PRELIMS"True or False. Alcohol risk resulting to unintentional and intentional injuries, accidents, violence, and suicide"TRUE lDLk5esf=ABasicCPH PRELIMSTrue or False. Harmful drinking and TB and HIV/AIDS have a causal relationshipTRUE J~eFRqZbhmBasicCPH PRELIMSPeople aged ____ are attributable to alcohol20-39 YEARS OLD psA[$0!RiUBasicCPH PRELIMS"True or False. Using alcohol cannot be at risk for developing mental and behavioral disorders, liver cirrhosis, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases"FALSE It CAN BE a risk factor for developing such diseases/disorders. g{@)|c^Y%NBasicCPH PRELIMSWho are more physically inactive in terms of gender?WOMEN kIM6~44-k(BasicCPH PRELIMS"has a causal relationship with coronary heart disease, type II diabetes, and breast and colon cancer"PHYSICAL INACTIVITY h^0i{Nk9w:BasicCPH PRELIMS"blood pressure, BMI, and blood lipid levels increase the risk of having a cardiovascular event"METABOLIC RISK FACTORS h1JK^ws]f%BasicCPH PRELIMS"has been estimated to be more than twice as high as the WHO recommendation; may cause stomach cancer and increased risks for ischemic heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases due to hypertension"HIGH SALT INTAKE

CPH PRELIMS

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