Intermolecular Forces
of Matter and
Properties of Liquids
Properties of Liquids
01
Surface Tension
02
Viscosity
03
Vapor Pressure
Surface tension
Is the force that causes the molecules on the
surface of a liquid “tigthen their hold to one
another”.
Viscosity
The viscosity of a liquid iis a measure of its
tendency to resist flowing motion.
Table 1.1 Viscosity and Intermolecular
forces
Liquids
Intermolecular Forces
Viscosity
Acetone (C3H6O)
Dipole-Dipole and Dispersion
3.16 x 10−4
Benzene (C6H6)
Dispersion
6.25 x 10−4
Carbon tetrachloride (CCI4)
Dispersion
9.65 x 10−4
Ethanol (C2H5OH)
Hydrogen Bonding and
Dispersion
1.20 x 10−4
Glycerol (C3H6O3)
Hydrogen Bonding and
Dispersion
1.49
Water (h2O)
Hydrogen Bonding and
Dispersion
1.01 x 10−3
Vapor Pressure
Vapor pressure or equilibrium vapor pressure is the
pressure of a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium
with its condensed phases in a closed container.
evaporation
Liquid
condensation
Vapor
Other properties observed in liquid
phase;
➢
➢
➢
➢
➢
Capillary Action
Incompressibility
Diffusibility
Evaporation
Cooling effect of Evaporation
Boiling Point
Is the temperature at which the vapor
pressure of a liquid is equal to the external
pressure (atmospheric pressure above the
liquid).
Vapor Pressure
Vapor pressure or equilibrium vapor pressure is the
pressure of a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium
with its condensed phases in a closed container.
Water and its
Properties
Physical Properties
➢
Pure water is an odorless and tasteless liquid.
Density
➢
Water is at its maximum density at a temperature of
4°C (39°F).
Boiling Point
➢
Substances of comparable molar mass like ammonia and
methane are gases at a temperature that water is a
liquid.
Specific Heat
➢
The specific heat of water is higher than any
commonly known liquid except ammonia.
Composition and
Structure of
Water
Composition and Structure of
Water
❑
Each hydrogen atom is
attached to the oxygen
atom by a single
covalent.
❑
The intermolecular
forces acting between
water molecules are
the hydrogen bonds.
Two Types of Bonds
1. Covalent bonds between H
and O atoms within the
molecule; and
2. H-bonds between H and
O atoms in different water
molecules.
Chemical Properties
Parts in Chemical Reactions
1. Water reacts with metals.
a. Potassium, sodium, and calcium react similarly with water, producing metal
hydroxides and liberating hydrogen gas, but they differ in the intensity or
vigorousness of their reactions.
b. Aluminum, zinc, and iron react with steam at high temperature, forming
hydrogen and metallic oxides.
Parts in Chemical Reactions
2. Water reacts with nonmetals.
3. Water reacts with metallic oxides.
4. Water reacts nonmetallic oxides. CO2, SO2, and N2
and O5 react with water to form acids.
Uses of Water
Industrial
Uses
Industries use
vast amount of
water.
The three ways use of water:
1. Water is part of the product.
2. Water is used in the processing of the product.
3. Water is used for cooling the product.
Agricultural Uses
Lands are irrigated by water from rivers, lakes, and artificial
reservoirs, but there is no unavoidable need for manmade
irrigation and dams or reservoirs.
Domestic Uses
An adult human being has a minimum daily need of two
liters of water for drinking.
Water Supply and Water
Quality
Water is a renewable substance. Its total
remains constant.
Homework
1. Choose one from the two topics:
a. River/Water Pollution – (Where is is located? What types of
pollution are affecting it?)
b. Bottled Water Filtration Processes – (How are they done?)
2. You will perform a research and get an information about the topic
chosen. The students will make a video presentation of the topic.