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Works Cited
Dellenger, Ross. "Big Money Donors Have Stepped Out of the Shadows to Create 'Chaotic' NIL
Market." Sports Illustrated, 2 May 2022, www.si.com/college/2022/05/02/nil-nameimage-likeness-experts-divided-over-boosters-laws-recruiting. Accessed 21 Sept. 2022.
This source describes how with the new NIL rule, college athletes from bigger
schools have a larger image. The source helps strengthen my argument as it
proves that bigger schools athletes benefit more as their name has a larger weight
compared to smaller schools. This puts smaller schools at a disadvantage, creating
college sports to a money grab.
Digital Editors. "Arch Manning's NIL Value Is an Estimated $3-$5 Million but Experts Think
He's worth Way More." Sports Casting, 23 July 2022, www.sportscasting.com/archmanning-nil-value-estimated-3-5-million-but-experts-think-worth-way-more/. Accessed
29 Sept. 2022.
This reference describes the future of Arch Manning, a 5 Star Recruit and the
nephew of Super Bowl MVP Manning brothers, and his college career. Arch
Manning is projected to have a higher payout due to which college he attends,
creating evidence that college athletics are soon to be all money based. This
source can build evidence with specific scenarios in which can help show how
they result.
Fisher, Ethan. Telephone interview with the author. 24 Oct. 2022.
This source is very beneficial as it comes from a credible source that not only was
involved within the situation discussed, but whom was also affected by the
negative impacts of the labeling created by NIL.
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Lewis, Dustin. "Deion Sanders Says NIL Is Causing Problems in College Football." Sports
Illustrated, www.si.com/college/fsu/football/deion-sanders-says-nil-is-causing-problemsin-college-football. Accessed 29 Sept. 2022.
This Magazine discusses the thoughts Deion Sanders, the GOAT DB and Jackson
State Head Football Coach, as he says the NCAA will now have problems with
the new NIL rule. Although ironic, Jackson State along with many other smaller
college sports programs will struggle to sustain recruitment levels as bigger
schools with more NIL offers will take the recruits. This can be useful evidence to
use within my argument, also building credibility as it is evidence from DEION
SANDERS!!!
Marcus, Rachael. "All Play and No Pay: Former College Sports Stars Say the NCAA Owes
Them for Using Their Images." ABA Journal, vol. 99, no. 7, 2013, pp. 15-19. JSTOR,
www.jstor.org/stable/24595810. Accessed 21 Sept. 2022.
This source covers specific cases in which the NCAA owes former athletes their
"royalties" for the use of their name and image. It covers specific cases such as Ed
O'Bannon, former UCLA basketball player, and his entitlement to money made
off his name and image. This source could be beneficial by using specifics of
showing an opposing side of my argument, but also to debunk why players have
not received money they feel entitled to.
Parasuraman, Rohith A. "Unionizing NCAA Division I Athletics: A Viable Solution?" Duke Law
Journal, vol. 57, no. 3, 2007, pp. 727-53. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40040605.
Accessed 21 Sept. 2022.
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This source describes whether college athletes should get paid through the use of
the National Labor Relations Act. This can be beneficial as it shows players
would have to be defined as "employees" rather than students. Also showing to be
beneficial as the NLRB uses evidence on why players should not be payed as they
are students not employees.
Polacek, Scott. "Texas A&M HC Jimbo Fisher Says NIL Deals Happened in Past: 'They Just
Weren't Legal.'" Bleacher Report, 15 Dec. 2015, bleacherreport.com/articles/10020979texas-am-hc-jimbo-fisher-says-nil-deals-happened-in-past-they-just-werentlegal#:~:text=Texas%20A%26M%20Football,Texas%20A%26M%20HC%20Jimbo%20Fisher%20Says%20NIL%20Deals%20Happe
ned%20in,They%20Just%20Weren't%20Legal'&text=To%20hear%20Texas%20A%26
M%20head,their%20name%2C%20image%20and%20likeness. Accessed 29 Sept. 2022.
This source discusses an interview of Jimbo Fisher, Texas A&M head football
coach and 2013 coach of the year, as he describes specifics of past NIL deals that
influenced college football. This can be useful as Jimbo uses specifics to defend
himself. This source can help build credibility as Jimbo Fisher is a well known
and successful coach.
Pride, Jordan. Telephone interview with the author. Oct. 2022.
This source can be found beneficial as it has responses to specific questions. The
interviewee takes the same stance as I do, in which helps build my argument as he
can justify my argument due to his credibility.
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Purdy, Dean A., et al. "Are Athletes Also Students? The Educational Attainment of College
Athletes." Social Problems, vol. 29, no. 4, 1982, pp. 439-48. JSTOR,
https://doi.org/10.2307/800032. Accessed 21 Sept. 2022.
This source describes a study preformed on college athletes preparation for
college level academics and whether or not college athletes are still to be
considered students. This citation can be beneficial as evidence from the studies
can be used to help disprove the idea that athletes are to be considered employees.
Athletes arrive to college unprepared as they are to be considered students paid
through coverage of academic payments.
Sallee, Barrett. "Deion Sanders shares insight on NIL affecting player behavior, telling NCAA,
'you've got a real problem.'" CBS Sports, 19 May 2022. CBS Sports,
www.cbssports.com/college-football/news/deion-sanders-shares-insight-on-nil-affectingplayer-behavior-telling-ncaa-youve-got-a-realproblem/#:~:text=%22See%2C%20with%20the%20NIL%20%2D%2D,can't%20compet
e%20with%20that. Accessed 1 Dec. 2022.
This source is beneficial as it highlights comments made by Deion Sanders on
how he and other lower-level can't compete financially with other schools and
therefor can't compete with them in general.
Sanderson, Allen R., and John J. Siegfried. "The Case for Paying College Athletes." The Journal
of Economic Perspectives, vol. 29, no. 1, 2015, pp. 115-37. JSTOR,
www.jstor.org/stable/43194698. Accessed 21 Sept. 2022.
This citation covers the topic of the NCAA's vulnerability in the case of paying
players, while the revenue within the sports itself continue to progressively grow.
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This can be beneficial as it describes the idea of players being paid through
academic benefits and coverage. It can help show opposing views of the situation,
allowing for me to help strengthen my argument against those counterarguments.
Suttles, Aaron. "Nick Saban: Alabama players made over $3 million in NIL deals last year." The
Athletic, 19 July 2022, theathletic.com/news/nick-saban-alabama-nilsec/QoKT31U5RWHE/. Accessed 29 Sept. 2022.
This reference describes the interview Nick Saban, Alabama head coach, had with
reporters relating to the issue. Saban within the interview discusses how a new
player without playing a snap has already been payed over one million dollars.
This can be very useful as Nick Saban has a high level of credibility in the college
football world.